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    Wyświetlanie 1-11 z 11
    Tytuł:
    Effect of Austempering Temperature on the Microstructure and Retained Austenite of Cast Bainitic Steel Used for Frogs in Railway Crossovers
    Autorzy:
    Parzych, S.
    Dziurka, R.
    Goły, M.
    Kulinowski, B.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/354616.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    railway crossover
    austempering of bainitic cast steel
    heat treatment
    Opis:
    This work deals with the effect of austempering temperature and time on the microstructure and content of retained austenite of a selected cast steel assigned as a material used for frogs in railway crossovers. Bainitic cast steel was austempered at 400°C, 450°C and 500°C for two selected times (0.5 h, 4.0 h) to study the evolution of the microstructure and retained austenite content. The microstructure was characterized by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction analyses (XRD), and hardness tests. Phase transformations during and after austempering were determined by dilatometric methods.The increase in isothermal temperature causes an increase in time to start of bainitic transformation from 0.25 to 1.5 s. However, another increase in temperature to 500°C shifts the incubation time to as much as 11 s. The time after which the transformations have ended at individual temperatures is similar and equal to about 300 s (6 min.). The dilatation effects are directly related to the amount of bainite formation. Based on these we can conclude that the temperature effect in the case of cast steel is inversely proportional to the amount of bainite formed. The largest effect can be distinguished in the case of the sample austempered at 400°C and the smallest at 500°C. Summarizing the dilatometric results, we can conclude that an increase in austempering temperature causes an increase in austenite stability. In other words, the chemical composition lowers (shifts to lower temperatures) the range of bainite transformation. It is possible that at higher austempering temperatures we will receive only stable austenite without any transformation. This is indicated by the hatched area in Figure 4b. This means that the heat treatment of cast steel into bainite is limited on both sides by martensitic transformation and the range of stable austenite. The paper attempts to estimate the content of retained austenite with X-ray diffraction.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2020, 65, 4; 1463-1468
    1733-3490
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Evaluation of the Wear Mechanism of High-Carbon Hardfacing Layers
    Autorzy:
    Winczek, J.
    Gucwa, M.
    Mičian, M.
    Koňár, R.
    Parzych, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/354160.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    hardfacing
    self shielded flux cored arc welding
    cast iron
    erosion
    wear
    structure
    Opis:
    Materials based on cast irons are often used for protection against wear. One of the methods of creating protective surface with cast iron structures is hardfacing. The application of hardfacing with self shielded flux cored wire with high carbon content is one of the economical ways often used to protect machinery parts exposed to both abrasion and erosion. The wear resistance of hardfacings depends on their chemical composition, structure obtained after hardfacing, parameters of depositing process andspecific conditions of wear. As the base material in the investigation the steel grade S235JR was used. The wear behavior mechanism of hardfacings made with one type of self shielded flux cored wire and different process parameters were evaluated in thispaper. Structures obtained in deposition process were different in hardness, amount of carbides and resistance to wear with two investigated impingement angles. The erosion tests showed that impingement angle 30° gives lower erosion rate than angle 60°.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2019, 64, 3; 1111-1115
    1733-3490
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wycena pozaprodukcyjnych funkcji lasu metodą warunkową na przykładzie funkcji turystycznej
    Valuation of non-wood forest functions by a contingent method on the example of a tourist function
    Autorzy:
    Mandziuk, A.
    Parzych, S.
    Studnicki, M.
    Radomska, J.
    Gruchała, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/985755.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    lasy
    funkcje lasu
    funkcje pozaprodukcyjne
    funkcje turystyczne
    wycena
    metody wyceny
    metoda warunkowa
    non−market value
    payment card
    willingness−to−pay
    tourism
    ‘nad tanwią' nature reserve
    Opis:
    The perception of forests has changed in recent years. The non−wood services of forests gain more and more importance. Society pays more attention to the protective and social aspects of forestry. Hence, there is the need for their valuation. The aim of the research was to determine the economic value of the tourist function of the ‘Nad Tanwią’ nature reserve (south−eastern Poland) using a contingent valuation method (CVM). The objective reserve is a strict reserve with an area of 41.3 hectares. In order to determine its tourist value we conducted a survey that included a group of 341 tourists resting in this area. The research was carried out from May to September 2017. The CVM method uses a questionnaire as a tool to show respondents’ Willingness−To−Pay (WTP). The research used a variant of the CVM method in the form of a Payment Card. We used classification and regression trees for the statistical analysis. The method compiled data on the amount of hypothetical contributions for reserve protection (WTP) and the amount of contributions in the case of doubling the respondents’ income (WTP2). As a result of data analysis, the WTP model was built. The respondents reported the need of 14 types of visits in terms of their duration, most often they preferred short visits of up to 3 days. The demand for recreation in the reserve was determined using the regression equation: Sd=(29.87679/N)–0.12102. Hypothetical propensity to pay contributions for the protection of the ‘Nad Tanwią’ nature reserve was confirmed by 46% of respondents, while the remaining ones were against paying fees for this purpose. The average fee for all visits was PLN 27.51. The value of non−market benefits per person was PLN 340/year, and for the group of respondents it was around PLN 116,000. The valuation of all functions of forests is important from a practical point of view, as it supports foresters in making decisions about the right direction of forest management. In addition, forest areas covered by various forms of nature conservation are an important place of recreation for tourists.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2019, 163, 12; 1025-1034
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Ogniwa Peltiera w układach chłodzenia diod i matryc LED
    Peltier module in systems of cooling the LEDs and LED matrices
    Autorzy:
    Szlaferek, M.
    Parzych, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/377468.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Poznańska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Poznańskiej
    Tematy:
    ogniwo Peltiera
    dioda LED
    Opis:
    Układy chłodzenia diod i matryc LED stanowią obszerną grupę urządzeń i rozwiązań, która stale się powiększa z uwagi na ciągły rozwój w dziedzinie elektroluminescencyjnych źródeł promieniowania. Wraz z polepszaniem parametrów diod i matryc LED rosną też wymagania odnośnie ich układów chłodzenia. W układach tych występują wszystkie znane systemy używane do schładzania urządzeń elektronicznych: od najprostszych pasywnych (radiatory) do skomplikowanych kombinacji w aktywnych układach chłodzenia (wentylatorowe, cieczowe) oraz specjalne układy chłodzenia wykorzystujące np. ogniwa Peltiera. W niniejszym artykule skupiono się właśnie na zastosowaniu ogniw Peltiera w układach chłodzenia diod i matryc LED. Przedstawiono budowę, zasadę działania, rodzaje i parametry tych ogniw. Omówiono wybrane systemy chłodzenia oparte na ogniwach Peltiera oraz przeanalizowano wady i zalety takiego rozwiązania.
    Cooling systems the LEDs and LED matrices constitute the extensive group of devices and solutions, which constantly is growing considering the constant development in the field of electroluminescent radiation sources. Along with improving parameters of LEDs and LED matrices also requirements grow in relation to their cooling systems. All known systems used for cooling electronic devices are appearing in these arrangements: from straightest passive (radiators) to complicated combinations in active cooling systems (fan, heat pump) and special cooling systems using Peltier module. The present article is just concentrated on using Peltier module in cooling systems of LEDs and LED matrices. A structure, principle of operation, types and parameters of these modules were described. Chosen cooling systems based on Peltier modules were discussed as well as an advantages and disadvantages of such a solution was analysed.
    Źródło:
    Poznan University of Technology Academic Journals. Electrical Engineering; 2017, 92; 333-344
    1897-0737
    Pojawia się w:
    Poznan University of Technology Academic Journals. Electrical Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Dynamics, structure and chemistry of litterfall in headwater riparian forest in the area of Middle Pomerania
    Autorzy:
    Jonczak, J.
    Olejniczak, M.
    Parzych, A.
    Sobisz, Z.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/15438.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie / Polskie Towarzystwo Magnezologiczne im. Prof. Juliana Aleksandrowicza
    Tematy:
    litter fall
    dynamics
    structure
    chemistry
    nutrient
    heavy metal
    headwater area
    riparian forest
    Pomeranian region
    Opis:
    The following research on plant litterfall mass, dynamics, structure and chemistry was conducted from 2012 to 2014, on a 40- to 86-year-old stand of black alder (Alnus glutinosa) growing in a headwater area of the upper part of the valley of the Kamienna Creek (Middle Pomerania). Litterfall was collected every month with 20 circular traps, dried untill constant weight, divided into fractions, weighed and analyzed. The annual amount of litterfall deposited on soil during the study period ranged from 3482.5 to 4106.9 kg·ha-1, showing a dynamics pattern typical of temperate decidous forests. Leaves constituted the major fraction of litter with share of between 78.0 and 81.6% in its total mass. The contribution (in %) of twigs was 4.9-5.6, flowers 2.8-8.3, fruits 0.2-0.9 and other components 7.6-9.2. The relatively stable environmental conditions of headwater areas and the absence of disrupting factors during the study period were reflected in the low temporal variability of litterfall mass, dynamics and chemical composition of its individual fractions. The average annual pH of litterfall was 4.33-4.57. In general, litter was relatively rich in nitrogen and calcium but poor in phosphorus, potassium and magnesium. The content of Fe, Al and Mn was characteristic for these elements and low when compared to the other macroelements. The low contents of Cu and Zn confirm limited anthropogenic contamination of the investigated ecosystem with these metals. The annual return of the elements to the soil formed a series C>N>Ca>K>Mg>P>Mn>Fe>Al>Zn>Sr>Cu. A relatively large influx to the soil was noticed for nitrogen and calcium. Meanwhile, it was low for potassium, magnesium and phosphorus.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Elementology; 2016, 21, 2
    1644-2296
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Elementology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Niewykorzystany potencjał scalania i wymiany gruntów w modernizacji katastru nieruchomości
    Untapped potential of reparcelling and exchange of land in the modernization of the real estate cadastre
    Autorzy:
    Grabowski, M.
    Bieda, A.
    Parzych, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/101592.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Stowarzyszenie Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich PAN
    Tematy:
    scalenie gruntów
    wymiana gruntów
    ewidencja gruntów
    modernizacja
    reparcelling of land
    exchange of land
    real estate cadastre
    modernization
    Opis:
    W niniejszej pracy przedstawiono analizę wpływu prac scaleniowych na zakres modernizacji operatu ewidencji gruntów i budynków. Badania przeprowadzono w oparciu o operat ewidencji gruntów według stanu przed scaleniem oraz dokumentację scaleniową. Zakres wykonanych prac dowodzi, że scalanie gruntów jest jednocześnie procesem modernizacji operatu ewidencji gruntów w rozumieniu przepisów prawa geodezyjnego i kartograficznego.
    This paper analyzes the influence of land reparcelling work on the extent of the modernization of the survey of the register of land and buildings. The study was conducted based on the survey of land records from before the reparcelling and on the reparcelling documentation. The scope of the performed work proves that land reparcelling is also the modernization process of the survey of land records within the meaning of the Geodetic and Cartographic Law.
    Źródło:
    Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich; 2016, II/1; 445-455
    1732-5587
    Pojawia się w:
    Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Układy chłodzenia diod i matryc LED
    Systems of cooling the LEDs and LED matrices
    Autorzy:
    Szlaferek, M.
    Parzych, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/377817.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Poznańska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Poznańskiej
    Tematy:
    dioda LED
    matryca LED
    układy chłodzenia
    Opis:
    Niniejsza praca zawiera przegląd obecnie stosowanych układów chłodzenia diod i matryc LED. Zaprezentowano, zarówno najprostsze sposoby odprowadzania ciepła, z których korzysta się przy najprostszych diodach LED małej mocy, jak i bardziej skomplikowane systemy wykorzystywane do chłodzenia diod LED mocy i matryc LED. Przedstawiono wybrane rodzaje pasywnych oraz aktywnych układów chłodzenia oraz omówiono ich parametry i właściwości. Zwrócono również uwagę na wpływ wybranych czynników na pracę, zarówno diod i matryc LED, jak i samego systemu chłodzącego. Ponadto pokrótce omówiono programy komputerowe wykorzystywane do projektowania i obliczeń przy konstruowaniu układów chłodzenia.
    This work contains a review of currently applied systems of cooling the LEDs and LED matrices. The simplest as well as more sophisticated cooling systems are presented. Parameters and properties of the selected kinds of passive and active cooling systems are described. Influence of some factors on the operation of the LEDs and on their cooling system has been taken into consideration. Moreover, computer programs to be used for the design these systems are briefly presented.
    Źródło:
    Poznan University of Technology Academic Journals. Electrical Engineering; 2016, 88; 273-287
    1897-0737
    Pojawia się w:
    Poznan University of Technology Academic Journals. Electrical Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Ability of Leaves and Rhizomes of Aquatic Plants to Accumulate Macro- and Micronutrients
    Autorzy:
    Parzych, A. E.
    Cymer, M.
    Jonczak, J.
    Szymczyk, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/123566.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
    Tematy:
    bottom sediments
    Glyceria maxima
    Phragmites australis
    Phalaris arundinacea
    Typha latifolia
    accumulation of nutrients
    Opis:
    The samples of macrophytes and bottom sediments originated from the littoral zone of the Słupia River were collected in summer 2013. The aim of this study was to compare the properties of the accumulation of leaves and rhizomes of Glyceria maxima, Phragmites australis, Typha latifolia and Phalaris arundinacea for macro- and micronutrients. The largest quantities of macroelements were found in the leaves of the examined species, and microelements dominated the rhizomes of most examined macrophytes except for Mn in P.australis and T.latifolia. The obtained results show that N and K dominated in the leaves of P.arundinacea, P and Mg in the leaves of P.australis, and Ca in the leaves of G.maxima. The largest quantities of N, P and K were cumulated in the rhizomes of P.arundinacea, while Mg and Ca in the rhizome of T.latifolia. The leaves of aquatic plants accumulated from 1354.9 mmolc·kg-1 (T.latifolia) to 1844.0 mmolc·kg-1 (P.arundinacea), and rhizomes from 985.8 mmolc·kg-1 (G.maxima) to 1335.2 mmolc·kg-1 (P.arundinacea) of all the analyzed components. In these species of macrophytes lower accumulated value of the sum of macro- and microelements were found in the rhizomes. The share of nitrogen was 42.4–59.8% of this amount, phosphorus 4.3–8.6%, potassium 22.8–35.1%, calcium from 2,6% to 12.4%, magnesium 3.0–7.5%, and heavy metals were from 0.6% (G.maxima) to 1.2% (T.latifolia) in leaves and from 2.2% (T.latifolia) to 8.7% (G.maxima) in rhizomes.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2015, 16, 3; 198-205
    2299-8993
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Ecological Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Aspects of Microsoft Kinect sensor application to servomotor control
    Autorzy:
    Parzych, M.
    Dąbrowski, A.
    Cetnarowicz, D.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/200196.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    gesture-based control systems
    MS Kinect
    Arduino
    servomotor control
    Opis:
    This paper presents the design process of a gesture control system based on the Microsoft Kinect sensor. An environment enabling implementation of the integrated system using a variety of equipment and software was selected and prepared. A method for integrating the sensor with the Arduino environment has also been discussed. Algorithms for remote gesture control of the given servodrive angle and the position of the robot arm gripper were prepared. The results of several experiments, which were carried out in order to determine the optimal method for starting, controlling, and stopping the drive and for assessment of the accuracy of the proposed method for the arm control, are presented.
    Źródło:
    Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2014, 62, 3; 595-601
    0239-7528
    Pojawia się w:
    Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The content of macro and microelements in the shoots of Glyceria maxima of the Słupia River
    Autorzy:
    Parzych, A.
    Cymer, M
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/125150.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
    Tematy:
    macrophytes
    macroelements
    trace elements
    accumulation
    pollution
    Opis:
    The study shows the content of macro- and microelements in the leaves and rhizomes of Glyceria maxima of the Słupia River in Słupsk. The content of macro and micro-elements in G. maxima was analyzed for each component separately and in an integrated way, and comparing the demand for nutritions. The largest quantity of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and calcium were found in the leaves, meanwhile zinc, iron, manganese, nickel and copper in the G. maxima rhizomes. The amount of Zn and Cu, in all of the tested positions, within the range of the limit for the plants, and the concentrations of Ni and Mn exceed physiological needs. The U Mann Whitney test showed a number of statistically significant differences in the concentration of the analyzed elements in leaves – rhizomes, leaves – bottom sediment and rhizome bottom sediment relation. The relations between designated heavy metals formed a following series: Mn>Fe>Zn>Ni>Cu in leaves and Fe>Mn>Zn>Ni>Cu in rhizomes. The G. maxima shoots accumulated 985.8 do 1441.4 mmolc∙kg-1 in all the analyzed components, and the lower value of the sum of the accumulated macro and microelements were found in rhizomes. The sum of ion comospition of the macronutrients in the leaves and rhizomes was similar. The content of nitrogen was 51.7–53.7% of this amount, 5.8–8.6% phosphorus, potassium 22.8 – 26.6%, 4.9-5.8% of magnesium, calcium, 8.2–11.9%, and trace elements were 0.58% in total, in the case of leaves and 8.70% in the rhizomes.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2014, 15, 4; 29-36
    2299-8993
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Ecological Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Application of Bayesian Reasoning and the Maximum Entropy Method to Some Reconstruction Problems
    Autorzy:
    Fornalski, K.
    Parzych, G.
    Pylak, M.
    Satuła, D.
    Dobrzyński, L.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1537660.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010-06
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    29.85.-c
    78.70.Bj
    76.80.+y
    Opis:
    The so-called Bayesian reasoning is applied whenever uncertainty has to be considered as serious factor in interpretation of results. The paper presents analysis of the impact of inaccurate data on the straight line and quadratic relation fittings. This type of analysis is particularly important when one tries to decide on the type of dependence. The paper also shows examples of the Maximum Entropy Methods applied to the reconstruction of the hyperfine parameters distribution from the measured Mössbauer spectra of $GaFeO_{3}$ and the electron-positron momentum distribution from the positron annihilation data of Gd.
    Źródło:
    Acta Physica Polonica A; 2010, 117, 6; 892-899
    0587-4246
    1898-794X
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Physica Polonica A
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-11 z 11

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