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    Wyświetlanie 1-11 z 11
    Tytuł:
    Probit Analysis - a Promising Tool for Evaluation of Explosives Sensitivity
    Autorzy:
    Šelešovský, J.
    Pachmáň, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/357996.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    probit analysis
    sensitivity
    sensitiveness
    friction
    impact
    Opis:
    The sensitivity of explosives to various initiating events, in probability of initiation-level of stimulus space, has a shape of sigmoidal curve. In standard sensitivity tests only one point on this curve is sought, most often the 50% initiation probability level. The usual (and most often used) method for its determination is the up-and-down method. The whole sensitivity curve can be obtained by conducting large number of trials at all levels or more effectively by probit analysis. The usage of probit analysis, improvement of the precision of the results and comparison with the results precision of the up-and-down method is demonstrated by the example of determination of sensitivity to friction.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2010, 7, 3; 269-278
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Optimization of Wall Velocity Measurements Using Photonic Doppler Velocimetry (PDV)
    Autorzy:
    Künzel, M.
    Němec, O.
    Pachman, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358399.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    bare fiber probe
    Gurney constant
    pentaerythritol tetranitrate
    photonic Doppler velocimetry
    Semtex
    Opis:
    The paper describes the measurement of cylindrical charge wall velocity profiles at various angles to the surface normal. The wall velocities were measured using simple zero generation photonic Doppler velocimetry (PDV). The detonation velocity was measured simultaneously using fiber optic probes coupled with a digital chronometer. The PDV probe angles were set in the range of -2° to 17° to the surface normal. Powdered pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) and the PETN-based plastic-bonded explosive Semtex 1A were selected as the explosive materials in order to ensure reliable detonation under the measurement conditions. The explosive charges were confined in thin-walled aluminum tubes with an internal diameter of 16 mm and wall thickness of 2 mm. The results can be useful for the characterization of charge expansion phenomena and also for the optimization of cylinder test measurements using PDV. Gurney constants were determined for both explosives.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2015, 12, 1; 89-97
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Effect of polar plasticizers on the characteristics of selected cyclic nitramines
    Autorzy:
    Elbeih, A.
    Zeman, S.
    Pachman, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358627.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    energetic materials
    polymers
    sensitivity
    combustion
    thermal stability
    Opis:
    Dioctyl sebacate (DOS) is a plasticizer used with oily material for the softening of polyisobutylene binder (PIB) to form a polymeric matrix. This matrix was used for the preparation of various plastic explosives. The following energetic cyclic nitramines were used as explosive fillers: BCHMX (cis-1,3,4,6- tetranitrooctahydroimidazo [4,5 d]imidazole), ε-HNIW (ε-2,4,6,8,10,12- hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane), RDX (1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5- triazacyclohexane), and HMX (1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazacyclooctane). For comparison, Fluorel binder was used for the preparation of several plastic bonded explosives (PBXs) based on the same selected explosives. Impact and friction sensitivities of the prepared samples and the pure explosive fillers were measured. The thermal stability was studied using differential thermal analysis (DTA). High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to detect the presence of BCHMX dissolved in dioctyl sebacate (DOS). The heat of combustion of the prepared samples and of the pure explosive fillers was measured using a bomb calorimetry. The results show that PIB softened by plasticizer (DOS) has a greater positive effect on decreasing the impact sensitivity of the studied pure explosives than Fluorel binder. On the other hand, the plasticizer acts as a solvent for the energetic materials and decreases the decomposition temperature of these plastic explosives.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2013, 10, 3; 339-349
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Explosive Properties of Melt Cast Erythritol Tetranitrate (ETN)
    Autorzy:
    Künzel, M.
    Matyáš, R.
    Vodochodský, O.
    Pachman, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358875.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    sensitivity
    detonation velocity
    melt cast
    erythritol tetranitrate
    Gurney velocity
    Opis:
    Erythritol tetranitrate (ETN) is a low melting, solid, nitrate ester with significant explosive properties. The increased availability of its precursor (erythritol), which is now used as a sweetener, has attracted attention to the possible misuse of ETN as an improvised explosive. However, ETN also has some potential to be used as a component of military explosives or propellants. This article focuses on the properties of melt-cast ETN. The sensitivity of the compound towards impact and friction was tested. The explosive performance was evaluated, based on cylinder expansion tests and detonation velocity measurements. The impact energy and friction force required for 50% probability of initiation was 3.79 J and 47.7 N, respectively. A Gurney velocity value of G = 2771 m·s−1 and a detonation velocity of 8027 m·s−1 at a charge density of 1.700 g·cm−3, were found for the melt-cast material. The sensitivity characteristics of melt-cast ETN does not differ significantly from either literature values or the authors’ data measured using the crystalline material. The explosive performance properties were found to be close to those of PETN.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2017, 14, 2; 418-429
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Replacement of PETN by Bicyclo-HMX in Semtex 10
    Autorzy:
    Elbeih, A.
    Pachman, J.
    Zeman, S.
    Akstein, Z.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/403386.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Wojskowa Akademia Techniczna im. Jarosława Dąbrowskiego
    Tematy:
    chemical engineering
    plastic explosive
    detonation characteristics
    Opis:
    Bicyclo-HMX (BCHMX) was studied in the form of a plastic explosive bonded by the plastic matrix of the explosive Semtex 10 and the results were compared with the original Semtex 10 which contains PETN as an explosive filler. The tests included measurements in the sensitivity to impact and friction. The thermal stability was studied using differential thermal analysis (DTA) with the evaluation of the outputs using the Kissinger method. The detonation velocity was measured experimentally and the detonation characteristics were calculated by means of EXPLO 5 code and the Kamlet & Jacobs method. On the basis of mutual comparison of all the obtained results, it was concluded that replacement of PETN by Bicyclo-HMX enhances the friction sensitivity, thermal stability and the detonation parameters of the explosive Semtex 10, while the impact sensitivity is approximately the same. Calculated results of EXPLO 5 code showed good agreement with the experimental detonation velocities.
    Źródło:
    Problemy Mechatroniki : uzbrojenie, lotnictwo, inżynieria bezpieczeństwa; 2010, 1, 2 (2); 7-16
    2081-5891
    Pojawia się w:
    Problemy Mechatroniki : uzbrojenie, lotnictwo, inżynieria bezpieczeństwa
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Tetraamminecopper(II) Nitrate and Its Effects on Ammonium Nitrate(V)
    Autorzy:
    Künzel, M.
    Vodochodský, O.
    Matyáš, R.
    Jalový, Z.
    Pachman, J.
    Maixner, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/357988.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    ammonium nitrate
    complex salt
    copper
    detonation
    initiation
    Opis:
    Tetraamminecopper(II) nitrate(V) (TACN) is a complex copper salt which is easily formed when ammonium nitrate (AN) comes into contact with copper. It is considered to be an unwanted contaminant of AN because of its sensitivity to mechanical stimuli and significant explosive properties. The formation of TACN by the reaction of copper with molten ammonium nitrate(V) was demonstrated by powder diffraction. Friction and impact sensitivity testing was performed and field experiments were then conducted to reveal the detonation parameters of TACN and its initiation capability towards ammonium nitrate. The dependence of the detonation velocity on charge diameter was revealed and the ideal detonation velocity of 3500 m·s−1 at 0.87 g·cm−3 was measured. AN with the addition of 16 wt.% of TACN was found to detonate when initiated with a small booster charge. Moreover, TACN was able to initiate detonation in fertilizer grade ammonium nitrate(V) under massive steel confinement. TACN should be therefore considered as a possible contributory initiation source in some large scale accidents. In this article, some properties of TACN are revealed which could be useful for the investigation of accidents.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2017, 14, 1; 169-183
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Thermal Stability and Detonation Characteristics of Pressed and Elastic Explosives on the Basis of Selected Cyclic Nitramines
    Autorzy:
    Elbeih, A.
    Pachmáň, J.
    Zeman, S.
    Trzciński, W. A.
    Akstein, Z.
    Sućeska, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358014.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    detonation
    C4 matrix
    BCHMX
    HMX
    HNIW
    RDX
    stability
    Viton
    Opis:
    Bicyclo-HM X (cis-1,3,4,6-tetranitro-octahydroimidazo-[4,5-d] imidazole or BCHM X) was studied as a plastic explosive bonded with the C4 matrix and with Viton A. Also a series of nitramines namely RDX (1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5=triazinane), HM X (1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane) and HNIW (ĺ-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane, ĺ-CL-20) were studied for comparison with the same types of binders. The detonation velocity, D, of all prepared mixtures was measured. Their thermal stability was determined using non-isothermal differential thermal analysis (DTA). While the C4 matrix lowers the thermal stability of the resulting explosives, Viton A enhances this stability. Approximate relationships between the peaks of exothermic decomposition and the D values were found. The detonation parameters were also calculated by means of Kamlet & Jacobs method, CHEETAH and improved EXPLO5 code for all the mixtures. From the measured D values and the calculated detonation parameters, it is obvious that the detonation parameters of BCHM X-mixtures are very close to HM X-explosives and better than those of RDX-mixtures. It was found that the C4 matrix reduces the difference between the values of energy of detonation in the studied C4 mixtures. As expected, the pressed HNIW-Viton A mixture has the highest detonation parameters of all of the prepared mixtures.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2010, 7, 3; 217-232
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Blast Wave Parameters of Liquid Esters of Nitric Acid: Propane-1,2,3-triyl Trinitrate, Propane-1,2-diyl Dinitrate, Ethane-1,2-diyl Dinitrate and Methyl Nitrate
    Autorzy:
    Pachman, J.
    Selesovsky, J.
    Künzel, M.
    Matyas, R.
    Kubat, K.
    Anastacio, A. C.
    Kučera, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358057.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    nitric ester
    blast wave
    TNT equivalent
    liquid explosive
    shock wave in air
    Opis:
    A knowledge of blast wave parameters generated by detonating explosives is important for the evaluation of protective measures, modelling validation and post blast analysis. The relevant data are available for solid military explosives, but not for liquid or homemade explosives. In this contribution we present comparison of experimental incident blast wave parameters for bare charges, weighing from 100 g to 1 kg, of liquid esters of nitric acid, including propane-1,2,3-triyl trinitrate (NG), propane-1,2-diyl dinitrate (PGDN), ethane-1,2-diyl dinitrate (EGDN) and methyl nitrate (MeN), amongst themselves and with TNT charges of approximately the same size. The TNT equivalents, determined from both the incident overpressures and the impulse of the positive phase of the blast wave, were above 100% and showed relatively high scatter. The strongest blast wave parameters under otherwise identical conditions were observed for charges of methyl nitrate.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2017, 14, 2; 375-390
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    OPTIMEX: Measurement of Detonation Front Curvature with a Passive Fiber Optical System
    Autorzy:
    Pachman, J.
    Künzel, M.
    Kubát, K.
    Selesovsky, J.
    Maršálek, R.
    Pospíšil, M.
    Kubíček, M.
    Prokeš, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358142.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    detonation front curvature
    detonation shock curvature
    A-IX-1
    RDX
    OPTIMEX
    Opis:
    The ability of a newly developed independent passive optical system OPTIMEX to measure the detonation front curvature is demonstrated on charges of pressed explosive A-IX-1 (RDX/ceresin-stearin mixture with 95/5 wt.%). The charges, with length to diameter ratios of from one to four, were prepared from cylinders with diameters of 21 mm, 30 mm, 40 mm and 50 mm pressed to a density of 1.66 g/cm3. Such charges detonate with a velocity of 8220 m/s. The detonation curvature was obtained using 8 optical fibers and the results were compared with photographs acquired by an ultra-high speed framing camera UHSi 12/24.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2016, 13, 4; 807-820
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    OPTIMEX: Measurement of Detonation Velocity with a Passive Optical Fibre System
    Autorzy:
    Pachmáň, J.
    Künzel, M.
    Kubát, K.
    Šelešovský, J.
    Maršálek, R.
    Pospíšil, M.
    Kubíček, M.
    Prokeš, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358710.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    velocity of detonation
    VOD
    optical fibre
    passive VOD measurement
    OPTIMEX
    Opis:
    Detonation velocity (VOD) is one of the most important parameters describing the detonation process of a particular explosive. This article summarizes some peculiarities that we have come across when building and testing our new passive optical VOD meter – OPTIMEX. The advantages of using multiple probes with independent signal recording is discussed. The practical issues related to an explosive’s translucency are solved. Finally, a new method for detonation velocity data evaluation is proposed and demonstrated.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2017, 14, 1; 233-250
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Instytut Techniki Budowlanej w Europie i świecie
    The Building Research Institute (ITB) in Europe and all over the world
    Autorzy:
    Fangrat, J.
    Pachman, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/182811.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniki Budowlanej
    Tematy:
    Instytut Techniki Budowlanej
    działalność
    współpraca międzynarodowa
    organizacja międzynarodowa
    Building Research Institute
    activity
    international cooperation
    international organization
    Opis:
    Publikacja poświęcona jest współpracy podejmowanej przez Instytut Techniki Budowlanej z pokrewnymi instytucjami w skali europejskiej i światowej. Charakteryzuje ponadto wybrane partnerskie organizacje międzynarodowe budownictwa. Opis działań Instytutu na forum międzynarodowym uwzględnia udział specjalistów ITB w konferencjach i spotkaniach międzynarodowych, udział ITB w projektach finansowanych ze środków Unii Europejskiej, wizyty gości zagranicznych w ITB oraz publikacje zagraniczne pracowników Instytutu. Ponadto w publikacji przedstawiono działalność normalizacyjną w CEN i ISO.
    The article describes the ITB international cooperation. It characterizes couple of international organizations with whom the Institute cooperates as well as the ITB standardization activity in CEN and ISO. This article provides information concerning the participation of ITB experts in international conferences and meetings, the ITB involvement in EU projects, number of international delegates in the Institute and foreign publications of ITB experts.
    Źródło:
    Prace Instytutu Techniki Budowlanej; 2011, R. 40, nr 3, 3; 57-73
    0138-0796
    Pojawia się w:
    Prace Instytutu Techniki Budowlanej
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-11 z 11

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