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    Wyświetlanie 1-4 z 4
    Tytuł:
    Zjawisko apartheidu w Republice Południowej Afryki
    Apartheid in South Africa
    Autorzy:
    Juruś, Przemysław
    Olender, Marcin
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2068539.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Wojsk Lądowych imienia generała Tadeusza Kościuszki
    Tematy:
    apartheid
    Republika Południowej Afryki
    zagrożenie
    segregacja
    przemoc
    South Africa
    threat
    segregation
    violence
    Opis:
    Apartheid był unikalnym zjawiskiem występującym na terenie Republiki Południowej Afryki. Było to poważne zagrożenie bezpieczeństwa. Najprościej można je zdefiniować jako system polityczny, który określał relacje między rasą białą a innymi rasami występującymi na terenie RPA. Apartheid objawiał się poprzez: dyskryminację, niechęć, segregację, nierówne traktowanie, prześladowanie ludności „innego” koloru. Separacja doprowadziła do licznych problemów mających miejsce w Południowej Afryce. Celem artykułu jest identyfikacja i opis genezy oraz ewolucji zjawiska apartheidu w RPA. Jako przedmiot badań przyjęto wpływ apartheidu na kształtowanie współczesnego państwa.
    Apartheid was a unique phenomenon in South Africa. It was a serious security risk. The easiest way to define them is the political system that defined the relationship between the white race and other races in South Africa. Apartheid manifested itself trough: discrimination, unequal treatment, persecution of people of “different” color. The separation led to numerous problems in South Africa. The purpose of the article is to identify and describe the origins and evolution of the apartheid phenomenon in South Africa. The subject of research was the influence of apartheid on the shaping of the modern state.
    Źródło:
    Roczniki Studenckie Akademii Wojsk Lądowych; 2021, 5; 59--71
    2544-7262
    Pojawia się w:
    Roczniki Studenckie Akademii Wojsk Lądowych
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Influenza vaccination among healthcare workers – realization, promotion
    Autorzy:
    Tomaszewski, Mateusz
    Łuniewski, Michał
    Kulczyński, Marcin
    Olender, Alina
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1179527.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
    Tematy:
    Vaccines
    healthcare workers
    infectious disease prevention
    influenza
    Opis:
    Influenza vaccination is the most important component of prevention of occurring and spreading of this disease. 80% vaccination coverage of healthcare personnel provides a substantial reduction of transmission; each and every next vaccinated person results in a decrease of morbidity, especially amongst elder or immunocompromised patients. In the analyzed studies most common reasons of insufficient vaccination coverage among healthcare workers were fear of side effects, lack of knowledge, conviction of vaccine inefficiency, lack of feeling of social responsibility, and inadequate accessibility of vaccine. Healthcare workers who were vaccinated regularly did it mostly in order to provide safety to themselves, their relatives and patients; they did it also due to the knowledge of vaccination efficiency. The most effective actions to improve vaccination coverage were: vaccination requirement by the employer, active encouragement, effective promotion, better vaccine accessibility and promotion of vaccination as prosocial behavior. Offering surgical masks as an alternative did not improve vaccination rate in most analyzed studies. In conclusion, most important reasons of declining influenza vaccination by healthcare workers are lack of knowledge and low accessibility of vaccination, so evidently education, promotion and facilitating the vaccination in workplace are the most effective ways causing the growth of vaccination rate.
    Źródło:
    World Scientific News; 2017, 76; 50-59
    2392-2192
    Pojawia się w:
    World Scientific News
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Bordetella pertussis – the returning pathogen
    Autorzy:
    Łuniewski, Michał
    Kulczyński, Marcin
    Tomaszewski, Mateusz
    Olender, Alina
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1179529.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
    Tematy:
    Bordetella pertussis
    epidemiology
    outbreak
    vaccine
    whooping cough
    Opis:
    Bordetella pertussis is a non-motile, Gram-negative coccobacillus belonging to the genus Bordetella. It is the causative agent of pertussis – a respiratory tract infection also known as whooping cough or 100-days’ cough. A similar bacterium, Bordetella parapertussis, is responsible for a proportion of pertussis cases, which are distinguished by milder symptoms. Two major virulence factors of Bordetella pertussis are adhesins (filamentous hemagglutinin and fimbriae) which facilitate tracheal colonization – the first step leading to infection. In pediatric population B. pertussis infection tends to take a highly unpredictable and sometimes fatal course. Antimicrobial drugs of macrolide class are the mainstay of therapy mainly due to their superb activity against Bordetella pertussis. However, antibiotic administration is ineffective in alleviating symptoms of whooping cough. Therefore, in the first half of the 20th century there was a collective effort of scientific community to create an efficient vaccine against B. pertussis. These endeavors proved fruitful and culminated in the implementation of vaccination programs since 1940s. Despite the widespread availability of vaccines, pertussis remains a significant cause of children morbidity to this day. Epidemiological data gathered in Poland during the last 10 years clearly imply that the disease incidence is steadily increasing. Furthermore, pertussis outbreaks, which happened every few years in the past, nowadays occur almost every other year. The reasons behind the alarming resurgence of pertussis are multifold, but two elements are presumed to play a key role: the waning immunity of adolescents who were vaccinated many years ago; and the parents’ reluctance to vaccinate their offspring. On account of the steady growing number of pertussis cases, the definite causes of the current epidemiological state ought to be determined and an adequate approach to combat theses reasons must be undertaken.
    Źródło:
    World Scientific News; 2017, 76; 66-84
    2392-2192
    Pojawia się w:
    World Scientific News
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Air transport and the spread of infectious diseases
    Autorzy:
    Kulczyński, Marcin
    Tomaszewski, Mateusz
    Łuniewski, Michał
    Olender, Alina
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1179535.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
    Tematy:
    MERS
    West Nile Virus
    air transport
    aircraft
    airport
    aviation
    infectious diseases
    influenza
    pandemic
    tuberculosis
    Opis:
    Dynamically growing number of airline passengers and flights, especially intercontinental ones, is a key factor conducive to the spread of infectious diseases. The threat to public health may be even more noticeable if it is taken into account, that the developing countries record larger increase in air traffic than most European high developed states with good sanitary conditions. The aim of the study is to make a review of the literature concerning risk assessment and ways to prevent transmission of infectious diseases aboard civil aircrafts. Airline-associated spread of infectious diseases can refer to airborne and vector-borne diseases, as well as these transmitted by fecal-oral route. The particular danger of rapid spread of a disease through airline passengers is caused by influenza virus strains with the potential for causing pandemics or coronaviruses that are infectious agents of MERS and SARS. Passengers suffering from active tuberculosis are also a reason of a serious epidemiological concern. Also other airborne diseases like measles can be easily transmitted by air transport when travelling from endemic countries. On the other hand, flight-related food poisonings are less and less frequent – the most common cause are still bacteria of the Salmonella genus. Among vector-borne diseases, particular attention is paid to the problem of possible transfer of mosquitoes infected with West Nile Virus. In the prevention of the spread of communicable diseases via air transport, there are important factors such as: efficient identifying of sick travellers and crew members, use of personal protective equipment (such as masks with HEPA filter) by passengers travelling alongside sick person, efficient ventilation inside the passenger cabin, proper disinfection of aircrafts' interiors, vaccination of cabin crews against influenza and proper preparation and handling of catering provided to aircrafts.
    Źródło:
    World Scientific News; 2017, 76; 123-135
    2392-2192
    Pojawia się w:
    World Scientific News
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-4 z 4

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