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Tytuł:
Na granicach Niepodległej : Straż Graniczna (1928-1939) w perspektywie 100-lecia odzyskania niepodległości
Straż Graniczna (1928-1939) w perspektywie 100-lecia odzyskania niepodległości
Współwytwórcy:
Ochał, Artur. Redakcja
Ruczyński, Michał (1986- ). Redakcja
Oddział w Szczecinie (Instytut Pamięci Narodowej). Wydawca
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Szczecin : Instytut Pamięci Narodowej - Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu. Oddział w Szczecinie
Tematy:
Straż Graniczna (1928-1939)
Bezpieczeństwo narodowe
Granice
Straż graniczna
Materiały konferencyjne
Praca zbiorowa
Opis:
Na stronie przytytułowej: Centralny Projekt Badawczy IPN. Wojsko Polskie w strukturach państwa w XX wieku.
Indeks.
Dostawca treści:
Bibliografia CBW
Książka
Tytuł:
Dokładność określania świeżej masy strzał jodły na podstawie przeliczników wagowo-objętościowych
Accuracy of estimation silver fir stem mass on the basis of volume to weight conversion factors
Autorzy:
Ochal, W.
Wertz, B.
Grabczyński, S.
Orzeł, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/985798.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
drzewa lesne
jodla pospolita
Abies alba
biomasa drzewna
masa strzaly drzew
biomasa swieza
szacowanie biomasy
wspolczynniki wagowo-objetosciowe
gestosc drewna
abies alba
wood density
stem biomass
biomass estimation
Opis:
The paper describes the accuracy of estimation of silver fir stem fresh mass on the basis of volume to weight conversion factor, derived from samples, collected from few different places along the stem. The research material contained 13 sample trees selected from homogenous 70−years old stand, situated in mountainous area of the Beskid Sądecki in Polish part of the Carpathians (S Poland). Volume over the bark of sample trees was calculated with section−wise method and the whole stem fresh biomass was directly weighted. For each sample tree three stem discs were collected at 1/6, 1/2 and 5/6 of tree height, their weight and volume were precisely determined and the biomass conversion factors (equivalent of stem density) were calculated. The assessment of the accuracy of whole fresh stem biomass was conducted according to five variants: for the biomass conversion factors derived from each individual stem disc (lower, middle or upper), from weighted mean density and on the basis of the constructed mixed model, where relative height and diameter were treated as fixed effects and influence of individual trees was included as a random term. The volume of sample fir stems ranged from 0.15 to 2.22 m3, while their fresh biomass varied between 138.1 and 1896.7 kg. Obtained results show that variation of the density was higher within stems than between them (coefficient of variation amounted to 8.4% i 3.3% respectively). The average density increased along stem, from 835.6 kg/m3 for lower part (1/6H) to 986.8 kg/m3 for the upper part (5/6H). Estimating the biomass on the basis of just lower stem disc resulted in the average relative error equal to –5.8%, while for middle stem disc the error was +1.2%, and for upper disc +11.3%. The use of conversion factors derived from weighted average density of all three stem discs resulted in average bias equal to –1,7% with standard error 1,0%. Despite the presence of mean bias of –2.3%, the constructed density model gave the most precise estimation of the stem biomass (standard error 0.7%), which indicates the reasons for its further improvements and usage.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2018, 162, 04; 277-287
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Szerokość pasma jądrowego estymatora rozkładu pierśnic w drzewostanach olszy czarnej (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.) z zachodniej części Kotliny Sandomierskiej
Bandwidth of kernel estimator of DBH distribution in black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.) stands from west part of the Sandomierz Basin
Autorzy:
Pogoda, P.
Ochał, W.
Orzeł, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/985919.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
dendrometria
drzewa lesne
olsza czarna
Alnus glutinosa
piersnice drzew
rozklad piersnic
estymacja
estymatory jadrowe nieparametryczne
kernel estimator
bandwidth
dbh structure
black alder
Opis:
Set of ‘nonparametric’ methods, that don’t make a priori assumption about functional form of empirical distribution was developed as an alternative to the parametric distribution modeling. The kernel estimators are one of such methods, that can be used to describe the frequency of data representing for example DBH records. Kernel smoothing requires the choice of weighting function and bandwidth also called as smoothing parameter or window. The lack of comprehensive analysis on the applicability of particular bandwidth selection methods to model DBH structure gave an impulse to present investigation aimed at determining value and variability of smoothing parameter in black alder stands. The optimal bandwidth was obtained according to six different variants of plug−in method proposed by Altman and Léger. Presented investigations were based on DBH measurements collected in 163 managed black alder stands aged from 6 to 89 years, growing in the west part of the Sandomierz Basin (S Poland). We measured in total 22,530 black alders, from 48 to 359 in individual stand. Stands were characterized by: age, quadratic mean diameter, basal area, mean height, Reineke’s stand density index and standard deviation of DBH. Smoothing parameter was obtained by means of plug−in method with the pilot bandwidth selected by: Silverman’s rule of thumb (nrd0), Scott’s method (nrd), unbiased cross−validation (ucv), biased cross−validation (bcv), method of Sheather and Jones (sj) and one−stage method of Wand and Jones (onestage). The bandwidth was first obtained to real data, then to 100 bootstrap samples of 5, 10, 15 ... and 100 trees from each stand. Smoothing parameters were characterized by mean and variance. Relationship between values of smoothing parameter and stand characteristics was determined. Finally the influence of sample size on value and variability of bandwidth was assessed. Value and variability of smoothing parameter in black alder stands are determined by stand age, sample size and method of bandwidth choice. There is a close relationship between bandwidth and the mean height (r from 0.75 to 0.83), quadratic mean diameter (r from 0.79 to 0.88) and standard deviation of DBH (r from 0.84 to 0.93). Potentially these stand features can be used to predict smoothing parameter values. Minor changes of bandwidth for samples containing above 50 trees together with persistence of standard error give an objective grounds for defining optimal number of diameters, that are necessary to kernel estimation of DBH distribution.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2018, 162, 05; 411-421
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ocena przydatności wybranych funkcji do modelowania rozkładu pierśnic w drzewostanach olszy czarnej (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.)
Evaluation of usefulness of selected functions for modeling distribution of breast height diameter in black alder stands (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.)
Autorzy:
Orzeł, S.
Pogoda, P.
Ochał, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/988989.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
drzewostany olszowe
struktura grubosci
olsza czarna
Alnus glutinosa
piersnice drzew
rozklad piersnic
rozklad teoretyczny
aproksymacja
modelowanie
funkcja gestosci prawdopodobienstwa
test Kolmogorowa-Smirnowa
diameter at breast height
diameter distribution
probability density function
kolmogorov−smirnov test
Opis:
We evaluated the usefulness of ten theoretical probability density functions for the approximation of the breast height diameter distributions in managed alder stands growing in the western part of the Sandomierz Basin (southern Poland). The study material consisted of measurement results for 22,530 alders obtained for 844 circular sample plots, established in 163 stands aged 6−89. In the area of particular stands, from 2 to 10 age−dependent circular sample plots sized 0.01−0.10 ha were systematically arranged. We evaluated the following theoretical probability distributions: normal (N), double normal (P−N), Johnson SB (J), Weibull (W), beta (B), Burr (Bu), gamma (G), log−normal (L−N), log−logistic (L−L) and Birnbaum−Saunders (B−S). Additionally the usefulness of the W, B, Bu, G, L−N, L−L and B−S distributions with omitted location parameter was tested. The goodness−of−fit of each probability density function was assessed based on the Kolmogorov−Smirnov statistic, the root mean square error and ranks established on their basis. It was found that DBH distribution of majority stands is characterized by right−sided asymmetry and negative kurtosis. It was showed that the best distribution for the breast height diameter structure approximation of alder stands is the Johnson SB (J) distribution. To describe the frequency of thickness, normal (N) and log−logistic (L−L) distribution should not be used. Elimination of location parameter significantly affects usefulness of probability density functions to modeling empirical distributions of breast height diameter. Gamma and Burr distributions with omitted location parameter gave the best results in description the frequency of breast height diameter. In certain situations, these distributions can also be used to describe the structure of breast height diameter of alder stands.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2017, 161, 02; 101-113
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dokładność stałych krzywych wysokości dla drzewostanów olszy czarnej (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.)
Accuracy of the uniform height curves for black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.) stands
Autorzy:
Ochał, W.
Orzeł, S.
Siudak, K.
Zamyślewska, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989648.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
dendrometria
drzewostany olszowe
drzewa lesne
olsza czarna
Alnus glutinosa
piersnice drzew
wysokosc drzew
stale krzywe wysokosci
h−d relationship
uniform height curve
forest inventory
black alder
Opis:
The study presents the assessment of the accuracy of two generalized height−diameter models, such as skwB [Bruchwald et al. 2001] and skwO [Orzeł et al. 2014], developed in Poland for black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.) stands. Verification of these models was conducted on empirical material that was collected in 127 alder stands located in the western part of Sandomierz Basin (southern Poland). Selected alder stands aged 6−89 years, while average breast height diameter ranged from 4.5 to 43.0 cm and average height from 6.3 to 32.7 m. The stand density varied from 222 to 4360 trees/ha. The accuracy assessment for uniform height−diameter curves was based on the analysis of single tree absolute error distributions. Synthetic indicators of goodness−of−fit, such as: average and standard errors, coefficients of variation and determination were calculated based on absolute errors. The final evaluation of the compared uniform height−diameter models results from the structure of the goodness−of−fit measures that was observed within all analyzed stands and within age classes of 20 years. The efficiency of uniform height−diameter models was also compared with stand height−diameter curve, which was developed based on the Näslund function. General height−diameter models overestimated height in alder stands on average from 0.26 (1.67) to 0.19 m (1.39%), based on skwB and skwO models, respectively. Bias depended on the age of stand and decreases from almost 3% in I age class to nearly 0.5% in IV and V age class. For both analyzed models, a positive systematic error was observed for the standardized breast height diameter. Bias in estimating the height of single stand depended on the accuracy of stand height estimations. In case of estimation based on the measurements of three trees height, bias in single stand can range from –13% to +14%. Due to the range and nature of observed systematic errors, uniform height curves should be applied to groups of stands that have different age and breast height diameter structure, as it allows for partial reduction of the error.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2016, 160, 08; 635-646
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Modele bonitacyjne dla gatunków lasotwórczych Polski opracowane na podstawie tablic zasobności
Site index models for forest-forming tree species in Poland developed basing on the yield tables
Autorzy:
Socha, J.
Ochał, W.
Grabczyński, S.
Maj, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989707.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
drzewa lesne
gatunki lasotworcze
modele wzrostu
siedliska lesne
modele bonitacyjne
wskazniki bonitacji
site index
site index model
height growth models
Opis:
The objectives of this work was to develop a site index models for main forest−forming tree species in Poland based on data from published yield tables. The research material include growth series of birch, European beech, common oak, red oak, European hornbeam, European ash, Norway maple, small−leaved lime, black alder, trembling aspen, locust, Douglas fir, silver fir, European larch, Scots pine, and Norway spruce. Six algebraic difference models were preliminary selected for the construction of site index model. When selecting a potential models an assumption was made, that the index system should be characterized by good fit to the empirical data, polymorphism, variable asymptotes for different sites and equality of the site index and height at a certain base age. To estimate parameters of individual models all possible combinations among height−age pairs for each tree were used. The selection of the best model was based on fit criteria describing: proportion of variance explained, error range and standard deviation of the residuals. Best fitting model was selected basing on the sum of ranks from individual criteria and for each individual tree species a separate model was selected, which fits the best growth series from the yield tables. For 16 out of 19 species, the best fit statistics were demonstrated by the model developed on the base of the function [2]. Developed models may be used both in forestry practice and forestry research in order to estimate site index for analyzed tree species.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2015, 159, 08; 639-649
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dokładność wzorów empirycznych służących do określania biomasy nadziemnych komponentów drzew olszy czarnej (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.)
Accuracy of empirical formulas for determining aboveground biomass of black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.)
Autorzy:
Ochał, W.
Socha, J.
Grabczyński, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/990997.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
drzewa lesne
olsza czarna
Alnus glutinosa
biomasa
czesci nadziemne
wzory empiryczne
dokladnosc wzorow
black alder
aboveground biomass
accuracy assessment
empirical formulas
poland
Opis:
The study investigated the accuracy of thirty equations formulated in England, Sweden, Turkey, Lithuania and Spain and which aim to determine the aboveground biomass of black alder. The reference constituted of bark, timber, stem, branches and leaves dry biomass of 168 sample trees aged 6−96 from 56 alder stands located in the western part of Kotlina Sandomierska (south−eastern Poland). The analysed formulas, considering local conditions, resulted in biased biomass calculations. The evaluation of such components as leaves, branches, trunk timber or trunk bark is subject to systematic errors larger than a dozen or so per cent, and in certain ranges of breast height diameters − up to even a couple of dozens or a few hundred per cent. Only three out of 30 formulas may be considered useful for estimating aboveground biomass of black alder in Poland.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2014, 158, 06; 431-442
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Stała krzywa wysokości dla olszy czarnej (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.) z zachodniej części Kotliny Sandomierskiej
Generalized height-diameter model for black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.) in the western part of the Sandomierz Basin
Autorzy:
Orzeł, S.
Pogoda, P.
Ochał, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/991312.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
dendrometria
drzewa lesne
olsza czarna
Alnus glutinosa
piersnice drzew
wysokosc drzew
stale krzywe wysokosci
Kotlina Sandomierska
alder stands
height−diameter curve
local uniform height curve
the sandomierz basin
Opis:
The study shows that the accuracy of tree height approximation by means of investigated functions is not modified by the age or site conditions of the analysed alder stands. The widest range of tree height variability was explained by Schnute (M5) function. Higher values of adjusted coefficient of determination (R²adj) are usually obtained when the height of black alder stands in the western part of the Sandomierz Basin is determined with M2 height−diameter curve.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2014, 158, 11; 840-849
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ wzniesienia nad poziom morza i podłoża geologicznego na produkcyjność siedlisk Beskidu Żywieckiego dla buka
Effect of elevation above sea level and geology on the site productivity for European beech in the Beskid Zywiecki Mountains
Autorzy:
Socha, J.
Ochał, W.
Maj, M.
Grabczyński, S.
Lach, J.
Gruba, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/991314.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
drzewa lesne
buk zwyczajny
Fagus sylvatica
wymagania siedliskowe
Beskid Zywiecki
siedliska lesne
produkcyjnosc
wysokosc nad poziomem morza
ekspozycja
nachylenie stoku
bonitacja siedliska
podloze geologiczne
fagus silvatica
site index
parent rock
soil nutrient regime
site productivity
Opis:
The aim of the study was to determine the effect of topography and parent rock as well as selected characteristics of the soils on the site productivity for European beech in the Beskid Żywiecki Mountains (S Poland). The research material consisted of measurements performed on sample plots ranging in size from 0.01 to 0.10 ha located in 50 beech stands aged 40−140 years. Productivity of beech stands was to the greatest extent determined by the elevation above sea level. The site index of beech stands is significantly affected by the type of geological substrate, whereas there was no relationship between productivity and analyzed soil characteristics.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2014, 158, 11; 850-859
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Alokacja nadziemnej biomasy u sosen zajmujących różne pozycje biosocjalne w drzewostanie
Aboveground biomass allocation in Scots pines of different biosocial positions in the stand
Autorzy:
Ochał, W.
Grabczyński, S.
Orzeł, S.
Wertz, B.
Socha, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/991636.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
drzewa lesne
pozycja biosocjalna drzew
sosna zwyczajna
Pinus sylvestris
biomasa nadziemna
alokacja biomasy
scots pine
aboveground biomass
biomass allocation
biosocial class
Opis:
The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the biosocial position occupied by the tree on the amount and structure of the biomass produced. The empirical material was measurements of biomass for 63 pines (21 for each of the I, II, and III Kraft classes). The total aboveground biomass of the trees was calculated as sum of following fractions: stem wood, stem bark, living branches, dead branches, shoots, needles and cones. It has been found that with a decrease of biosocial position of tree the share of a stem increases while share of branches in the overall biomass of the tree decreases. On the other hand biosocial position does not affect significantly the share of needles, dead branches and cones.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2013, 157, 10; 737-746
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ właściwości inicjalnych gleb na wzrost sosny zwyczajnej (Pinus sylvestris L.) na zrekultywowanych powierzchniach zwałowisk kwb "Bełchatów"
The impact of initial soil properties on the growth of scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) on reclaimed surface of spoil bank kwb "Bełchatów"
Autorzy:
Pająk, M.
Pietrzykowski, M.
Krzaklewski, W.
Ochał, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/401626.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
sosna zwyczajna
tereny pogórnicze
rekultywacja
Scots pine
post-mining sites
reclamation
Opis:
W pracy podjęto próbę odpowiedzi na pytanie, które właściwości inicjalnych gleb wpływają pozytywnie lub negatywnie na wzrost sosny zwyczajnej wzrastającej na wierzchowinach zwałowisk KWB "Bełchatów". Badania wykazały, że dodatnio na przeciętny roczny przyrost wysokości sosny na powierzchniach badawczych wpływa przede wszystkim: wyższe pH, większa zawartość kationów zasadowych oraz większa zawartość frakcji pyłu (0,05-0,002 mm) w substracie glebowym. Negatywnie na przyrost drzew wpływa natomiast wzrost udziału frakcji piasku, a w głównej mierze kwasowości hydrolitycznnej substratu glebowego.
This paper concerns the relationships between the properties of soil-substrate and growth of Scots pine planted on the plateaus of spoil bank KWB "Bełchatów". Studies have shown that growth of Scots pine in the research plots is primarily positively affected by: higher pH, contents of base cations and percentage of silt-sized (0.05-0.002 mm) fractions in soil substrate. In the other hand, negative influence on the average tree height growth on the study plots had the content of sand fraction, as well as the hydrolytic acidity in the soil substrate.
Źródło:
Inżynieria Ekologiczna; 2011, 27; 144-152
2081-139X
2392-0629
Pojawia się w:
Inżynieria Ekologiczna
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Struktura grubości wybranych drzewostanów sosnowych wzrastających na zrekultywowanych dla leśnictwa obiektach pogórniczych
Diameter structure of selected pine stands growing on post-mining sites reclaimed for forestry
Autorzy:
Ochał, W.
Pająk, M.
Pietrzykowski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1009479.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
tereny pogornicze
zwalowiska pogornicze
wyrobiska gornicze
rekultywacja lesna
drzewostany sosnowe
cechy taksacyjne
drzewa lesne
sosna zwyczajna
Pinus sylvestris
struktura grubosci
rozklad statystyczny
diameter structure
scots pine
normal distribution
rehabilitated land
poland
Opis:
The paper presents the results of the research on tree diameter structure in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands growing on mine dumps and pits reclaimed for forestry. The diameter structure of stands was characterised using statistical concentration and dispersion measures and compared with five theoretical distributions: beta, gamma, logarithmic−normal, normal and Weibull's. The studies were conducted in eight pine stands in age classes I (below 20) and II (21−40) age classes growing on the rehabilitated areas of the Bełchatów, Piaseczno, Szczakowa and Smolnica mines.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2010, 154, 05; 323-332
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Synthesis and transformation of 4-dichloromethylsulfonyl-2-nitrophenylsulfenyl chloride into new compounds with potential pesticidal activity
Autorzy:
Ochal, Z.
Bialkowski, W.
Banach, L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/55027.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
sulphenyl chloride
4-chlorophenyldichloromethyl sulphone
4-dichloromethylsulphonyl-2-nitrophenylsulphenyl chloride
pesticide
sulphenamide
synthesis
new compound
Opis:
The synthesis of 4-dichloromethylsulfonyl-2-nitrophenylsulfenyl chloride and its transformation into new compounds with promising pesticidal activity is reported. The title compounds were obtained by a three-step synthesis, starting from 4-dichloromethylchlorophenyl sulfone. It was nitrated and then subjected to the SNAr reaction with sodium disulfide to give proper diphenyl disulfide, which was next chlorinated by chlorine. The obtained phenylsulfenyl chloride was transformed into sulfenamide derivatives by reactions with amines.
Źródło:
Pestycydy; 2009, 1-4; 5-14
0208-8703
Pojawia się w:
Pestycydy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 23

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