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Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6
Tytuł:
Microemulsion and microemulsion based gel of Zaleplon for transdermal delivery: Preparation, optimization, and evaluation
Autorzy:
Naeem, Muhammad
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/895597.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-06-28
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Farmaceutyczne
Tematy:
Microemulsion components
MEBG
BBD
physicochemical properties
in vitro studies
In Vivo studies
Opis:
In this work solubility and permeability of BCS II drug Zaleplon was increased by loading it into microemulsion which in turns enhance bioavailability. Carbomer 940 was incorporated to fabricate microemulsion based gel (MEBG) which sustained transdermal delivery. Solubility studies screened Castor oil, Tween 80 (surfactant), and Polyethylene glycol 200 (co-surfactant) for preparing Microemulsion. Pseudoternary phase diagrams were used to find out microemulsion region. Box Behnken Design (BBD) was used to optimize microemulsions which were initially investigation for physicochemical characteristics. Oil, Smix and water; Q24, Flux and lag time were selected as independent and dependent variables, respectively. Franz diffusion cell was used to compare in vitro permeability of optimized microemulsions across Rabbit skin. Variables were related using mathematical equations and response surface plots. MEBG was compared for stability, in-vitro drug permeation, skin irritation and anti-inflammatory studies using control gel and in-vivo bioavailability study with oral tablet. Microemulsions showed physiological pH of 5.36 - 5.98, conductivity of 140 - 186 μS/cm, isotropic value of 1.340 - 1.417, average droplet size of 63 - 89 nm, homogeneity, droplet size of 53 - 161 cP and spherical shape. Predicted values of optimized microemulsions were in reasonable agreement with experimental values. Formulations were stable and non-irritating to the skin. Significant difference was investigated when comparing percent inhibition of edema of MEBG (85%) and control gel (42%) with standard. MEBG behavior differed significantly from oral tablet formulation in vivo bioavailability. Such BBD based estimation will reduce time and cost in drug designing, delivery and targeting.
Źródło:
Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica - Drug Research; 2019, 76, 3; 543-561
0001-6837
2353-5288
Pojawia się w:
Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica - Drug Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
On Edge H-Irregularity Strengths of Some Graphs
Autorzy:
Naeem, Muhammad
Siddiqui, Muhammad Kamran
Bača, Martin
Semaničová-Feňovčíková, Andrea
Ashraf, Faraha
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/32225869.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-11-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Wydział Matematyki, Informatyki i Ekonometrii
Tematy:
prism
antiprism
triangular ladder
diagonal ladder
wheel
gear graph
H-irregular edge labeling
edge H-irregularity strength
Opis:
For a graph G an edge-covering of G is a family of subgraphs H1, H2, . . ., Ht such that each edge of E(G) belongs to at least one of the subgraphs Hi, i = 1, 2, . . ., t. In this case we say that G admits an (H1, H2, . . ., Ht)-(edge) covering. An H-covering of graph G is an (H1, H2, . . ., Ht)-(edge) covering in which every subgraph Hi is isomorphic to a given graph H. Let G be a graph admitting H-covering. An edge k-labeling α : E(G) → {1, 2, . . ., k} is called an H-irregular edge k-labeling of the graph G if for every two different subgraphs H′ and H′′ isomorphic to H their weights wtα(H′) and wtα(H′″) are distinct. The weight of a subgraph H under an edge k-labeling is the sum of labels of edges belonging to H. The edge H-irregularity strength of a graph G, denoted by ehs(G, H), is the smallest integer k such that G has an H-irregular edge k-labeling. In this paper we determine the exact values of ehs(G, H) for prisms, antiprisms, triangular ladders, diagonal ladders, wheels and gear graphs. Moreover the subgraph H is isomorphic to only C4, C3 and K4.
Źródło:
Discussiones Mathematicae Graph Theory; 2021, 41, 4; 949-961
2083-5892
Pojawia się w:
Discussiones Mathematicae Graph Theory
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Seismic evaluation of deficient reinforced concrete weak beam-column joint frames
Autorzy:
Rizwan, Muhammad
Ahmad, Naveed
Khan, Akhtar Naeem
Fahad, Muhammad
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1849753.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
rama żelbetowa
moment wyjątkowy
rama odporna
współczynnik modyfikacji odpowiedzi
połączenie belka-słup
odpowiedź sejsmiczna
reinforced concrete
frame structure
special moment
resisting frame
response modification factor
beam-column joint
seismic response
Opis:
The use of old building design codes and improper execution of recent seismic design practices have caused large amount of substandard and vulnerable reinforced concrete RC building stock majority of which are built with weak beam-column joint connections defect (i.e. joint panel having no transverse reinforcement and built in low strength concrete). In order to understand the seismic response and damage behaviour of recent special moment resisting frame SMRF structures with the defect of weak beam-column joints, shake table tests have been performed on two 1:3 reduced scaled, two story RC frame models. The representative reference code design and weak beam-column joint frame models were subjected to uni-directional dynamic excitations of increasing intensities using the natural record of 1994 Northridge Earthquake. The input scaled excitations were applied from 5% to 130% of the maximum input peak ground acceleration record, to deformed the test models from elastic to inelastic stage and then to fully plastic incipient collapse stage. The weak beam-column frame experienced column flexure cracking, longitudinal bar-slip in beam members and observed with cover concrete spalling and severe damageability of the joint panels upon subjected to multiple dynamic excitations. The deficient frame was only able to resist 40% of the maximum acceleration input as compared to the code design frame which was able to resist about 130%. The seismic performance of considered RC frames was evaluated in terms of seismic response parameters (seismic response modification, overstrength and displacement ductility factors), for critical comparison.
Źródło:
Archives of Civil Engineering; 2020, 66, 4; 429-451
1230-2945
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Civil Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Physical Properties of $CsSnM_3$ (M = Cl, Br, I): A First Principle Study
Autorzy:
Hayatullah, -
Murtaza, G.
Muhammad, S.
Naeem, S.
Khalid, M.
Manzar, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1399518.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013-07
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
71.15.Mb
71.22.+i
71.15.Ap
Opis:
First principle calculations are carried out to investigate the structural, electronic and optical properties of cubic perovskites $CsSnM_3$ (M = Cl, Br, I). The theoretically calculated lattice constants are found to be in good agreement with the experimentally measured values as compared to previous calculations. It is found that these perovskites are direct band gap semiconductors. The electrons densities reveal strong ionic bonding between Cs and halide cations while strong covalent bonding between Sn and halide cations. Optical properties of these compounds like real and imaginary parts of the dielectric functions, refractive indices, extinction coefficients, reflectivities, optical conductivities and absorption coefficients are calculated. The direct band gap nature and high absorption power of these compounds in the infrared, visible and ultraviolet energy range predicts that these perovskites can be used in optical and optoelectronic devices working in this range of the spectrum.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2013, 124, 1; 102-107
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Ties That Bind: Do Brand Attachment and Brand Passion Translate Into Consumer Purchase Intention?
Autorzy:
Gilal, Faheem
Gilal, Naeem
Gilal, Rukhsana
Gon, Zhenxing
Gilal, Waseem
Tunio, Muhammad
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1933750.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Akademia Leona Koźmińskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
brand attachment
brand passion
purchase intention
product involvement
young consumers
Opis:
Purpose: Drawing from attachment theory and categorization theory, the present study aims to investigate the effects of brand attachment and brand passion on consumer purchase intention, and to explore the moderation effect of product involvement (i.e.a low-involvement convenience product vs. a high-involvement shopping product) in these relationships. Design/methodology/approach: To bridge this gap, we recruited n = 205 young consumers to test the hypotheses using AMOS 24.0 and SPSS 24.0. Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation modeling, and moderation analysis techniques were used as data analysis methods. Findings: Results show that when brand attachment and brand passion were assessed, the brand passion has the highest effect on purchase intention. Moreover, our data reveal that brand attachment is more likely to lead to consumer purchase intention for convenience products, while brand passion is more promising for increasing consumer purchase intention for high-involvement shopping products. Finally, we provide a detailed discussion of how these results can be applied to both research and practice. Implications: This study offers recommendations for how practitioners can strengthen purchase intentions of convenience and shopping brands in emerging markets. Originality/value: This study is the first to prove that brand attachment is a driver of purchase intention of low-involvement convenience brands, whereas brand passion is a more prominent predictor of the purchase intention of high-involvement shopping brands.
Źródło:
Central European Management Journal; 2021, 29(1); 14-38
2658-0845
2658-2430
Pojawia się w:
Central European Management Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Multi-Response Optimisation for the Development of an Activated Carbon Web as Interlining for Higher Electrical Conductivity and EMI Shielding Using Grey Relational Analysis
Zastosowanie metody wielokrotnej odpowiedzi do optymalizacji siatki z węgla aktywnego jako warstwy pośredniej zapewniającej wyższą przewodność elektryczną i ekranowanie EMI przy użyciu szarej analizy relacyjnej
Autorzy:
Naeem, M. Salman
Ahmad, Naseer
Javed, Zafar
Jabbar, Abdul
Rehman, Ateeq ur
Zubair, Muhammad
Gilani, Syed Qummer Zia
Ahmad, Zuhaib
Karahan, Mehmet
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1419891.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Biopolimerów i Włókien Chemicznych
Tematy:
activated carbon
stabilisation
carbonisation
electromagnetic shielding
węgiel aktywny
stabilizacja
karbonizacja
ekranowanie elektromagnetyczne
Opis:
This paper presents a simple and novel method of producing an activated carbon (AC) non-woven web from acrylic waste derived from discarded bathmats converted into a nonwoven web by a carding and needle punching machine. After stabilisation at lower temperature, carbonisation of the stabilised web was performed in a muffle furnace. The carbonisation temperature, the holding time of the activated carbon web at the final temperature, the heating rate to reach the final carbonisation temperature and the number of steps adopted for developing the carbon web were optimised using the grey relational analysis (GRA) approach to get optimum responses of the surface area of the web, electrical conductivity and electromagnetic shielding. The results demonstrated a large improvement in electrical conductivity as surface resistivity decreased from 134.21 Ω.mm to 0.28 Ω.mm, and the corresponding electromagnetic shielding increased to 82.63 dB when the temperature of the carbonisation, the holding time and number of steps were increased. The surface area in the AC web was increased from 73 m2g-1 to 210 m2g-1 with an increase in the carbonisation temperature, the holding time and number of steps to reach the final temperature. The optimisation technique used in this work could be successfully used in cost and error reductionwhile producing an AC web. The optimised AC web was characterised by Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET), X-ray diffraction characterisation and elemental analysis (EDX) in order to determine changes in its structure, surface area, degree of crystallinity, inter-layer spacing and proportion of different elements. The AC web developed can be effectively employed as interlining in apparels because of its flexibility and eco-friendly electromagnetic shielding, as it works on the principle of the absorption, reflections and internal reflections of electromagnetic radiations.
W artykule przedstawiono prostą i nowatorską metodę wytwarzania włókniny z węgla aktywnego (AC) z odpadów akrylowych pochodzących z wyrzuconych dywaników łazienkowych przekształconych we włókninę za pomocą zgrzeblarki i igłownicy. Po stabilizacji w niskiej temperaturze karbonizację stabilizowanej wstęgi przeprowadzono w piecu muflowym. Temperatura karbonizacji, czas utrzymywania wstęgi węgla aktywnego w temperaturze końcowej, szybkość nagrzewania do osiągnięcia końcowej temperatury karbonizacji oraz liczba kroków przyjętych do opracowania sieci węglowej zostały zoptymalizowane przy użyciu metody szarej analizy relacyjnej (GRA), tak aby uzyskać optymalne odpowiedzi pola powierzchni wstęgi, przewodnictwa elektrycznego i ekranowania elektromagnetycznego. Wyniki wykazały dużą poprawę przewodności elektrycznej, ponieważ rezystywność powierzchniowa spadła z 134.21 do 0.28 Ω.mm, a ekranowanie elektromagnetyczne wzrosło do 82.63 dB, gdy temperatura karbonizacji, czas utrzymywania i liczba kroków zostały zwiększone. Pole powierzchni we wstędze AC wzrosło z 73 m2g-1 do 210 m2g-1 wraz ze wzrostem temperatury karbonizacji, czasu przetrzymywania i liczby kroków do osiągnięcia temperatury końcowej. Technika optymalizacji zastosowana w pracy może być z powodzeniem stosowana do redukcji kosztów i błędów podczas produkcji sieci AC. W celu określenia zmian w strukturze, powierzchni, stopniu krystaliczności, odstępach międzywarstwowych i proporcjach elementów dokonano analiz Brunauera, Emmetta i Tellera (BET) oraz charakterystyki dyfrakcji rentgenowskiej i analizy elementarnej (EDX) Opracowana siatka może być skutecznie stosowana jako wkładka w odzieży ze względu na jej elastyczność i przyjazne dla środowiska ekranowanie elektromagnetyczne, ponieważ działa na zasadzie pochłaniania i wewnętrznych odbić promieniowania elektromagnetycznego.
Źródło:
Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe; 2021, 1 (145); 57-65
1230-3666
2300-7354
Pojawia się w:
Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
    Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6

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