- Tytuł:
- Secondhand smoke exposure within semi-open air cafes and tobacco specific 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) concentrations among nonsmoking employees
- Autorzy:
-
Vardavas, Constantine I.
Karabela, Maria
Agaku, Israel T.
Matsunaga, Yuko
Myridakis, Antonis
Kouvarakis, Antonis
Stephanou, Euripides G.
Lymperi, Maria
Behrakis, Panagiotis K. - Powiązania:
- https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2178907.pdf
- Data publikacji:
- 2014-10-01
- Wydawca:
- Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
- Tematy:
-
PM2.5
occupational exposure
NNAL
second hand smoke
hospitality venue
semi open - Opis:
- Objectives: Secondhand smoke (SHS) is a defined occupational hazard. The association though between SHS exposure in semi-open air venues and tobacco specific carcinogen uptake is an area of debate. Material and Methods: A cross sectional survey of 49 semi-open air cafes in Athens, Greece was performed during the summer of 2008, prior to the adoption of the national smoke free legislation. All venues had at least 1 entire wall open to allow for free air exchange. Indoor concentrations of particulate matter smaller than 2.5 microns ($\text{PM}_\text{2.5}$) attributable to SHS were assessed during a work shift, while 1 non-smoking employee responsible for indoor and outdoor table service from each venue provided a post work shift urine sample for analysis of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL). Results: Post work shift NNAL concentrations were correlated with work shift $\text{PM}_\text{2.5}$ concentrations attributable to SHS (r = 0.376, p = 0.0076). Urinary NNAL concentrations among employees increased by 9.5%, per 10 μg/m³ increase in $\text{PM}_\text{2.5}$ concentrations attributable to SHS after controlling for the time of day and day of week. Conclusions: These results indicate that the commonly proposed practice of maintaining open sliding walls as a means of free air exchange does not lead to the elimination of employee exposure to tobacco specific carcinogens attributable to workplace SHS.
- Źródło:
-
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2014, 27, 5; 875-881
1232-1087
1896-494X - Pojawia się w:
- International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
- Dostawca treści:
- Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł