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Tytuł:
Występowanie rotawirusów w środowisku wodnym
Occurrence of rotawiruses in water environment
Autorzy:
Kocwa-Haluch, R.
Michalec, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/237556.pdf
Data publikacji:
2002
Wydawca:
Polskie Zrzeszenie Inżynierów i Techników Sanitarnych
Tematy:
mikroorganizmy chorobotwórcze
rotawirusy
infekcje rotawirusowe
środowisko wodne
Opis:
Rotaviruses are amongst the most dangerous enteric microorganisms. The mortality rate due to rotaviral infections all over the world varies from four to five million deaths every year. Rotaviruses are responsible for the occurrence of severe diarrhea, which is particularly dangerous in infants, young children, elderly subjects and transplant patients. The reported study concentrates on two major items: the environment where rotaviruses are detected (untreated and treated sewage, sewage sludge, surface water, groundwater, water used for recreational needs, drinking water), and the pathway of rotavirus migration from the source of contamination to the system of tap water supply. Of the waterborne enteric viruses, rotaviruses are characterized by the highest infectivity. And this calls for special precautions and safety measures, primarily for a strict hygiene regimen, for efficacious disinfectants, and for the application of efficient sewage treatment trains. A prerequisite to achieve these goals is to make the public alert to any possible dangers resulting from rotaviral infections.
Źródło:
Ochrona Środowiska; 2002, 1; 17-20
1230-6169
Pojawia się w:
Ochrona Środowiska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zmienność wybranych cech makrostruktury i gęstości drewna dębu czerwonego (Quercus rubra L.) z Polski południowo-wschodniej
Variability of selected macrostructural features and the wood density of northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) from south-eastern Poland
Autorzy:
Wąsik, R.
Michalec, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/979284.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
red oak
sapwood
annual rings
latewood
density
Opis:
The aim of the paper was to determine the variability of selected macrostructural features and wood density for northern red oak growing in south−eastern Poland. On 4 study plots, we sampled each tree, taking an increment core from the northern side of the trunk, from the height of 1.3 m. The number of tree rings, width and the share of sapwood was measured. The cores were scanned and then tree ring and latewood widths were measured. The latewood proportion in each ring was calculated. Next, starting from the bark, the cores were divided into sections containing 10 annual rings. The relative wood density was determined for each section, then the density was calculated for entire stem cross−section. The mean sapwood width was 1.5 cm. It included 7 annual rings on average, and its share in the trunk cross−sectional area reached 17%. Younger red oaks (II and III age classes) had a significantly higher share of sapwood compared to older trees (IV and V age classes). The investigated red oaks formed narrow−ring wood with an average width of 2.16 mm. The trees growing on deciduous forest habitat had a more equal tree ring width compared to trees from coniferous forest habitats, where this feature showed also higher variability. The latewood proportion in the studied red oaks was 60% on average. The mean relative wood density was 0.578 g/cm3 and it was slightly higher than the value given for red oaks growing in North America. The calculated absolute density (with an assumed volumetric shrinkage from 12.9 to 13.7%) varied from 0.664 to 0.670 g/cm3. It classifies the investigated wood as moderately heavy. Similar density values are given for native oaks, which allows to assume that the technical quality of the wood of red oaks growing in Poland is similar to native oak species. The wood of trees from deciduous forest habitat showed a significantly higher density and a more equal distribution compared to the trees from coniferous forest sites. The raw material of red oaks obtained from deciduous forest habitats should characterize by a better technical quality of wood in comparison with that obtained from coniferous forest sites.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2020, 164, 10; 850-859
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Image analysis in wood testing - selected examples
Analiza obrazu w badaniach drewna - wybrane przykłady
Autorzy:
Wąsik, R.
Michalec, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/93704.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Rolniczej
Tematy:
anatomy
macrostructure
wood
image analysis
anatomia
makrostruktura
drewno
analiza obrazu
Opis:
This paper is a review article which presents examples of application of the image analysis in wood testing. The objective of the paper was to present selected research methods with the use of image analysis used in the research on anatomy and macro-structure of wood carried out in the Department of Forest and Wood Utilization of the Institute of Forest Utilization and Forest Technology of the University of Agriculture in Krakow. In the part concerning research on wood anatomy the following areas of application of the image analysis were indicated: identification of wood species and variability of the selected parameters of the anatomic structure with special attention to coniferous trees. In the part concerning the research on macro-structure of wood, methodology of collection and preparation of wood samples and measurement of the most important properties of the macrostructure was described with the use of the image analysis program. Moreover, the selected areas of practical application of the results of such analysis were indicated.
Niniejsza praca jest artykułem przeglądowym, prezentującym przykłady zastosowania analizy obrazu w badaniach drewna. Celem pracy było przedstawienie wybranych metod badawczych z zastosowaniem analizy obrazu, wykorzystywanych w badaniach anatomii i makrostruktury drewna, prowadzonych w Zakładzie Użytkowania Lasu i Drewna, Instytutu Użytkowania Lasu i Techniki Leśnej Uniwersytetu Rolniczego im. Hugona Kołłątaja w Krakowie. W części dotyczącej badań anatomii drewna wskazano na takie obszary zastosowania analizy obrazu jak: identyfikacja gatunku drewna oraz zmienność wybranych parametrów jego budowy anatomicznej, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem gatunków iglastych. W części dotyczącej badań cech makrostruktury drewna opisano metodykę pobrania i przygotowania próbek drewna oraz pomiaru najważniejszych cech makrostruktury przy pomocy programu do analizy obrazu. Wskazano także wybrane obszary praktycznego zastosowania wyników takiej analizy.
Źródło:
Agricultural Engineering; 2016, 20, 3; 183-195
2083-1587
Pojawia się w:
Agricultural Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kształtowanie się szerokości przyrostów rocznych i wytrzymałości na zginanie statyczne drewna kasztanowców białych (Aesculus hippocastanum L.) w warunkach środowiska miejskiego
Formation of the annual rings width and bending strength of horse chestnuts wood (Aesculus hippocastanum L.) in urban environment
Autorzy:
Wasik, R.
Barszcz, A.
Michalec, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/881519.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Leśny Zakład Doświadczalny. Centrum Edukacji Przyrodniczo-Leśnej w Rogowie
Tematy:
miasta
drzewa lisciaste
kasztanowiec bialy
Aesculus hippocastanum
drewno kasztanowca
przyrosty roczne
sloje przyrostu rocznego
szerokosc
wytrzymalosc na zginanie statyczne
Źródło:
Studia i Materiały Centrum Edukacji Przyrodniczo-Leśnej; 2014, 16, 2B[39]
1509-1414
Pojawia się w:
Studia i Materiały Centrum Edukacji Przyrodniczo-Leśnej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Jakość surowca świerkowego pochodzącego z drzewostanów naturalnych (rezerwatowych) i drzewostanów pełniących funkcje gospodarcze
The quality of spruce timber from natural stands (forest reserves) and managed stands
Autorzy:
Michalec, K.
Barszcz, A.
Wasik, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/52586.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Technologii Drewna
Tematy:
drzewostany swierkowe
drzewostany naturalne
drzewostany gospodarcze
surowce drzewne
drzewa lesne
swierk
drewno swierkowe
jakosc
struktura jakosciowa
wady drewna
Opis:
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki analizy porównawczej jakości surowca świerkowego pochodzącego z drzewostanów naturalnych (rezerwatowych) i drzewostanów pełniących funkcje gospodarcze. W analizach uwzględniono również wady drewna wpływające na wyniki klasyfikacji badanego surowca oraz częstotliwość ich występowania. Wytypowane do badań drzewostany zlokalizowane były w terenach górskich: w Sudetach i Karpatach. W wyniku przeprowadzonych analiz stwierdzono, że nieznacznie lepsze pod względem jakości surowca drzewnego są w porównaniu z drzewostanami naturalnymi (rezerwatowymi) drzewostany pełniące funkcje gospodarcze.
The aim of this study is to determine the variation in the quality structure of spruce timber and to analyze the frequency of occurrence of trees with defects, including the generic structure of defects in natural stands (forest reserves) and stands serving economic functions. The study was conducted on 20 experimental plots located within the Sudeten and Carpathian Mountains, of which 10 were located in the area of nature reserves or national parks while the other 10 - in the managed stands (table 1). Each experimental plot constituted 5 or 10% of the area of the whole stand, depending on its differentiation. The following tasks were performed on the experimental plots: measurement of the breast-height diameter of each tree with a thickness of at least 7 cm, measurement of the height of each tree, quality assessment of the first section of the tree stem from the base along with its quality-dimensional class or group [Zasady... 2003], recording the types and varieties of wood defects. Analyzing the research material obtained, the stem of each tree growing on an experimental plot underwent simulated division into sections corresponding to the quality-dimensional classes and groups which could theoretically be distinguished over the whole length of a stem up to its top. The starting point was the quality-dimensional class noted in the butt section of the stem (section 1) during the field research. The above tasks included the use of the Radwański tables [Roczniki... 1956], which allowed the determination of the size and volume of each section of the spruce stems on the basis of the breast-height diameter and the tree height; wood defects, noted in field, were also taken into account. The material obtained was divided into 2 groups: data from the reserves and from the managed stands. For the material grouped in this way, juxtapositions were made of the average volumes of individual stem sections in quality-dimensional classes and groups of timber and the percentages of particular timber classes and groups in the two stand types were calculated. The material was also analyzed taking into account the generic structure of defects (percentages of individual trees with particular wood defects in a given group of stands). The next stage consisted in statistical analyses using the U-Mann-Whitney test, examining the significance of differences in the quality-dimensional structure of timber and the share of trees with defects between the two groups of stands. The research showed that trees growing in natural stands (reserves) are characterized by a greater average height, thickness (d1.3 and d1/2) and volume of individual trees as compared with the same characteristics of spruce trees in managed stands (table 2). Also, the average volume of the large-sized timber sections (WA, WB1, WB, WC, WD) of individual trees from natural forests dominated the volume of tree sections in managed stands. Despite that fact, the volume/ha of natural forest stands was lower (355.91 m3/ha) than of managed stands (380.27 m3/ha). By analyzing the quality-dimensional structure of the examined timber it was found that the proportion of higher quality timber classes (WA and WB) prevails in the managed stands, resulting in a lower share of the WC class of timber (fig. 1). Only the share of WB1 class timber prevails in natural stands. The managed stands also showed a larger share of medium-sized timber (groups S1, S2 and S4) as compared to natural forests. TheU-Mann-Whitney statistical test, however, did not show statistically significant differences in the timber quality structure between the natural and the managed stands (U = 49.00, Z = -0.0378, p = 0.9698). Subsequently, it was found that the proportion of trees with quality reduced by defects was higher in the natural stands (70.38%) as compared to the managed stands (67.13%). The main defect, decisive for timber quality, were knots (in both groups of stands). The share of trees with that defect was greater in the stands of natural origin (fig. 2). In those stands, there was also a larger share of trees with rot (external and internal rot) and unilateral curvatures. The managed stands demonstrated a share of injuries (overgrown and open ones) as well as bilateral and multilateral curvatures that was higher than in the natural stands. In conclusion, it should be emphasized that in the managed stands within the research area a higher quality of spruce timber as well as higher volume/ha were noted as compared to the natural stands (forest reserves). Stands in forest reserves are generally located at higher altitudes in the mountains or hardly accessible areas; their main purpose are protective functions, they also serve the purposes of research. In the stands situated in forest reserves there was reported, in comparison with the managed stands, a higher incidence of trees with a large number of knots and highly affected by rot. A frequent presence of such defects is inevitable there because this group does not undergo any management cuts that would improve timber quality. Moreover, the presence of rot is due to the advanced age of these stands. At the same time, what is disturbing is a large share of trees with injuriesin the managed stands. Given that spruce is very sensitive to mechanical damage of the stem, resulting in rapid development of rot, caution is recommended during forest management work and harvesting in spruce stands.
Źródło:
Drewno. Prace Naukowe. Doniesienia. Komunikaty; 2013, 56, 189
1644-3985
Pojawia się w:
Drewno. Prace Naukowe. Doniesienia. Komunikaty
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zmienność wybranych cech makrostruktury i gęstości drewna świerkowego (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) pochodzącego z drzewostanów rosnących na różnych siedliskowych typach lasu
Variability of selected features of macrostructure and density of Norway spruce wood (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) from stands growing in different forest habitats
Autorzy:
Michalec, K.
Wasik, R.
Barszcz, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/979499.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
drzewostany rebne
swierk pospolity
Picea abies
drewno swierkowe
makrostruktura
sloje przyrostu rocznego
szerokosc
gestosc drewna
czynniki siedliska
typy siedliskowe lasu
common beech
provenance
variability
silvicultural value
Opis:
This paper presents the genetic variability in the growth parameters and morphological traits, as well as the silvicultural quality of progeny of 23 European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) provenances from south−eastern Poland. The research was conducted on the experimental plot established in the Łosie Forest District in spring 2006. After 10 years, during the spring and autumn, we determined and measured the spring phenology and survival rate, the diameter at breast height (dbh), the tree height, and the straightness of trunk. The results obtained point out the considerable variability of analysed features, both within and between different beech populations (tab.). Highest and lowest survival rates are noted for the beeches from Lutowiska and Leżajsk (populations 451 and 461), respectively (fig. 2). Lowest mean height and dbh were achieved by beeches from Bircza (453), while the tallest and broadest trees were from the Kielce population (390) (fig. 3−4). The overall silvicultural assessment based on survival, height, dbh, spring phenological phases and straightness of the trunk revealed that the most valuable populations of beech are those originating from Kielce (390), Bircza (454), Strzyżów (459), Lesko (452), Rymanów (457) and Lutowiska (451). In turn, the analysis resulted in least favourable assessments for beeches from Bircza (453) and Gromnik (362). Thus, we confirmed also that trees of local origin are not always best−adapted to (and do not always grow best in) the place they originate from. The obtained results are highly relevant from the principles of creating the seed source regions for beech in Poland, as the proper selection of a population for the given place of growth may yield benefits for forest ecology and management.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2019, 163, 03; 188-197
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zmienność wybranych cech makrostruktury i gęstości drewna świerkowego (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) z regla dolnego i górnego
Variability of selected macrostructural features and density of Picea abies (L.) Karst. wood from lower and upper subalpine forest zones
Autorzy:
Michalec, K.
Wąsik, R.
Barszcz, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989498.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
wysokosc nad poziomem morza
lesnictwo
lasy gorskie
regiel gorny
regiel dolny
drzewa lesne
swierk pospolity
Picea abies
drewno swierkowe
drewno pozne
gestosc drewna
sloje przyrostu rocznego
szerokosc
czynniki siedliska
tree−ring width
latewood share
height above mean sea level
Opis:
The paper compares the properties of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) wood from stands growing in the lower and upper subalpine forest zone in terms of the tree−ring width, the share of latewood and the wood density. The investigation concerned material originating from plots established within the boundaries of the south−western incidence of spruce in Poland. Plots were located in the Sudety Mts. and in the Carpathians (tab. 1). On each plot fifteen Norway spruces were chosen and increment cores were sampled using the Pressler borer. The surface of the cores was smoothed and the tree−ring width was measured. The latewood zones were determined and the share of latewood was calculated. Then, the cores were divided into 2 cm sections, for which the relative wood density was determined. Tree−rings were wider in trees growing in the lower when compared with those from the upper subalpine forest zone (tab. 2). Weak negative correlation was revealed between the elevation and the tree−ring width (r=–0.308). The latewood share was slightly higher in trees from the upper than those from the lower subalpine forest zone (tab. 2). However, no statistically significant correlation between the latewood share and elevation was recorded. The wood density was slightly lower in trees from the lower than those from the upper subalpine forest zone (tab. 2), but the difference was not statistically significant. The correlation between the wood density and the elevation turned out to be insignificant.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2016, 160, 10; 855-860
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ zanieczyszczeń przemysłowych na zawartość olejków eterycznych i witaminy C w cetynie i igliwiu sosny zwyczajnej
Influence of industrial pollution on the content of essential oils and vitamin C in twigs and needles of Scots pine
Autorzy:
Michalec, K.
Barszcz, A.
Wąsik, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989821.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
drzewa lesne
sosna zwyczajna
Pinus sylvestris
cetyna sosnowa
igliwie sosnowe
zawartosc olejkow eterycznych
zawartosc witaminy C
zanieczyszczenia przemyslowe
tillman method
deryng method
active substances
zones of industrial damages
Opis:
The paper concerns the impact of air pollution on the content of essential oils in Scots pine twigs and vitamin C in Scots pine needles. The material used for examination of essential oils content was obtained from two locations: area within the former Aluminium Smelter in Skawina, the other sample was collected in the territory of Rudnik Forest District (southern Poland). Cetin was obtained manually from standing or felled trees. Essential oils content was determined by means of Deryng apparatus. The material used for examination of vitamin C content came from three locations: Chrzanów Forest District, Dąbrowa Tarnowska Forest Distric and the Special Economic Zone located in the area of Mielec Forest District (southern Poland). Vitamin C content in pine needles was determined by Tillman method. The content of essential oils in pine twigs in stands under smaller influence of air pollution was nearly twice the amount in twigs coming from stands under greater influence of this factor. In less polluted stands the content of essential oils in twigs increased as they grew older, whereas, in stands being more exposed to industrial influence the opposite tendency was observed. We recorded that the amount of vitamin C in pine needles coming from stands under greater influence of industry was by ca. 30% smaller than in the material collected from stands less affected by industrial pollution. In both groups of the stands, the highest content of vitamin C was detected in needles from the youngest (age class I) as well as the oldest (age class V) stands. The content of essential oils in twigs as well as vitamin C in pine needles may be considered as the indicator of the environmental pollution degree.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2015, 159, 06; 516-522
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Obecność martwic na pniach drzew stojących a jakość i wartość surowca dębowego
Necroses occurring on trunks of standing trees against the quality and the value of oak timber
Autorzy:
Michalec, K.
Wąsik, R.
Gruchała, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989907.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
drzewa lesne
dab
drzewa stojace
uszkodzenia mechaniczne
martwice drewna
drewno debowe
jakosc
timber damage
defects
mechanical injuries
timber classification
rot
Opis:
This paper aimed to evaluate the impact of necroses occurring on trunks of standing oak trees on their wood quality and value. The research was carried out in five study plots situated in the Meszcze Forestry, Piotrków Forest District (central Poland). The investigations covered: measuring the diameter at breast height of every injured tree with diameter ≥7 cm, estimating the length of the trunk fragment that should be cut off to remove the defect, the assessment of the quality and size of the 3−m butt−end fragment of a trunk, excluding the detected damage or rot (classification I), as well as the quality and size assessment of the same trunk fragment, though including the encountered defect (classification II). The theoretical volume of timber within the particular quality classes was computed (WAt, WBt, WCt and WDt). Afterwards, the real volumes (WAr, WBr, WCr and WDr) were compared with those of groups S2r and S4r. Based on the analysis of the quantity of damaged trees in the investigated trial plots, the lowest share of such specimens was recorded in the compartment 2a (1.6% of defective trees). Whereas, the highest share of damaged trees was encountered in the compartment 39a (8.5%). The timber of more valuable large−sized classes 'migrated', due to damages, to the groups of medium−sized timber (S2 or S4). With respect to the total volume of timber within the particular classes and groups, the greatest loss was reported in the WB class. The timber in question 'migrated' mostly to the group S2, though a part of it was classified to the group S4 as well. The established decrease in the timber value, due to damages to trunks, accounted for ca. 26%, which amounted to ca. 5.8 thous. PLN, in relation to the entire investigated material. The obtained results indicated the necessity to reduce the damages occurring in oak stands and remove the injured trees as soon as possible to avoid a significant depreciation and a value loss of raw wood.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2015, 159, 09; 740-746
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Variability in static bending strength of the "Taborz" Scots pine wood (Pinus sylvestris L.)
Autorzy:
Wasik, R.
Michalec, K.
Mudryk, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/52447.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Technologii Drewna
Tematy:
variability
static bending strength
Taborz Scotch pine
pine wood
Scotch pine
Pinus sylvestris
Źródło:
Drewno. Prace Naukowe. Doniesienia. Komunikaty; 2016, 59, 196
1644-3985
Pojawia się w:
Drewno. Prace Naukowe. Doniesienia. Komunikaty
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The variability of certain macrostructural features and the density of grand fir (Abies grandis Lindl.) wood from selected stands in southern Poland
Autorzy:
Wasik, R.
Michalec, K.
Barszcz, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/52635.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Technologii Drewna
Tematy:
variability
certain tissue
macrostructural parameter
density
grand fir
Abies grandis
wood
stand
Polska
Opis:
The paper presents the results of investigations into the variability of certain features of the wood macrostructure, such as the width of the annual ring, the share of late wood, and the relative density of the wood of grand fir, growing in four stands in southern Poland. The trees under investigation were 30-35 years old. The research material consisted of incremental cores sampled from trial trees with the use of a Pressler borer. The examined wood features were analysed in sections, each one comprising five annual rings. The rings were given numbers, sorted in an ascending order from the trunk circumference. The mean values of the analysed features were as follows: the annual ring width – 4.38 mm, the share of late wood - 35.39%, the relative wood density – 0.354g·cm-3. It was established that the wood of grand firs growing on less fertile soils had significantly narrower annual rings and higher wood density than those on more fertile soils.
Źródło:
Drewno. Prace Naukowe. Doniesienia. Komunikaty; 2015, 58, 195
1644-3985
Pojawia się w:
Drewno. Prace Naukowe. Doniesienia. Komunikaty
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A comparative analysis of pine and beech wood classification according to Polish and EU norms
Autorzy:
Barszcz, A.
Michalec, K.
Wasik, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/52675.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Technologii Drewna
Tematy:
comparative analysis
pine wood
beech wood
wood
classification
Polish standard
European Union standard
pine timber
beech timber
timber defect
Opis:
Investigations were carried out at timber storage sites (depots) on large-sized pine (110 pieces) and beech (130 pieces) wood from three forest districts within the territory of the Regional Directorates of the State Forests (RDSF) of Łódź, Lublin and Kraków. As a result of a comparison of both classification systems, it was proved that in the case of pine wood classified according to EU norms, the shares of the number of pieces and volume in classes B and C decreased, whereas they increased in class D when compared with Polish classification. Analogically, in the case of beech wood, a decrease in the share of the number of pieces and volume in classes A, B and D, and an increase in class C were recorded. Among the most common defects that influence the classification of both sorts of wood, open and burl knots as well as curvatures are recognised, while in the case of beech wood, shakes and galls (disease T stains) are encountered. The results of the classification determined differences in the wood value. According to the pricelists for wood standing in forest districts where the raw wood under investigation originated, it was established that the value of the pine wood classified according to the EU norm decreased by ca. 7.6% when compared with the value estimated using the Polish norm. The value of the beech wood was nearly identical in both cases, which was mainly due to the higher share of wood of class C and lower share of class D upon applying the EU standards, in comparison with the Polish classification system.
Źródło:
Drewno. Prace Naukowe. Doniesienia. Komunikaty; 2014, 57, 193
1644-3985
Pojawia się w:
Drewno. Prace Naukowe. Doniesienia. Komunikaty
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zmienność wybranych cech makrostruktury i gęstości drewna świerkowego pochodzącego z drzewostanów gospodarczych i terenów pogórniczych
Variability of selected features of macrostructure and density of spruce wood from commercial stands and post-mining areas
Autorzy:
Michalec, K.
Wąsik, R.
Pająk, M.
Sikora, F.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/974056.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
tereny zdegradowane
drzewostany gospodarcze
makrostruktura
sloje przyrostu rocznego
leśnictwo
tereny pogórnicze
drzewostany świerkowe
drewno świerkowe
szerokość
drewno późne
gęstość drewna
tree−rings width
latewood share
post−mining areas
reclamation
Opis:
The aim of this work was to analyze the tree−ring width, the share of the latewood as well as the density of wood of trees growing in commercial and degraded stands. The research was carried out in the Brynek Forest District (southern Poland) in 3 commercial stands and in 4 degraded stands. For every study plot fifteen spruces were chosen and increment cores were sampled using the Pressler borer. Next, the surface of the cores was smoothed and the width of the annual rings was measured. Latewood zones were determined and the share of latewood was calculated. It was found that the average and minimum tree−ring width was the same in both commercial and degraded stands, while the maximum values were slightly and insignificantly different. In turn, the average share of latewood was higher in trees from commercial stands, but higher minimum and maximum values were recorded in stands on degraded sites. In this case, the differences turned to be statistically significant. The average density of wood was slightly lower in trees from degraded stands compared to wood from commercial stands (413 vs 418 kg/m3). Theminimum and maximum values were also higher in trees from commercial stands. However, this feature did not show a significant difference between analysed groups of stands. We found that despite such significant differences in the terrain formed during the production of zinc and lead ores, the wood of trees growing in these areas hardly shows any differences (except for the share of latewood) in comparison to wood from commercial stands.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2020, 164, 01; 10-15
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Jakość surowca sosnowego pochodzącego z terenów rekultywowanych dla leśnictwa na przykładzie zwałowiska odpadów po wydobyciu siarki w Piasecznie
Quality of Scots pine wood on the lands reclaimed for forestry - spoil heap after the exploitation of sulphur in Piaseczno case study
Autorzy:
Pająk, K.
Michalec, K.
Wąsik, R.
Kościelny, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989265.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
tereny przemyslowe
Kopalnia Siarki Piaseczno
zwalowiska odpadow
zwalowiska zewnetrzne
rekultywacja lesna
drzewa lesne
sosna zwyczajna
Pinus sylvestris
drewno sosnowe
jakosc drewna
quality
raw wood
reclamation
wood defects
pinus sylvestris
Opis:
The research was conducted on the external spoil heap of the 'Piaseczno' Sulphur Mine (southern Poland). This paper aimed to determine the quality of wood in 40−year−old Scots pine trees planted onto the external spoil heap of the mine, in the scope of forest reclamation, depending on the soil substrate and employed reclamation treatments. The investigations were carried out at one−are circular trial plots. A total number of 17 study plots was established, located on: Quaternary loose sands (PL), mixed Quaternary sands and Tertiary Krakowieckie clays (PI), and mixed Quaternary sands and Tertiary clays after an intense initial fertilisation (PIN). Measurements performed at the study plots included determination of diameter at breast height of every tree with a diameter ≥7 cm and height of every tree. We classified the wood of standing trees, including a specification of class or quality and dimension group of the butt−end part of the trunk, identifying types and variants of defects that determined the results of quality classification of raw wood. We found significant differences in trees dimensions between soil substrates. No significant difference was found for fertilised substrates, therefore it may be assumed that fertilising of more fertile soils was an unnecessary treatment. The quality of pine wood was mostly affected by knots and curvatures. An impact of knots on the results of wood classification increased with fertility of soil substrate. With regard to curvatures, the opposite trend was recorded. The frequency of occurrence of the above−mentioned defects was determined not only by the habitat type, but also by the manner of forest management. To reduce the frequency of occurrence of the defects in question in the reclaimed areas, an appropriate closure of stands should be maintained and adequate tending treatments should be performed competently and skilfully, as this is done in commercial stands.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2016, 160, 04; 284-291
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Variability of Selected Features of the Morphological Structure of Scots Pine Introduced on a Reclaimed Waste Dump of a Former Sulfur Mine in Piaseczno
Autorzy:
Pająk, M.
Wąsik, R.
Michalec, K.
Płoskoń, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/125306.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
forest reclamation
post-mining areas
diameter at breast height
tree height
crown length and width
Opis:
This paper presents the results of studies on the variability of selected features of the morphological structure of Scots pine trees, introduced on the post-mining lands in Piaseczno reclaimed for forestry. The field research was conducted in 2014 in the north-western part of a waste dump, on one-are circular sample plots. These plots were established in three groups, depending on the type of a substrate and the implemented reclamation treatments (1 – the Quaternary loose sands, 2 – mixed sediments of the Quaternary loose sands and the Tertiary Krakowiec clays, 3 – mixed sediments of the Quaternary loose sands and the Tertiary Krakowiec clays after an intensive preplant fertilization). The Scots pine trees introduced on the reclaimed dump displayed various crown structures and growth parameters. The longest and the widest crowns were recorded for the pine trees growing on mixed sediments of sands and clays, whereas the trees growing on loose sands had the smallest diameters at breast height.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2016, 17, 4; 83-90
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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