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    Tytuł:
    New material of the trechnotherian mammal Lactodens from the Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota: Comparison with Origolestes and implications for mammal evolution
    Autorzy:
    Mao, Fangyuan
    Liu, Cunyu
    Meng, Jin
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2216239.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
    Tematy:
    Mammalia
    Symmetrodonta
    Spalacotheriidae
    Zhangheotheriidae
    dental morphology
    mandible
    Cretaceous
    Yixian Formation
    middle ear
    Opis:
    A new specimen of Lactodens sheni, the only known spalacolestine from the Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota, is reported from the Jiufotang Formation, Liaoning, China. The description focuses on the dental and mandibular morphologies from both the new specimen and the holotype, particularly those that were unknown or poorly known from the holotype when the taxon was established. As revealed primarily by high-resolution computed tomography, morphologies and size gradient of the lower molars and detailed features of the mandibles, such as the masseteric foramen, can be unequivo- cally described. The dental and mandibular morphologies of Lactodens are compared with those of Origolestes lii, also from the Jehol Biota; these two taxa represent by far the best specimens in Spalacotheriidae and Zhangheotheriidae, respectively, and could be used as the representatives of their own groups in future higher-level phylogenetic analysis of mammals. The two taxa display considerable differences in dental and mandibular features, probably indicating a deeper split of spalacotheriids and zhangheotheriids than previously thought. Absence of the Meckelian groove in Lactodens, contrasting to the distinct one that holds a sizable Meckel’s cartilage in adult Origolestes, suggests an independent evolution of the definitive mammalian middle ear within “symmetrodontans”. The morphological gradient in the tooth row and association of the upper and lower dentitions from the same individual animal are also instructive for interpreting molar variations and evolution in “symmetrodontans” and mammals.
    Źródło:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2022, 67, 1; 135-153
    0567-7920
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Reconstruction of the cranial musculature of the paraceratheriid rhinocerotoid Pappaceras meiomenus and inferences of its feeding and chewing habits
    Autorzy:
    Wang, Hai-Bing
    Bai, Bin
    Gong, Yan-Xin
    Meng, Jin
    Wang, Yuan-Qing
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/945214.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
    Tematy:
    mammalia
    perissodactyla
    paraceratheriidae
    pappaceras meiomenus
    chewing
    eocene
    china
    Opis:
    The paraceratheriid Pappaceras is the earliest unequivocal rhinocerotoid genus to date, for which the osteological morphology is relatively unique compared to other perissodactyls. Due to the poor preservation condition, paleobiological aspects of Pappaceras (or forstercooperiines), such as chewing and feeding behavior, still remain unknown. Under the Extant Phylogenetic Bracket, the cranial musculature of the newly erected Pappaceras meiomenus has been reconstructed using two-dimensional illustrations, drawings and interpretations of the position and general morphology of cranial muscles for which origins and insertions on the skull are visible. In this study, eight muscles are reconstructed, described and compared to the corresponding muscles known or inferred in other perissodactyls, including the m. levator nasolabialis, the m. levator labii superior, the m. caninus, the m. zygomaticus, the m. masseter, the m. temporalis, the m. buccinator and the m. pterygoid. The reconstruction of the masticatory muscles suggests that Pappaceras meiomenus is strictly herbivorous, probably folivorous, with a primary component of vertical biting. The relatively well-developed m. pterygoid (particularly the m. pterygoideus medialis) indicates that Pappaceras meiomenus is similar to hyracodontids, having more advantages in rotary chewing than other non hyracodontid rhinocerotoids. The configuration of basicranial features shows differentiation between non-hyracodontids and hyracodontids, demonstrating that the well-developed, specialized postglenoid process and the wide glenoid fossa, along with the postcotyloid process of the mandible, serve as a strong fulcrum during the power stroke in non-hyracodontids. Based on its rostral morphology, we suggest that Pappaceras meiomenus was a general browser. The morphology of its incisors and canines further indicate the ability to feed on hard plants, using the postulated puncture-crushing and grinding function.
    Źródło:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2017, 62, 2; 259-271
    0567-7920
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Working temperature calculation of single-core cable by nonlinear finite element method
    Autorzy:
    Meng, Xiaokai
    Han, Peijie
    Liu, Yongxin
    Lu, Zhumao
    Jin, Tao
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/141018.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    cable
    finite element simulation model
    thermal conductivity
    operating temperature
    Opis:
    By simulating the actual working conditions of a cable, the temperature variation rule of different measuring points under different load currents was analyzed. On this basis, a three-dimensional finite element model (FEM) was established, and the difference and influence factors between the simulation temperature and the experimental measured value were discussed, then the influence of thermal conductivity on the operating temperature of the conductor layer was studied. Finally, combined with the steady-state thermal conductivity model and the experimental measured data, the relation between thermal conductivity and load current was obtained.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Electrical Engineering; 2019, 68, 3; 643-656
    1427-4221
    2300-2506
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Electrical Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Comparison of Moving Average and Differential Operation for Wheeze Detection in Spectrograms
    Autorzy:
    Hsueh, Meng-Lun
    Chen, Jin-Peng
    Lu, Bing-Yuh
    Wu, Huey-Dong
    Liu, Pei-Yi
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31340111.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
    Tematy:
    differential operation
    moving average
    signal
    lung sound
    wheeze
    Opis:
    A moving average (MA) is a commonly used noise reduction method in signal processing. Several studies on wheeze auscultation have used MA analysis for preprocessing. The present study compared the performance of MA analysis with that of differential operation (DO) by observing the produced spectrograms. These signal preprocessing methods are not only applicable to wheeze signals but also to signals produced by systems such as machines, cars, and flows. Accordingly, this comparison is relevant in various fields. The results revealed that DO increased the signal power intensity of episodes in the spectrograms by more than 10 dB in terms of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). A mathematical analysis of relevant equations demonstrated that DO could identify high-frequency episodes in an input signal. Compared with a two-dimensional Laplacian operation, the DO method is easier to implement and could be used in other studies on acoustic signal processing. DO achieved high performance not only in denoising but also in enhancing wheeze signal features. The spectrograms revealed episodes at the fourth or even fifth harmonics; thus, DO can identify high-frequency episodes. In conclusion, MA reduces noise and DO enhances episodes in the high-frequency range; combining these methods enables efficient signal preprocessing for spectrograms.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Acoustics; 2022, 47, 3; 383-388
    0137-5075
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Acoustics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Evaluating the association between effort-reward imbalance and suboptimal health status among hospital nurses: a cross-sectional study
    Autorzy:
    Yu, Leilei
    Liu, Weiting
    Wang, Jingzheng
    Jin, Ziyao
    Meng, Ruoyu
    Wu, Zhiyuan
    Zheng, Yuanyuan
    Guo, Zheng
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31341044.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2024-05-20
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
    Tematy:
    stress
    nurses
    occupational health
    hospital
    effort-reward imbalance
    suboptimal health status
    Opis:
    Objectives Occupational stress is a common complaint in nurses, who perceived more sense of effort-reward imbalance (ERI). Suboptimal health status (SHS) is a state between health and disease. However, the correlation between ERI and SHS is unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of SHS and ERI and evaluate the relationship between ERI and SHS in clinical nurses by a cross-sectional study. Material and Methods The current cross-sectional study was conducted through an online survey at Dongping People’s Hospital in China. A total of 633 completed surveys were received. Effort-reward imbalance was measured by subscales of the ERI questionnaire. SHS was measured by the Suboptimal Health Status Questionnaire – 25 (SHSQ-25). The relationship between ERI and SHS in nurses was subsequently assessed by Spearman’s correlation coefficient and logistic regression model. Results The mean age of the optimal health status (OHS) group (M±SD 26.3±7.3 years) was younger than the SHS group (M±SD 30.3±6.9 years). The prevalence of SHS was 54.5% (345/633). Female nurses aged ≥30 years, a junior college or university graduate educational level, smokers, and nurses without regular exercise were at a higher risk of SHS. In Spearman’s correlation analysis, ERI reflected by the effort-reward ratio was correlated with SHSQ-25 score (r = 0.662, p < 0.001). In logistic regression, ERI was strongly associated with SHS after potential confounding factors adjusting (OR 27.924, 95% CI 22.845–34.132). Conclusions The prevalence of SHS was significantly high in clinical nurses. Administrators should pay more attention to health status of female nurses aged ≥30 years, with a junior college or bachelor’s degree, smoking, and without regular exercise to reduce the SHS and ERI.
    Źródło:
    International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2024, 37, 2; 165-175
    1232-1087
    1896-494X
    Pojawia się w:
    International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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