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    Tytuł:
    Mezozoiczne pożary – ich rozprzestrzenienie i znaczenie w trakcie zdarzeń globalnych
    Mesozoic wildfires: distribution and importance for global events
    Autorzy:
    Marynowski, L.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2074930.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
    Tematy:
    pożary
    węgiel drzewny
    PAH
    krzywa tlenowa
    masa wymarła
    Mesozoic
    wildfires
    charcoal
    mass extinctions
    Opis:
    The present paper summarizes the issues related with occurrence and distribution of wildfires in the Mesozoic. The main focus is put on occurrence of palaeowildfires during the Mesozoic global events, including Permian-Triassic (P/T), Triassic-Jurassic (T/J) and Cretaceous-Palaeogene (C/P) boundary. The other problems are connected with controversies over oxygene curve during Mesozoic, with special emphasis on Jurassic wildfires and theoretical predictions of low concentrations of atmospheric oxygene.
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Geologiczny; 2012, 60, 3; 148-154
    0033-2151
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Geologiczny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Aromatic hydrocarbons from the Middle Jurassic fossil wood of the Polish Jura
    Autorzy:
    Smolarek, J.
    Marynowski, L.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/100858.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Śląski. Wydział Nauk o Ziemi
    Tematy:
    jura środkowa
    biomarkery
    węglowodór aromatyczny
    GC-MS
    fossil wood
    Middle Jurassic
    organic matter
    biomarkers
    aromatic hydrocarbons
    Opis:
    Aromatic hydrocarbons are present in the fossil wood samples in relatively small amounts. In almost all of the tested samples the dominating aromatic hydrocarbon is perylene and its methyl and dimethyl derivatives. The most important biomarkers present in the aromatic fraction are dehydroabietane, siomonellite and retene, compounds characteristic for conifers. The distribution of discussed compounds is highly variable due to such early diagenetic processes affecting the wood as oxidation and the activity of microorganisms. MPI1 parameter values (methylphenanthrene index) for the majority of the samples are in the range of 0.1 to 0.5, which results in the highly variable values of Rc (converted value of vitrinite reflectance) ranging from 0.45 to 0.70%. Such values suggest that MPI1 parameter is not useful as maturity parameter in case of Middle Jurassic ore-bearing clays, even if measured strictly on terrestrial organic matter (OM). As a result of weathering processes (oxidation) the distribution of aromatic hydrocarbons changes. In the oxidized samples the amount of aromatic hydrocarbons, both polycyclic as well as aromatic biomarkers decreases.
    Źródło:
    Contemporary Trends in Geoscience; 2013, 2, 1; 82-90
    2299-8179
    Pojawia się w:
    Contemporary Trends in Geoscience
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Ocena stanu nauk mineralogicznych w Polsce
    Evaluation of the state of mineralogical sciences in Poland
    Autorzy:
    Janeczek, J.
    Marynowski, L.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2074871.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
    Tematy:
    pomiary
    ocena publikacji
    indeks Hirscha
    survey
    evaluation of publications
    Hirsh index
    Opis:
    Results of a survey conducted recently by the Mineralogical Sciences Committee of the Polish Academy of Sciences among Polish geochemists, mineralogists and petrologists revealed a significant increase in a number of research articles published in ISI listed journals since the political and economic transformations in 1989 owing to the unrestricted international collaboration, better funding, unlimited access to worldwide journals and data bases and easier access to modern research equipment. Introduction of the so-called parametric evaluation of the performance of research institutions in Poland further motivates scientists to publish their papers in the most prestigious journals (category I and II on the ISI list). Relatively low impact of those articles measured by their low citation, especially by the low Hirsh index with the exception of a few authors whose papers are widely red, may have resulted from focusing on solving regional problems rather than tackling issues relevant to the whole scientific community. However, recently this trend has been reversed. The major obstacles in a more dynamic progress of Polish mineralogical sciences include limited access to modern equipment (there are only two electron microprobes in Poland available to mineralogists and none of ion microprobe) and unsatisfactory funding of research projects.
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Geologiczny; 2011, 59, 6; 469-473
    0033-2151
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Geologiczny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Konzentrat-Lagerstätte-type carbonate concretions from the uppermost Bajocian (Middle Jurassic) of the Częstochowa area, South-Cental Poland
    Autorzy:
    Zatoń, M.
    Marynowski, L.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2058808.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2004
    Wydawca:
    Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
    Tematy:
    Jurassic
    Bajocjan
    carbonate concretions
    taphonomy
    Lagerstätte
    biomarkers
    Opis:
    Early-diagenetic calcitic concretions of latest Bajocian (parkinsoni Zone, bomfordi Subzone) age in the Polish Jura contain an extremely rich and well-preserved macrofauna. In addition to bivalves and brachiopods, there are numerous ammonites of the (sub)genera Parkinsonia, Nannolytoceras, Lissoceras (Lissoceras), L. (Microlissoceras), as well as rare representatives of Vermisphinctes, Strigoceras (Strigoceras) and Phylloceras. Carapaces of primitive prosopid crabs are found associated. Such a diverse and well-preserved fauna (previously unknown from Bajocian epicratonic deposits of the Polish Jura), is typical of Konzentrat-Lagerstätte-type deposits. The random distribution of the concretions in exposure and the small size of the fauna may suggest that all remains were concentrated by bottom-current action in small depressions on an uneven sea-floor. The presence of numerous small-sized ammonites may be regarded as reflecting post-spawning assemblages which sufferedmass-mortality. Although cause of their death remains unclear, storm events are a possibility. Such depressions acted as natural “traps” as well as constituted a size-limiting factor for the accumulating fauna. The fact that all elements are well preserved indicates brief post-mortem transport and rapid burial, followed by early diagenesis that protected them from compaction. The absence of such fossil-rich concretions higher in the Middle Jurassic sequence clearly shows that our current assessment of biotic diversity may be an underestimate. The carbonate concretions contain a predominantly terrestrial type of organic matter (OM). Samples analysed are extremely immature, but early diagenetic transformations of OM occurred prior to concretion formation.
    Źródło:
    Geological Quarterly; 2004, 48, 4; 339--350
    1641-7291
    Pojawia się w:
    Geological Quarterly
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Evidence of wildfires during deposition of the Upper Silesian Keuper succession, southern Poland
    Autorzy:
    Kubik, R.
    Uhl, D.
    Marynowski, L.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/191789.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Geologiczne
    Tematy:
    charcoals
    wildfire
    fusinite reflectance
    taphonomy
    Upper Triassic
    Polska
    Opis:
    Charcoals from the Upper Triassic vertebrate-bearing clays of the Zawiercie area (Upper Silesia, S-Poland) were analyzed using petrographic methods, to reconstruct burning temperatures as well as taphonomic processes. SEM and reflected light microscopy show excellent preservation of charcoals most probable connected with early diagenetic permineralization by calcite. The charcoal was assigned to three morphotypes, probably corresponding to three different fossil taxa. Fusinite reflectance data suggest, that the highest temperature reached above 600 °C (fusinite reflectance of 3.59%), what counterparts to the lower limit crown fire temperature. The values for most of the samples are lower (ca. 1% to 2.5%) what is typical for surface fires. In many cases fusinite reflectance values depends on the measured zone within the sample. Such zonation formed due to charring tem- perature differences. In zones remote from the potential fire source, reflectance values gradually decreases. It implies that calculation of fire temperatures based on average fusinite reflectance values might be too far-reaching simplification. Occurrence of fungal hyphae within the charcoal supports the interpretation of a predomination of surface fire, consuming dead twigs and stems. The low content of micro-charcoals in charcoal-bearing rocks as well as rounded to sub-rounded shapes of large specimens indicates that they were transported after burning, deposited away from the burning area, and finally early diagenetic mineralization.
    Źródło:
    Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae; 2015, 85, 4; 685-696
    0208-9068
    Pojawia się w:
    Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Konkrecje hiatusowe z iłów rudonśnych Wyżyny Krakowsko-Częstochowskiej
    Hiatus concretions fromthe ore-bearing clays of the Cracow-Czestochowa Upland (Polish Jura)
    Autorzy:
    Zatoń, M.
    Marynowski, L.
    Bzowska, G.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2074474.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2006
    Wydawca:
    Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
    Tematy:
    konkrecje hiatusowe
    Wyżyna Krakowsko-Częstochowska
    hiatus concretions
    Middle Jurassic
    Cracow-Częstochowa Upland
    borers
    encrusters
    Opis:
    Hiatus concretions are arly-diagenetic sedimentary bodies, which in their history of formation, underwent exhumation during sedimentation break and/or erosion of sea-floor. Then they were colonized by various encrusters and borers, before they were buried again. Within Middle Jurassic (Bajocian through Bathonian) clays, hiatus concretions occur in four localities in the Cracow-Częstochowa Upland (south and central Poland): Ogrodzieniec, Bugaj, Mokrsko and Krzyworzeka. Preliminary data about their mineralogy, organic geochemistry and palaeoecology is given. Mineralogical analyses showed, that except dominant high Mg-calcite (up to 87.10% of total carbonates), concretions possess minor amounts of such compounds as quartz, clay minerals (kaolinite and illite), pyrite, siderite or Mg-kutnahorite. However, high differences are observed between total organic carbon contents of concretions (TOC=0.46%) and surrounded clays (TOC = 2.16%), but their molecular composition is similar. Most of identified biomarkers are of terrestrial origin. In clay lithology, the hiatus concretions are the only sedimentary bodies that clearly mark the sedimentation pauses (hiatuses). In the investigated area, they form more or less continuous horizons. The concretions are calcitic, possessing various encrusting fauna such as bryozoans, oysters and oyster-like bivalves, serpulids, solitary corals and foraminifers. They often post-date the borings, belonging to such ichnogenera as Gastrochaenolites, Trypanites and Entobia. Some of the nodules show distinct transition from firmground (characterized by the presence of Glossifungites ichnocoenosis) to hardground (presence of Trypanites ichnocoenosis), pointing to the fact, that they formed at, or very close to, the sediment-water interface. Some concretions, like those from Bugaj and Mokrsko, are characterized by their high diversity of hard bottom communities. Those concretions are also irregular in shape; others, like those from Ogrodzieniec and Krzyworzeka, possess lower diversity. The concretions from Krzyworzeka are especially dominated by the borers, while the encrusters are sparse and not diverse. Those nodules that are wide and flat tend to be more bored on one surface only, while those that are more roundish, are bored on both sides more evenly. The degree of diversity is probably correlated with physical disturbance, causing the rolling and overturning of the exhumed concretions in the littoral zone. On the other hand, the overall diversity could be lowered due to destructive abrasion either of the shallowest borings, echinoid/gastropod scratch marks and shells of nestling bivalves, as well as more delicate epilithozoans.
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Geologiczny; 2006, 54, 2; 131-138
    0033-2151
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Geologiczny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Framboidy pirytowe jako wskaźniki paleośrodowiska
    Pyrite framboids as paleoenvironmental indicators
    Autorzy:
    Zatoń, M.
    Rakociński, M.
    Marynowski, L.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2074589.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008
    Wydawca:
    Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
    Tematy:
    framboidy pirytowe
    redoks
    warunki środowiskowe oksyczne
    warunki środowiskowe dysoksyczne
    warunki środowiskowe euksyniczne
    jura
    dewon
    Polska
    pyrite framboids
    redox
    euxinia
    anoxia
    dysoxia
    Jurassic
    Devonian
    Polska
    Opis:
    The problemof application of pyrite framboids in reconstructions of the redox conditions is presented. The characteristics of pyrite framboids, their origin and principles of application in paleoenvironmental interpretations are given. The pyrite framboid diameter distribution as indicators of redox conditions was presented on the examples of the Middle Jurassic (Upper Bajocian-Lower Bathonian) ore-bearing clays of the Polish Jura, and Upper Devonian (Middle and Upper Famennian) dark grey and black shales from Kowala (Holy Cross Mountains). It has been shown, that during the sedimentation of the ore-bearing clays, the pyrite framboids formed in the sediment, below the oxic water column; however, some episodic oscillation around the dysoxic conditions cannot be entirely excluded. During the sedimentation of the Middle Famennian dark grey shales, the redox conditions at the sea-floor oscillated around dysoxia. In both examples, the framboids are characterized by wide range of their diameters and the presence of large, >10 "my"m, framboids. On the contrary, the Upper Famennian black shales, representing the Hangenberg event, were deposited below the euxinic conditions in the water column. It is indicated by a high frequency of small-size framboids, far below 6 "my"m in diameter, and the lack of the large ones. The overlying shales, on the other hand, show the transition to more oxic conditions. The redox conditions interpreted above are in agreement with the independent biomarker analyses and paleontological observations.
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Geologiczny; 2008, 56, 2; 158-164
    0033-2151
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Geologiczny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Ordovician Jeleniów Claystone Formation of the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland - Reconstruction of redox conditions using pyrite framboid study
    Autorzy:
    Smolarek, J.
    Marynowski, L.
    Trela, W.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/100786.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Śląski. Wydział Nauk o Ziemi
    Tematy:
    ordowik
    piryt
    Jeleniów
    Góry Świętokrzyskie
    ordovician
    pyrite framboids
    redox conditions
    Jeleniów Formation
    Opis:
    The aim of this research is to reconstruct palaeoredox conditions during sedimentation of the Jeleniów Claystone Formation deposits, using framboid pyrite diameter measurements. Analysis of pyrite framboids diameter distribution is an effective method in the palaeoenvironmental interpretation which allow for a more detailed insight into the redox conditions, and thus the distinction between euxinic, dysoxic and anoxic conditions. Most of the samples is characterized by framboid indicators typical for anoxic/euxinic conditions in the water column, with average (mean) values ranging from 5.29 to 6.02 µm and quite low standard deviation (SD) values ranging from 1.49 to 3.0. The remaining samples have shown slightly higher values of framboid diameter typical for upper dysoxic conditions, with average values (6.37 to 7.20 µm) and low standard deviation (SD) values (1.88 to 2.88). From the depth of 75.5 m till the shallowest part of the Jeleniów Claystone Formation, two samples have been examined and no framboids has been detected. Because secondary weathering should be excluded, the lack of framboids possibly indicates oxic conditions in the water column. Oxic conditions continue within the Wólka Formation based on the lack of framboids in the ZB 51.6 sample.
    Źródło:
    Contemporary Trends in Geoscience; 2014, 3, 1; 59-67
    2299-8179
    Pojawia się w:
    Contemporary Trends in Geoscience
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Anomalous Upper Devonian mercury enrichments : comparison of Inductively Coupled Plasma – Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) and Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) analytical data
    Autorzy:
    Racki, G.
    Rakociński, M.
    Marynowski, L.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2060451.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
    Tematy:
    Mercury anomalies
    analytical methods
    geochemistry
    Frasnian-Famennian boundary
    Devonian-Carboniferous boundary
    volcanism
    Opis:
    Mercury geochemistry is emerging recently as a hot topic in chemostratigraphical and facies research, owing to the diagnostic character of Hg enrichments as a proxy of volcanic activity (crucial in the context of assumed causal links between volcanic cataclysms and mass extinctions). Thus, as a prerequisite to such far-reaching interpretations, reliable analytical determinations of Hg concentrations are necessary. In conventionally performed analyses in sedimentary geochemistry, Inductively Coupled Plasma – Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) is usually applied, as an analytical standard for trace elements, including Hg. However, with a detection limit (DL) of 10 ppb, such measured values have been questioned as a conclusive geochemical indicator of Hg anomalies, and, instead, far more accurate techniques, such as Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS; DL = 0.2 ppb), are requested. As a preliminary test of this view, we present comparative analysis of 91 samples from three sections encompassing the key Frasnian-Famennian and Famennian-Tournaisian boundary intervals in Morocco (Lahmida), Germany (Kahlleite) and Uzbekistan (Novchomok), for which Hg concentrations were determined by both methods in the same samples. Despite some differences, especially at low Hg concentrations, both analytical methods reveal the same 12 extraordinarily enriched samples in excess of 1 ppm (with one exception, the determination error is <20%), as well as similar overall chemostratigraphic patterns characterized by a few prominent Hg spikes, with a top value of 5.8 ppm. The Hg concentrations determined by ICP-MS and AAS are significantly correlated, as high as r = 0.98 (Novchomok), even if the first method reveals a general tendency toward slightly heightened values (by ~15 to 30% for medians). Therefore, ICP-MS results can conclusively be used in mercury chemostratigraphy in order to recognize extraordinary volcanic (or other) signals, at least in the Devonian geological record. False Hg anomalies were not generated by these conventional ICP-MS determinations.
    Źródło:
    Geological Quarterly; 2018, 62, 3; 487--495
    1641-7291
    Pojawia się w:
    Geological Quarterly
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Composition and source of polycyclic aromatic compounds in deposited dust from selected sites around the Upper Silesia, Poland
    Autorzy:
    Marynowski, L.
    Pięta, M.
    Janeczek, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2058768.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2004
    Wydawca:
    Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
    Tematy:
    deposited dust
    polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
    oxygen derivatives of PAH
    phenyl-polyaromatic hydrocarbons
    polyphenyls
    Opis:
    About 300 polycyclic aromatic compounds were identified using the GC-MSmethod in deposited dust collected in sites located outside the industrial belt of the Upper Silesia agglomeration. Concentrations of selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) range from 6.8 mg/g dust for anthracene to 142 mg/g dust for fluoranthene. Concentrations of highly carcinogenic PAH e.g. benzo(a)pyrene, benzofluoranthenes and benzo(a)anthracene range from 49 to 145.5 mg/g of dust. Significant concentrations (up to 35 mg/g of dust) of carcinogenic C22H14 PAHs (m/z 278) and C24H14 PAHs (m/z 302) were determined in all samples. Aromatic ketones and quinones as well as aromatic nitrogen and sulphur compounds with concentrations ranging from 2 to 45 mg/g of dust, were found in the polar NSO fraction. Molecular composition of hydrocarbons in the deposited dust is characteristic of the terrestrial organicmatter, as suggested by the presence of long chain n-alkanes with odd carbon skeleton predominance. However, relatively high concentrations of steranes and distribution of homohopanes different from terrestrial organic matter suggest that part of extractable organic mattermay be from diesel engine exhausts and/or paved road dust. The origin of the organic compounds adsorbed on the deposited dust is related to not complete coal combustion and possibly to other sources, such as automobile exhaust. The occurrence of phenyl-polyaromatic hydrocarbons and polyphenyls such as terphenyls, phenylnaphthalenes and their methyl derivatives, phenylphenanthrenes, phenylfluoranthenes and/or phenylpyrenes results from the free radical phenylation of aromatics during organic matter combustion.
    Źródło:
    Geological Quarterly; 2004, 48, 2; 169--180
    1641-7291
    Pojawia się w:
    Geological Quarterly
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Thermal maturity and depositional environments of organic matter in the post-Variscan succession of the Holy Cross Mountains
    Autorzy:
    Marynowski, L.
    Salamon, R.
    Narkiewicz, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2059919.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2002
    Wydawca:
    Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
    Tematy:
    Holy Cross Mountains
    Permian
    Triassic
    biomarkers
    depositional environment
    thermal maturity
    Opis:
    The results of GC-MS investigations of biomarkers in organic matter from the epicontinental Permian and Triassic strata of the Holy Cross Mts. indicate generally suboxic (Permian) and oxic (Triassic, except for the Middle Muschelkalk) depositional environments with accompanying intensive bacterial reworking of organic remains. The biomarker spectra found in the Middle Muschelkalk and in the Entolium discites Beds (Upper Muschelkalk) show the presence of gammacerane, an increased concentration of C34 homohopanes and a Pr/Ph ratio not exceeding 1. All these observations suggest a hypersaline sedimentary environment with water column stratification and poorly oxygenated conditions. Thermal maturity investigations were based on both vitrinite reflectance and biomarker indices. The organic matter in the Triassic succession is slightly more mature along the northern margin of the Holy Cross Mts. than along their southern part, due probably to a regional increase in the maximum burial depth during the Mesozoic. The maturity of the Permian strata at Gałęzice (southern Holy Cross Mts.) is similar to that of the Triassic rocks whereas Kajetanów (in the north) is characterised by values significantly higher and comparable to those found in wells further north. The difference cannot be accounted for solely by differential burial depths, and implies the existence of a positive thermal anomaly active before the Middle Triassic. Our investigations generally confirmed the low thermal maturity of the Triassic. However, contrary to earlier interpretations, we suggest that the maximum burial depths based on a reconstructed thickness of the post-Triassic deposits may account for the observed maturity levels, assuming that geothermal gradients in the Mesozoic were similar to today's.
    Źródło:
    Geological Quarterly; 2002, 46, 1; 25-36
    1641-7291
    Pojawia się w:
    Geological Quarterly
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Gniazdowe akumulacje szczątków fauny w środkowojurajskich iłach rudonośnych Wyżyny Krakowsko-Częstochowskiej-wnioski paleobiologiczne
    Nest-like accumulations of faunal remains in the Middle Jurassic ore-bearing clays of the Kraków-Czestochowa Upland and their palaeobiological implications
    Autorzy:
    Zatoń, M.
    Salamon, M. A.
    Marynowski, L.
    Zatoń, R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2074537.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2007
    Wydawca:
    Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
    Tematy:
    średnia Jura
    Polska
    fragmenty skorup
    szczątki organiczne
    Middle Jurassic
    Polska
    predation
    shell fragments
    shelly fossils
    Opis:
    Distinct faunal accumulations in the uppermost Bajocian/lowermost Bathonian, lowermost and Middle Bathonian of the Polish Jura (south-central Poland) have been detected. The fossils are densely packed in the centre of the accumulations and more or less dispersed in their margins. The accumulations vary in size, but all are rich in various groups of organisms, of which the molluscs (mainly bivalves) and echinoderms predominate. The echinoderms are all disarticulated, and shelly fauna occur as angular fragments with sharp edges, of random sizes and without any signs of abrasion. The different sizes of the fossil remains, from tiny echinoderm ossicles or juvenile shelly fauna to medium-sized shell fragments or belemnite rostra, exclude any transportation and thus sorting. Worth of noting is the occurrence of similar faunal groups in each accumulation. The general shape and composition of the accumulations, as well as their taphonomical features, especially the angularity of shell fragments, point to durophagous (shell-crushing) predation rather than physical processes. The various organisms may indicate that the potential predator (most probably fish) fed on various invertebrates. The indigestible particles were later regurgitated forming the accumulations discussed. The presence of various epibionts on the fossil fragments indicate,that they rested upon the sea-floor for some time-span after they had been regurgitated. Then the scavengers, as well as current action or water movements, have been responsible for dispersion of some of the fossils, as is well-visible at the margins of the investigated accumulations..
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Geologiczny; 2007, 55, 5; 424-429
    0033-2151
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Geologiczny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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