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    Wyświetlanie 1-5 z 5
    Tytuł:
    Skały w architekturze podkrakowskich kościołów romańskich
    Rocks applied in the architecture of the Romanesque churches of the northern suburbs of Kraków
    Autorzy:
    Bromowicz, Jan
    Magiera, Janusz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2075921.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
    Tematy:
    kamieniarka
    kościoły romańskie
    okolice Krakowa
    stonework
    Romanesque churches
    Krakow surroundings
    Opis:
    There are a few Romanesque churches (12th to mid of 13th century) located iin the close suburbs north ofKrakow which are not well known nor described, in contrast to the churches of this age located within the city. Three of them were the subject to the present study. All three churches are located close to each other, but the local geology and available building stones are different. The Romanesque walls of the Church in Prandocin are built of calcareous sandstone of light grayish shade (Neogene). Their exposures and probable past mining sites are located a few kilometers to the north of the church. Stone blocks are very neatly shaped and fitted, so the joints are smooth and very narrow. The church in Wysocice is built mainly of a local compact, white to grayish limestone with cherts (Upper Jurassic), with horizontal stripes made of a porous gray travertine (Quaternary?) adapted to retaining the wall. Sculptures are carved of a soft lithotamnium limestone (Pińczów, Leithakalk; Neogene). Both the compact Jurassic limestone and the soft Pińczów limestone are applied in the church of Kościelec Proszowicki. Decorative sculptures and carvings are made exclusively of the Pińczów limestone. The works in all three places were performed by masonry guilds, which searched for and quarried an appropriate stone material and treated it. Stonemasons had apparently high qualifications for selecting an appropriate material which, on one hand, fulfilled aesthetical requirements of the founder and, on the other, guaranteed durability of the whole structure.
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Geologiczny; 2019, 67, 9; 728--735
    0033-2151
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Geologiczny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Kamień podkrakowskich budowli romańskich
    Building stones used in Romansque edifices in the vicinity of Kraków
    Autorzy:
    Bromowicz, Jan
    Magiera, Janusz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2076212.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
    Tematy:
    okres romański
    kamieniarstwo
    piaskowiec istebniański
    Romanesque period
    masonry
    Istebna sandstone
    Upper Jurassic limestone
    Opis:
    Three objects were studied within a project aimed at investigation of stones used in the Romanesque edifices in the vicinity of Kraków, and continued since 2019. These are the churches in Dziekanowice (21 km SE of Kraków) and in Czchów (58 km SE of Kraków), and a clergy house in Morawica (13 W of the Kraków city centre). The church in Dziekanowice is relatively completely and well preserved, while the only Romanesque remnants of the church in Czchów are those reused in the Gothic church. It is a clergy house in Morawica (a former castle), whose walls contain Romanesque fragments. Two former edifices are built of the Istebna sandstone (Upper Cretaceous-Paleogene), quarried from the local flysch bedrock. Fine-grained, grey-yellowish stone dominates. It is soft and easily workable due to argillaceous binder (matrix). The stone blocks are precisely shaped and well fitted. Romanesque remnants of the clergy house in Morawica are con- structed predominantly of limestone, also of local origin. Only a fragment of the NW wall is built of the Istebna sandstone. This fragment is probably a part of the butress supporting the NW wall. The study shows that stonemasons and builders of that time had good skills of selecting and applying proper stone blocks for particular purposes. Blocks used in load-bearing structures were exceptionally well shaped and fitted. On the other hand, those skills varied. The frieze from the Romanesque church in Czchów is rather primitive. The size of limestone blocks used in the clergy house in Morawica is strikingly similar to those of various Romanesque edifices in Kraków. It seems, therefore, that those blocks could have been quarried and shaped in quarries located in the city, where the masonry “industry” was well developed. Larger, irregular blocks, used as foundations and filler in the “opus emplectum” type walls were probably quarried on site. Moreover, stones used in more eminent edifices (churches, castles) were probably more carefully selected. The Morawica castle (clergy house) and many churches in Kraków were built of limestone blocks without cherts.
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Geologiczny; 2021, 69, 2; 103--108
    0033-2151
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Geologiczny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Kamienie i znaki apotropaiczne w murach romańskich kościołów w Siewierzu i Mokrsku Dolnym
    Stones and apotropaic marks in the walls of the Romanesque churches in Siewierz and Mokrsko Dolne (S Poland)
    Autorzy:
    Bromowicz, Jan
    Magiera, Janusz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2074300.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
    Tematy:
    okres romański
    kamieniarstwo
    dolomity triasu środkowego
    wapień pińczowski
    znaki apotropaiczne
    Romanesque period
    masonry
    Middle Triassic dolomite
    Pińczów limestone
    apotropaic marks
    Opis:
    Sacral edifices, in particular churches, no matter an epoch, were created of the most imposing and durable building material, mostly stone, available in the area or imported. Identification of the stone is crucial for conservation and reconstruction. However, in many cases, it is not done properly. Thorough mineral and geological studies on the stones and their provenance are thus strongly advisable. Romanesque churches in Siewierz and Mokrsko have recently been subject to such studies. They are located in different geological regions, which obviously reflected in different stones used for their construction. Church in Siewierz (founded probably at the beginningof the twelfth century) was constructed mainly of well-shaped regular blocks of local “Diplopora” dolomite (Middle Triassic). Only a few (out of a few hundred) blocks represent sandstone. Their provenance is unclear (Carboniferous or Lower Triassic sandstones that occur SW of Siewierz?). Church in Mokrsko (erected probably in the first quarter of the thirteenth century) was originally built of also well-shaped regular blocks of limestone and sandstone. They are: very typical for the area Pińczów (“Lithotamnium”), limestone (Neogene), and Upper Triassic sandstone. The former shows up on the surface a few km E of Mokrsko, the latter occurs ca 10 NE of the site. The distribution of the stones and sizes of the blocks shows some regularity. Bigger and of more uniform size blocks were used in the parts of the buildings located closer to the high altar, it is in the apse of the church in Siewierz and the presbytery in Mokrsko. It seems clearly connected with special attention paid to those parts of the temples. Moreover, resistant sandstone was used more frequently than soft limestone in lower parts of the walls in Mokrsko, more exposed to the action of water raised from the ground. Numerous caverns, holes, and crevices have been spotted on external surfaces of the dolomitic and sandstone blocks. Caverns in the dolomites (in Siewierz) developed naturally, while those in the sandstones (in Mokrsko) have obvious anthropogenic provenance. They are interpreted widely in the literature as apotropaic marks. Here it seems that excavation of stone sand and dust for magic consumption by humans or livestock or(and) ignition of holy fire could be reasons for the scratching and drilling.
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Geologiczny; 2022, 70, 2; 91--99
    0033-2151
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Geologiczny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    IDENTYFIKACJA MARMURU UŻYTEGO W SARKOFAGU WŁADYSŁAWA JAGIEŁŁY W KATEDRZE WAWELSKIEJ
    ORIGIN OF THE MARBLE OF THE TOMB OF KING JAGIELLO IN THE WAWEL CATHEDRAL IN KRAKOW
    Autorzy:
    Bromowicz, Jan
    Magiera, Janusz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/537890.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2006
    Wydawca:
    Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
    Tematy:
    TOMB OF KING JAGIELLO (MARBLE ANALYSIS)
    WAWEL CATHEDRAL
    Opis:
    In an attempt to identify the marble of the tomb of King Jagiello, three kinds of marbles were used as a refernce material, i.e.: Italian Ammonitico Rosso, Austrian Roter Knollenkalk and Hungarian red. Structure, texture and mineral composition were examined and SEM-EDAX analysis was done. Very limited size of the sample available disabled the use of the optical microscope. Generally, the tomb is made of red limestone with a nodular structure and sound, non porous texture. The nodules are 1 to 5 cm in diameter. This kind of a decorative limestone being succeptible to carving and polishing is traditionally called a 'marble'. Four varieties were identified in the tomb: Variety 1. Colour is red-brownish, nodules are slightly lighter than a matrix. Indistinct parallel bedding, stylolites and ammonites can also be seen. Variety 2. Generally, red-brownish in colouring, with stronger contrast between nodules (yellow-pinkish) and matrix (brown-reddish). Variety 3. Dark red-brownish. Nodules do not contrast strongly from the matrix. Variety 4. Colour is intermediate between varieties 1 and 2. Structure, texture and colour point to the Ammonitico Rosso marble as a stone applied in the tomb. Size, shape and colour of the nodules as well as colouring of the matrix make it similar to a variety that occurs in the vicinity of Verona and is called Rosso di Verona. Hungarian marbles obviously differ from that used in the tomb. Their colouring is generally darker and more brownish. Nodules are less pronounced and less contrasted from the matrix. SEM and SEM-EDAX analyses did not appear particularly diagnostic. The sample from the tomb was generally more fine grained than the reference samples thus disabling comparison of further structural and textural features. However, similarities were detected between the tomb marble and the Rosso di Verona marble, e.g. in the texture and number of genarations of the micrite, presence of clay minerals and iron oxides. Noticeable is a presence of Al, Si and K in the tomb marble, being apparently connected with clay minerals and with products of chemical weathering. All this point to the Rosso di Verona as the most probable stone applied in the tomb. Chemical composition of the marbles form the Verona area is following: Si - 5.90% CaO - 51.31% MgO - 0.14% CO2 - 40.48% Fe2O3 - 0.66 % FeO - traces Al2O3 - 0.84% Mn - traces Average porosity is less than 0.5%, and water sorption is less than 0.1% (W. D. Grimm, R. Snethlage, 1984).
    Źródło:
    Ochrona Zabytków; 2006, 3; 87-96
    0029-8247
    Pojawia się w:
    Ochrona Zabytków
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Historia zapisana w kamieniu romańskiej kolegiaty pw. św. Marcina w Opatowie
    History recorded in the stones of the Romanesque collegiate church in Opatów
    Autorzy:
    Magiera, Janusz
    Bromowicz, Jan
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/20206015.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
    Tematy:
    okres romański
    kamieniarstwo
    piaskowiec dolnego triasu
    piaskowiec dolnej jury
    znaki apotropaiczne
    Romanesque period
    masonry
    Lower Triassic sandstone
    Lower Jurassic sandstones
    apotropaic marks
    Opis:
    Romanesque collegiate church in Opatów (south-eastern Poland) belongs to the best-preserved Early Mediaeval edifices in Poland. Its date of origin, founder, architects and history are still unclear despite numerous investigations carried out since the beginning of the 19 th century. It is clear that local sandstones were used in the construction of the impressive church. Present investigations resulted in the inventory of the stones used as a building material: their petrography, size of blocks and strange holes and striae on some of their surfaces. Dominant sandstones have different colours: white-greyish or grey-brownish. They are built of very fine-grained, well sorted quartz with siliceous-clayey binder. All sandstone blocks have similar heights (most frequent average 34–38 cm), but different lengths. Longer (up to 62 cm) are placed in the oldest parts of the edifice, shorter (up to 48 cm) form younger fragments and might have been reused after destruction of previous undefined buildups. The sandstones represent Lower Jurassic sediments exposed currently on the slopes of the Opatówka River valley in Podole, some 5 km NE of Opatów. Only a few sherry (reddish) sandstone blocks found in various parts of the walls are probably replacements during post-Romanesque reconstructions. They represent Lower Triassic sandstone from Lipowa, 3 km NE of Opatów. Lancetoidal grooves, 5–20 cm long, and hemispherical holes of 1–4 cm in diameter are apparently of anthropogenic origin (apotropaic marks); however, their purpose is unclear. It is supposed that the grooves are traces of tool sharpening or grinding, while the holes are places where sandy or dusty material was acquired for magical or medical purposes.
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Geologiczny; 2023, 71, 1; 12-18
    0033-2151
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Geologiczny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-5 z 5

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