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    Wyświetlanie 1-3 z 3
    Tytuł:
    Suszenie Parą w Złożu Fluidalnym pod Ciśnieniem (SPZFC) i oddzielanie dwutlenku węgla przez płuczkę gazową - nowe wyzwanie dla wytwarzania energii elektrycznej z węgla brunatnego
    Pressurized Steam Fluidized Bed Drying (PSFBD) and carbon dioxide separation by flue gas scrubbing - new challenges for the lignite power industry
    Autorzy:
    Lechner, S.
    Rombrecht, H.-B.
    Krautz, H. J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/348991.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
    Tematy:
    płuczka CO2
    węgiel brunatny
    suszenie
    złoże fluidalne
    elektrownia
    lignite
    drying
    fluidized bed
    carbon dioxide scrubbing
    power plant
    Opis:
    Ochrona klimatu wymaga oddzielania i usuwania dwutlenku węgla pochodzącego ze spalin elektrowni opalanych węglem brunatnym. Jedną z możliwości osiągnięcia tego celu jest płukanie spalin. Proces ten wymaga dużo energii i pary o ciśnieniu około 4 bar. Jedną z możliwości obniżenia emisji dwutlenku węgla i powiększenia sprawności elektrowni jest wstępne suszenie węgla brunatnego. Aktualne badania dotyczą Suszenia Parą w Złożu Fluidalnym pod Ciśnieniem (SPZFC). Wzrost ciśnienia zmniejsza rozmiar suszarki, a para pochodząca z węgla brunatnego jest odprowadzana w obszarze temperatury od 140 do 160 stopni Celsjusza. Zadaniem pozostaje jeszcze włączenie tego ciepła do procesu. Poprzez połączenie suszenia i płukania spalin całe ciepło suszenia może być podane do płuczki spalin, gdzie pokryje około 40% popytu ciepła desorpcji. W ten sposób potrzebna ilość ciepła, pobrana z turbiny średnioprężnej zostaje wyraźnie zredukowana na rzecz optymalizacji sprawności bloku elektrowni. Artykuł przedstawia najpierw pogląd na temat stanu badań SPZFC, omawia stan aktualny technologii płuczkowej CO2 i w końcu dyskutuje sposoby wykorzystania ciepła suszarki w urządzeniu desorpcyjnym oczyszczania gazów spalinowych.
    The protection of the climate requires the separation and discharge of carbon dioxide proceeding from lignite fired power plants. One measure to achieve this objective is the scrubbing of the flue gas. This process demands a high energy input in form of heating steam of a pressure of ca. 4 bar. A further measure to decrease the carbon dioxide emissions and increase the profitability of the power plant is the predrying of the lignite. A recent process is the Pressurized Steam Fluidized Bed Drying (PSFBD). Due to the high pressure the equipment is smaller than in atmospheric dryers and the steam coming from lignite water has a temperature range between 140 and 160 degrees of Celsius. The integration of this heat in the power plant process is a task still to solve. The combination of drying and gas scrubbing allows the use of the entire heat coming from the dryer in the gas scrubber where nearly 40% of the heat demand in the desorber can be substituted. By this means the necessary heat which has to be got after the intermediate steam turbine is significantly reduced. The overall power plant efficiency rises. The paper gives an overview about the state of the PSFBD-research and discusses possibilities of the use of the this heat in the desorber of a flue gas scrubber.
    Źródło:
    Górnictwo i Geoinżynieria; 2011, 35, 3; 203-215
    1732-6702
    Pojawia się w:
    Górnictwo i Geoinżynieria
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Risk Management and First Aid Knowledge of Trekkers in Nepal
    Autorzy:
    Lechner, K.
    Scharfenberg, C.
    Hettlich, E.M.
    Giet, S.
    Morrison, Audry
    Schöffl, Volker
    Küpper, Thomas
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2098189.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020-12-07
    Wydawca:
    Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Zawodowa w Tarnowie
    Tematy:
    trekking
    alpinizm
    aklimatyzacja
    zarządzanie ryzykiem
    choroba wysokościowa
    mountaineering emergencies
    acute mountain sickness
    acclimatization
    risk management
    Opis:
    Background: Trekking in Nepal is popular and generally safe. However preventable trekking injuries and deaths are often the result of poor risk managementand lack of skills – i.e. acute mountain sickness (AMS) and specific First Aid (FA). Shlim and Gallie’s reviews in 1992 and 2004 of trekking deaths here found a fivefold higher risk for fatal outcomes in organized trekking tours (OT) compared to independently organised trekkers (IT), including preventable deaths (i.e. AMS). Our survey sought to identify the AMS, FA and risk management knowledge/skills of OT and IT whilst trekking in Nepal. Methods: Based on previous pilot studies at the Khumbu region in Nepal, and on risk management information provided by leading German trekking operators, a survey was conducted using two questionnaires: one each for OT and IT.The study site was Manang (3,500m) in Annapurna region, Nepal. All trekkers passing through this site who volunteered their participation were included. For evaluation descriptive statistical methods and non-parametric tests were used. Results: 442 questionnaires were completed (155 OT; 287 IT). Mean agewas 36.4 +/– 12.0y and 61% were male. Mountaineering experience was low and FA training was scarce in both groups. IT (92.7%) followed acclimatization recommendations and 59.2% carried AMS medication, compared respectively to OT at 63.2% and 25.2%. Only 27.1% of OT had repatriation plans for a medical emergency. Conclusions: Most of OT and IT were inexperienced in mountaineering and in mountain emergencies. The preparedness of OT overall was inadequate and over-reliant on the organisers whose skills may also be inadequate when responding to an emergency. Responsible trekking should require that more than one person in a group have adequate, up-to-date riskassessment/management and FA skills specific to the trek, and in particular an understanding of altitude profile, AMS, and individual abilities.
    Źródło:
    Health Promotion & Physical Activity; 2020, 13, 4; 21-24
    2544-9117
    Pojawia się w:
    Health Promotion & Physical Activity
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The need for specific first aid and emergency knowledge whilst trekking in remote areas – results of the ADEMED (Aachen DEntal and MEDical) Expedition to the Annapurna region, Nepal
    Autorzy:
    Scharfenberg, C.
    Lechner, K.
    Giet, S. v.d.
    Hettlich, M.
    Schöffl, V.
    Morrison, A.
    Küpper, Thomas
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2098229.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-03-08
    Wydawca:
    Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Zawodowa w Tarnowie
    Tematy:
    trekking
    emergencies
    accidents
    first aid
    training
    Opis:
    Introduction: Fellow trekkers are often the first responders to their comrades in remote settings. Not everyone undertakes First Aid (FA) training when travelling to remote settings away from comprehensive healthcare, whether travelling independently or in a group. The syllabus of standard urbanised FA courses does not fully cover the needs of such trekkers (ie altitude illnesses). We evaluated the FA and emergency knowledge of trekkers en route in the remote Nepalese Himalayas.Material and methods: A questionnaire about FA, trekking emergencies and water hygiene knowledge was completed by a cohort of 453 trekkers passing through Manang (3,519 m), Nepal, who volunteered their participation. A previously validated questionnaire consisted of 20 multiple choice questions (each using a five-point Likert scale) was used, followed by a subjective self-assessment of 17 key topics using a 5-point rating scale from very good to unsatisfactory knowledge. Demographic data including FA and climbing experience was also collected.Results: The participants generally showed a poor knowledge in FA and trekking emergencies, even though 20.8% had some occupational medical training. In total 59.5% of possible answers were answered correctly. On average each participant managed to answer only one out of 20 questions (5.4%) completely correct. The most unsatisfactory results concerned the following topics, each with only 2.4% correct answers: hypothermia/resuscitation, rescue strategies and rip fractures. The best results were for HACE 33.8%, cranio-cerebral injury 33.6%, angina pectoris/heart attack 31.8% and hypovolemic shock 28.7%. The majority of participants had very limited experience of climbing mountains, rock climbing or ice climbing.Conclusions: This study provides essential data identifying deficiencies in standard FA courses that are targeted for urban settings, and not for trekkers in a remote setting far away from comprehensive health care and rescue. There is a need to develop readily accessible FA curriculums specific to trekkers that would provide education on preventative care prior to, during, and after treks, and to improve their knowledge of medical care of trekking injuries and emergencies.
    Źródło:
    Health Promotion & Physical Activity; 2021, 14, 1; 17-24
    2544-9117
    Pojawia się w:
    Health Promotion & Physical Activity
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-3 z 3

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