Autor: Leśniewski, Michał - Katalog OPAC zbiorów

Tytuł:: Trudy życia w komandach w partyzanckim okresie wojny burskiej, lipec 1900 - maj 1902
The hardships of the life on commando during the guerrilla phase of the Boer War, July 1900 - May 1902
Autorzy:: Leśniewski, Michał
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/566940.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2011
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie. Instytut Nauk Politycznych
Tematy:: Boer War
Commando
British strategy
Guerrillas
Opis:: When we read histories of the military conflicts only too seldom we may find descriptions of the everyday lives of the ordinary soldiers. Historians too often tend to forget that a circumstances of everyday life do determine their attitudes, their behavior under the fire, the will to fight and their determination, which are crucial elements of the final outcome of the war. It is even more in the case of such armies as the military forces of the Boer Republics during the South African war of the 1899- 1902. Those were mostly irregular forces which, due to a lack of a formal and regular military drill, were much less disciplined than regular forces, and their moods were usually much stronger influenced by changing turns of war and circumstances of everyday life. During the irregular phase of war the Boer forces (still numbering c. 30.000) were faced with completely new problems. They lost organized supply base, but they still had ambitious war-plans, to attack main economic centres and supply lines of the republics controlled then by the British, to destroy them and force Britain to negotiate a truce. At the same time they were faced with new British military strategy of destroying potential supplies for the guerrillas. The scotched earth policy, sweeps by the flying columns and concentration camps had all its effect on commandos ability to fight. Scorched earth meant that whole townlets and villages were destroyed, and herds of cattle and sheep butchered, just for the sake of limiting supplies for the guerrillas. British strategy limited it to such an extent, that there were just few options of resupplying Bore forces. One of the main was using British supplies, through robbery and looting. In effect it is true, to some extent, that at the end of the war the United Kingdom was supplying both armies: British and Boer. Still the hardships were rising with every season in the field. The scorched earth policy took its toll. It was, for Boers, more and more difficult to acquire food and shelter. Supplies run thin and commandos lacked everything. At the end of the war a third of them had no horses. What's more they had no choice but to take care of more than 12.000 women and children, who were stranded on the Veld. Therefore we may argue that the hardships of life on commando during the guerrilla phase of war, were eventually the main reason for surrender of Boer forces in May 1902. The prospects of prolonging the war were grim, and with the time it was for the Boer commandos, more and more the fight for everyday survival without hope for victory. And therefore even the most determined fighters were forced to accept the fact that they could not fight much longer.
Źródło:: Forum Politologiczne; 2011, 12 - Problemy bogactwa i biedy we współczesnej Afryce; 541-559
1734-1698
Pojawia się w:: Forum Politologiczne
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 12.

Tytuł:: Koncepcja klastra w kształtowaniu rozwoju regionalnego- ujęcie teoretyczne. Zarys problemu
The concept of cluster in the shaping of regional development-theoretical approach. Outline of the problem
Autorzy:: Leśniewski, Michał Adam
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/550921.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2012
Wydawca:: Wyższa Szkoła Biznesu i Przedsiębiorczości w Ostrowcu Świętokrzyskim
Tematy:: klastry
region
rozwój regionalny
konkurencyjność
innowacyjność
clustering
regional development
competitiveness
innovation
Opis:: Klastry są koncepcją rozwoju regionalnego oraz przedsiębiorstw i instytucji z nimi współpracujących. Warunkiem uczestniczenia w klastrze jest posiadanie względem siebie zaufania. Klastry budują potencjał konkurencyjności i innowacyjności. Celem artykułu jest teoretyczna prezentacja problemu klastrów w rozwoju regionu i przedsiębiorstw.
Clusters is conception of regional development and enterprises and institutions working with them. The condition of participation in the cluster is to have the self confidence. Clusters build competitiveness and innovation potential. This article aims to present a theoretical problem in the development of regional clusters and companies
Źródło:: Acta Scientifica Academiae Ostroviensis. Sectio A, Nauki Humanistyczne, Społeczne i Techniczne; 2012, 1; 67-78
2300-1739
Pojawia się w:: Acta Scientifica Academiae Ostroviensis. Sectio A, Nauki Humanistyczne, Społeczne i Techniczne
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 13.

Tytuł:: Transwal, 1881-1899. Czy regionalne mocarstwo?
Transvaal, 1881-1899. Was it a regional power?
Autorzy:: Leśniewski, Michał
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/567142.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2012
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie. Instytut Nauk Politycznych
Tematy:: Transvaal
South African Republic
Kruger administration
Opis:: This text is a short introduction to above asked question. Was the South African Republic of 1881-1899 a regional power? The answer is not easy. From one side Transvaal had minuscule white population, especially by European standards. Still, was able to mobilize quite significant military force, larger than any polity in that area. What's more important, since the discovery of the gold, its financial resources were enormous. It became an economic centre of this region. Therefore at least potentially it was a regional power. But was this potential realized? The author runs throughout the history of the Transvaal of that time, to present political and diplomatic activities of the South African Republic, to show changes in situation and in diplomatic objectives. He asks the question if the Transvaal before 1877 was a state by European standards. Then shortly shows the influence of British Annexation of 1877-1881. Then he presents several events taking place from 1881 to 1896. He especially concentrates on the period of 1881-1886 and deals with historical stereotypes concerning those event. The author analyses Transvaal policy to find, what was the main goal of Kruger administration. And finally he asks the question embedded in the topic.
Źródło:: Forum Politologiczne; 2012, 13 - "Stare" i "nowe" mocarstwa w Afryce - stygmaty kulturowe, religijne, polityczne, ekonomiczne i społeczne; 467-495
1734-1698
Pojawia się w:: Forum Politologiczne
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 14.

Tytuł:: Afryka w strategii europejskiej równowagi i bezpieczeństwa u schyłku XIX wieku
Africa in the European security and a balance of power policy at the end of 19th century
Autorzy:: Leśniewski, Michał
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/566668.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2014
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie. Instytut Nauk Politycznych
Tematy:: historia
XIX wiek
historia świata
historia Europy
historia Afryki
kolonializm
równowaga sił
bezpieczeństwo
history
19th century
world history
European history
African history
colonialism
balance of power
security
Opis:: During the last two decades of the 19th century Africa played crucial role in European policy of Balance of Power. It was also an important factor in up keeping tranquillity in Europe. The Scramble for Africa gave the European powers a chance of realizing their imperial ambitions without a risk of pan-European conflict. Therefore during 1880s Germany supported French colonial ambitions, hoping that France would abandon the revenge against Germany. Even weaker states, as Belgium or Italy, could realize there their ambitions. That was a case at least until the end of the 19th century. In a way it was a similar situation as with the proxy wars of 1960s. At the same time, thanks to the technological advances, the expansion in Africa was a cheap kind of imperialism. It allowed European powers and states to realize their ambitions without great financial and human costs.
Źródło:: Forum Politologiczne; 2014, 16 - Konteksty bezpieczeństwa w Afryce. Problemy globalne, sektorowe, regionalne, lokalne; 17-36
1734-1698
Pojawia się w:: Forum Politologiczne
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 15.

Tytuł:: Dlaczego król Zulusów Dingaan zdecydował się na zabójstwo Pieta Retiefa i jego towarzyszy?
Why did the Zulu King Dingaan Decide to Murder Piet Retief and his Companions?
Autorzy:: Leśniewski, Michał
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/522626.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2014
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Warszawski. Katedra Języków i Kultur Afryki. Polskie Towarzystwo Afrykanistyczne
Tematy:: Zulu King Dingaan
Piet Retief
the motives of the murder
Zulu-Boer confrontation
Opis:: The decision of the Zulu King Dingaan to kill Piet Retief is the topic of many debates, starting from the very moment when it happened. This text is a voice in the debate. It tries to decide when Dingaan took this decision, what were his motives and to what extent the actions of Piet Retief influenced Dingaan. It also deals, at least to some extent, with the question of the inevitability of Zulu-Boer confrontation in 1838.
Źródło:: Afryka; 2014, 40; 111-126
1234-0278
Pojawia się w:: Afryka
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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