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Tytuł:
Wpływ grubości drzew na wybrane właściwości strukturalne i fizyko-mechaniczne drewna brzozy brodawkowatej (Betula pendula Roth.)
Effect of tree thickness on the selected structural and physico-mechanical properties of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) wood
Autorzy:
Lachowicz, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/973762.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
brzoza brodawkowata
Betula pendula
klasy grubosci
drewno brzozowe
leśnictwo
drzewa leśne
klasy grubości
właściwości strukturalne
gęstość drewna
właściwości fizyczne
właściwości mechaniczne
wytrzymałość na rozciąganie wzdłuż włókien
wytrzymałość na ściskanie wzdłuż włókien
wytrzymałość na zginanie statyczne
współczynnik jakości wytrzymałościowej
silver birch
wood
structural and physico−mechanical properties
commercial quality
Opis:
The focus was on the effect of tree thickness on the mean values of the selected structural and physico−mechanical properties of wood of the silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.). The trees to be investigated came from north−eastern Poland that is the main source of raw material of this species. Wood samples were taken for measurement from twelve sample plots with trees at the age of 45 and 70 years growing in the fresh forest habitat. The following properties were subjected to statistical analysis: the average tree−ring width, wood density, tensile strength parallel to grain, compression strength parallel to grain, static bending, modulus of elasticity in static bending and the coefficients of tensile strength parallel to grain, compression parallel to grain, static bending, and modulus of elasticity in static bending. The research confirmed a significant effect of tree thickness on all mean values of the studied structural and physico−mechanical properties of silver birch wood.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2011, 155, 09; 581-588
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wybrane wskazniki jakosci technicznej drewna brzozy brodawkowatej [Betula pendula Roth.] w polnocno-wschodniej Polsce
Selected indicators of technical quality of silver birch [Betula pendula Roth.] wood in north-eastern Poland
Autorzy:
Lachowicz, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/45730.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa
Tematy:
lesnictwo
drzewa lesne
brzoza brodawkowata
Betula pendula
drewno brzozowe
jakosc techniczna
struktura drewna
wlasciwosci fizykomechaniczne
Źródło:
Leśne Prace Badawcze; 2010, 71, 2; 135-147
1732-9442
2082-8926
Pojawia się w:
Leśne Prace Badawcze
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Struktura wlokien drewna brzozy brodawkowatej [Betula pendula Roth.] w polnocno-wschodniej Polsce
Structure of silver birch wood fibers [Betula pendula Roth.] in north-eastern Poland
Autorzy:
Lachowicz, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/46342.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa
Tematy:
lesnictwo
drzewa lesne
brzoza brodawkowata
Betula pendula
drewno brzozowe
struktura drewna
wlokno drzewne
dlugosc wlokien
srednica
swiatlo wlokien
grubosc sciany
smuklosc wlokien
sztywnosc
Źródło:
Leśne Prace Badawcze; 2010, 71, 1; 39-50
1732-9442
2082-8926
Pojawia się w:
Leśne Prace Badawcze
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wieloczynnikowa analiza zmienności gęstości drewna brzozy brodawkowatej (Betula pendula Roth.)
Multivariate analysis of the variation in silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) wood density
Autorzy:
Lachowicz, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1008805.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
drzewa lesne
brzoza brodawkowata
Betula pendula
drewno brzozowe
gestosc drewna
analiza zmiennosci
analiza wieloczynnikowa
klasy grubosci
wiek drzew
lokalizacja geograficzna
silver birch
wood density
physical−mechanical properties
Opis:
The aim of the research was to determine the variation in wood density of the silver birch in north−eastern Poland depending on the location (geographic region), age and interaction between these two factors, as well as the diameter of trees. Samples were taken for measurement from twelve sample plots with the trees aged 45 and 70 years growing in the fresh forest habitat. Statistical analysis was applied to the mean wood density values calculated for wood samples of the sizes: 20×20×300 mm, 20×20×30 mm and 30×2.66×0.1 mm. The study confirmed a significant effect of the location, simultaneous effect of the location and age, as well as the diameter of trees on the mean values of silver birch wood density for all examined sample sizes. No significant effect of the age on the mean values of birch wood density for all examined sample sizes was found. The mean value of wood density for the sample size 30×2.66×0.1 mm was the highest for the whole sampled material, amounting to 699.29 kg/m3, the wood density for the sample size 20×20×300 mm was lower – 681.04 kg/m3 and for the sample size 20×20×30 mm it was the lowest – 679.76 kg/m3.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2012, 156, 06; 414-419
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ położenia i wieku drzew na wartości współczynników jakości wytrzymałościowej drewna brzozy brodawkowatej (Betula pendula Roth.)
Influence of location and age on the value of wood strength coefficients for silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.)
Autorzy:
Lachowicz, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1008873.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
drzewa lesne
lokalizacja
wiek drzew
brzoza brodawkowata
Betula pendula
drewno brzozowe
wlasciwosci mechaniczne
wytrzymalosc na sciskanie wzdluz wlokien
wytrzymalosc na zginanie statyczne
wytrzymalosc na rozciaganie wzdluz wlokien
modul sprezystosci
silver birch
wood
physical−mechanical properties
wood strength coefficients
Opis:
Variation of wood strength coefficients was determined for the silver birch trees coming from north−eastern Poland which is the main source of raw material of this species. Samples were taken for measurement from twelve sample plots with trees at the age of 45 and 70 years growing in the fresh forest habitat. Strength coefficients were subjected to statistical analysis for compression parallel to grain, static bending, tensile strength parallel to grain and the modulus of elasticity in static bending. The research confirmed a significant effect of the location and age of trees on the mean values of coefficients of compression strength and modulus of elasticity in static bending. Moreover, a significant influence of location on the mean values of coefficients of tensile strength parallel to grain and static bending strength without the effect of tree age on these coefficients was found. Also a simultaneous influence of the location and age of trees on the mean values of all studied coefficients was demonstrated.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2011, 155, 08; 535-545
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Charakterystyka jakości technicznej drewna paulowni COTE-2
Characteristics of the technical properties of Paulownia COTE-2 wood
Autorzy:
Lachowicz, H.
Giedrowicz, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/978955.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
mechanical and physical properties
wood of fast growing trees
Paulownia COTE-2
Opis:
Seedlings of Paulownia (Paulownia sp.) has increasingly appeared in the merchant offers in Poland. However, the knowledge of the technical characteristics of its wood is still insufficient because comprehensive studies of wood properties for this species have not been performed. The main aim of this study was to determine the selected physical and mechanical properties of Paulownia COTE−2 wood. The wood comes from the plantation of Paulownia COTE−2 located in Granada region in Spain. The investigation were carried on 162 samples, according to Polish standards. We analysed the following physical properties: air−dry density, oven−dry density, basic density, proportion of wood substance, wood porosity, total shrinkage of wood in longitudinal, tangential and radial anatomical directions, volumetric shrinkage, coefficients of each of mentioned shrinkage, the anisotropy index of shrinkage and mechanical properties: compression strength, static bending, modulus of elasticity in static bending, including the coefficients of the mechanical properties mentioned before. The results show that Paulownia wood is very light, with the density of 270 kg/m3 and low shrinking (volumetric shrinkage equaled to 7%). The mechanical properties of Paulownia wood are closely related to its density. Static bending equaled to 38 MPa and compression strength parallel to grain amounted to 24 MPa.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2020, 164, 05; 414-423
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Drewniane chordofony w polskich zbiorach archeologicznych
Wooden chordophones in Polish archaeological collections
Autorzy:
Popławska, D.
Lachowicz, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/987087.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
zbiory archeologiczne
instrumenty drewniane
instrumenty strunowe
chordofony
drewno archeologiczne
identyfikacja
archaeological wood
wooden string instruments
Opis:
The article describes eight wooden string instruments found during archaeological excavations in Poland. The instruments are currently housed in Polish museums and research institutes and are a part of the national heritage. They date back to the period between the end of the 10th century and the first half of the 16th century. The instruments originating from the Middle Ages and early Renaissance reflect a high wood culture in Poland in the early centuries of its history. These archaeological collections include four different types of string instruments: lyres, vielles (fiddles), rebecs, and lutes. Individual parts of all the instruments were subjected to detailed measurements including the total length, width and thickness of the body, the total length, width and thickness of the soundboard and the wall height. The type of wood used for their construction was also determined and included: Norway spruce (Picea abies) – the older lyre from Opole and the soundboards of the gittern from Elbląg, lime (Tilia sp.) – the younger lyre from Opole and the lyre from Gdańsk, aspen (Alnus sp.) – the bodies of the vielles from Elbląg and Płock and the body of the gittern from Elbląg, European beech (Fagus sylvatica) – the peg board of the hypothetical rebec from Ostrów Lednicki, as well as Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) – the soundboards of the vielles from Płock and of the supposed nyckelharp from Wolin. The soundboards of the vielles from Elbląg was made of alder or poplar, while the pegs and bridges – of maple (Acer sp.), birch (Betula sp.) and oak (Quercus sp.). The body of the instruments: the soundbox with the neck and with a peg board or pegbox was usually made of one piece of wood and covered with a separate soundboard made of different or the same type of wood as the body. However, the soundboards are found less often than the instrument bodies because the plates with a few−millimetre thickness are more prone to decay.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2017, 161, 08; 693-704
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Drewniane flety proste z wykopalisk archeologicznych na terenie Europy
Wooden recorders from archaeological sites in Europe
Autorzy:
Popławska, D.
Lachowicz, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/991126.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
wykopaliska archeologiczne
drewno archeologiczne
flety proste
wooden flutes
fossil wood
Opis:
The article describes twelve recorders excavated from archaeological sites dating back to the Mediaeval times and the Renaissance. Three of them are in the museums in Germany, two in the Netherlands and one in Estonia. Six are in Polish museum collections. The flutes from five locations (Puck, Nysa, Płock, Toruń and Warsaw) are described in this paper for the first time. All the instruments from the Polish territory have been accurately measured and identified for the kind of wood from which they were made. All the flutes were made from one piece of wood of the following tree genera: lilac (Nysa, Płock), plum (Dordrecht, Göttingen), cherry (Würzburg), maple (Elblag, Toruń, Tartu), boxwood (Esslingen, Amsterdam) and spruce (Puck, Warsaw). The oldest known recorders were primarily made of fruit tree wood (Würzburg, Dordrecht, Göttingen). Interesting was the use of spruce wood (softwood) for making aerophones, absent in the later preserved instruments of this type.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2014, 158, 01; 72-80
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Drewno w budownictwie oraz przedmiotach życia codziennego na terenie Kielecczyzny od końca XVII do początku XX wieku
Wood species used in construction and the production of everyday objects on the Kielecczyzna region from the end of the 17th century to the beginning of the 20th
Autorzy:
Konofalska, E.
Lachowicz, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/986608.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
drewno
wykorzystanie
gatunki drewna
budownictwo drewniane
budynki drewniane
przedmioty codziennego uzytku
przedmioty drewniane
wiek XVII-XX
Park Etnograficzny w Tokarni
wood species
open−air museum
wooden architecture
tokarnia
Opis:
The aim of the study was to research which wood species were used to make constructions and everyday objects in the Świętokrzyski, Rural Town, and Manor sectors of the Ethnographic Park (an open−air museum) in Tokarnia (central Poland). The objects on display are in the natural village environment. Apart from the traditional architecture there are also permanent exhibitions of furnishings belonging to people of different social classes. In all investigated sectors we found thirty five items. Wood species were determined using the macroscopic method. The Ethnographic Park archives contain residual information about wood species. Larch was the most commonly used wood species in the whole area. Other species used in the architecture include oak, pine and fir. Chairs and beds were made from pine and oak. For upright furniture, oak and less often pine were used. The other wood species used in this kind of furniture were larch, ash, beech and walnut. Kitchen utensils were mostly made from pine, poplar, birch, beech and oak. School utensils were made from beech, birch and pine. Oak, beech and birch were used in others items. Wood species used in construction and the production of everyday objects in the Kielce region from the end of the 17th century to the beginning of the 20th century. Localization and investigation into others traditional objects in świętokrzyskie voivodeship should be further discussed in the next study. Moreover, maps of tree stands from the end of the 17th century to the beginning of the 20th century should be analysed. Consideration of these aspects may help find the reason why larch was the most popular wood species in the Ethnographic Park in Tokarnia.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2018, 162, 08; 696-704
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zmienność gęstości umownej drewna sosny zwyczajnej (Pinus sylvestris L.) w zależności od wybranych czynników
Variability of conventional wood density of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) depending on the selected factors
Autorzy:
Witkowska, J.
Lachowicz, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/993205.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
drzewa lesne
sosna zwyczajna
Pinus sylvestris
drewno sosnowe
gestosc drewna
gestosc umowna
czynniki siedliska
polozenie geograficzne
typy siedliskowe lasu
wiek drzewostanu
gestosc na wysokosci piersnicy
gestosc w polowie dlugosci grubizny
gestosc w gornym koncu grubizny
scots pine
conventional wood density
forest habitat type
poland
Opis:
Paper presents analysis of differences in conventional wood density of Scots pine measured at breast height regarding the geographical location of stands, forest habitat type, stand age and associated parameters such as density in the mid−length of the stem, density in the upper end of the stem and diameter at breast height. To investigate the impact of these factors, an analysis of covariance was used in accordance with two models specifically developed for this purpose. We found dependence of conventional wood density on the type of forest habitat and geographical location of the stand. The highest density was detected in dry coniferous forests, while the smallest in fresh mixed coniferous forests. Scots pine wood from Zielona Góra Forest (western Poland) characterised with the highest density, while from the Knyszyn Primeval Forest (eastern Poland)− with the lowest.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2013, 157, 05; 336-347
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zmiany cen, ilości i wartości surowca drzewnego sprzedawanego w Lasach Państwowych
Changes in prices, volume and value of wood raw material sold by the State Forests
Autorzy:
Wysocka-Fijorek, E.
Lachowicz, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/985841.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
Panstwowe Gospodarstwo Lesne Lasy Panstwowe
surowce drzewne
drewno
ceny
wartosc
dynamika cen
analiza sprzedazy
indeks Laspeyresa
indeks Fischera
indeks Paaschego
dynamics measures
laspeyres index
paasche index
fisher index
Opis:
The State Forests in Poland operate according to the principles of sustainable forest management combining and fulfilling diverse functions. Wood production is one of them. In this context, the question arises whether the species composition of forest stands has a greater impact on timber sales than the optimization of the assortment structure of harvested timber. The aim of the paper is to present the dynamics of prices, volume and value of timber sold by the State Forests and to examine the impact of the price and volume on the value of timber sales. The analysis of the dynamics measures was based on the data in the financial reports published annually on the websites of the State Forests as well as on the announcements of the Central Statistical Office in Poland on the average price of timber, calculated from the average price of timber sold by forest districts in the first three quarters of the year. The aggregate indices were calculated using the data on the volume, prices and value of the sold timber included in the State Forests Information System. The data were obtained by dividing wood assortments and species into groups. The analysis focused on years 2012−2014. It included seven tree species: pine, spruce, fir, oak, beech, alder and birch as well as the most common groups of wood assortments: WA, WB, WC, WD, WBCK, WCK, S1, S2, S4, M1 and M2, for which the weighted average price of timber and the amount of timber sold were calculated in individual years. Of the analysed characteristics (price, volume, value), the average rate of changes in timber prices was the lowest and amounted to 1.9% per year. The volume of timber offered on the market increased by 3.01% annually. The cumulative effect of the increase in the price and volume of timber offered for sale was 5.94% of the annual value of timber sold.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2018, 162, 01; 12-21
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Impact of a fresh broadleaved forest site and fresh mixed broadleaved forest site on selected parameters and ratios of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) wood fibre structure
Autorzy:
Lachowicz, H.
Paschalis-Jakubowicz, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/52429.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Technologii Drewna
Tematy:
fresh broadleaved forest
fresh mixed broadleaved forest
forest site
wood parameter
silver birch
Betula pendula
wood fibre
wood structure
Opis:
The variability of selected ratios characterising the dimensions and shape of silver birch wood fibres was determined based on the site where the trees grow. Two sampling areas were selected, located in the Biała Podlaska Forest District in eastern Poland. Samples for testing were taken from trees approx. 45–50 years old, growing on a fresh broadleaved forest site and on a fresh mixed broadleaved forest site. On these two sites, silver birch occurs most widely as a dominant species, both in terms of stand area and volume, in Poland. A statistical analysis was performed of selected parameters of the wood fibre structure such as length, width, lumen and cell wall thickness, as well as of the wood fibre structure ratios belonging to the basic properties of fibrous pulp: the felting power, flexibility ratio, coefficient of rigidity, Runkel and Mühlsteph ratios, as well as the compactness index. It was demonstrated that the site from which birch material originates has a significant impact on the average values of: fibre length, lumen, flexibility ratio, and the coefficient of rigidity, as well as the Runkel and Mühlsteph ratios. However, analyses did not prove any major impact of the site on the average values of: fibre width and wall thickness, the felting power or the compactness index of silver birch wood.
Źródło:
Drewno. Prace Naukowe. Doniesienia. Komunikaty; 2014, 57, 193
1644-3985
Pojawia się w:
Drewno. Prace Naukowe. Doniesienia. Komunikaty
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zmienność wybranych wskaźników struktury włókien drewna brzozy brodawkowatej (Betula pendula Roth.) w północno-wschodniej Polsce
Variability of the wood fibre structure indices for silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) in north-eastern Poland
Autorzy:
Lachowicz, H.
Paschalis-Jakubowicz, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1008914.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
drzewa lesne
lokalizacja
wiek drzew
brzoza brodawkowata
Betula pendula
wlokno drzewne
struktura wlokien
wskaznik smuklosci
wskaznik gietkosci
wskaznik sztywnosci
wskaznik sztywnosci Runkla
wskaznik Muhlstepha
silver birch
fibre structure indices
wood anatomic features
Opis:
The variation of the fibre structure indices was determined for silver birch. The examined trees came from north−eastern Poland, which is the largest source of raw material of this species. Wood samples were taken for measurement from trees aged 45 and 70 years that grew in the fresh deciduous forest habitat. Fibre structure indices measuring felting, flexibility, rigidity, rigidity according to Runkel as well as Mühlsteph's and compactness indices were selected as the basic fibre pulp properties and subjected to statistical analysis. A significant effect of the location and age of trees on all wood fibre structure indices except for the effect of age on the compactness index was found. The studies also showed a significant, simultaneous effect of tree location and age on the mean values of all analysed indices of silver birch wood fibre structure.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2011, 155, 07; 446-458
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Obrót surowcem drzewnym najwyższych klas jakości w Polsce
Sales of the timber in the highest quality class in Poland
Autorzy:
Paschalis-Jakubowicz, P.
Kulik, P.
Lachowicz, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/973511.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
surowce drzewne
baza surowcowa
drewno okleinowe
drewno wielkowymiarowe
pozyskiwanie drewna
rynek drzewny
klasy jakości
drewno łuszczarskie
słupy teletechniczne
sprzedaż
wood veneer
plywood
harvest
sale of wood
timber market
Opis:
The paper analyses the amount of cut, the assortment and species structure of the current domestic market for timber of the highest quality classes (wood veneer, plywood, telecommunication poles) in Poland in years 2005−2009. Oak and beech are the main source of material for the production of veneer in Poland. Sales of oak veneer in 2005−2009 amounted to 17,502.9 m3 (35.8% of the total sales of assortment WA1). Sales of beech veneer in 2005−2009 amounted to 11,233.5 m3 (23.0% of total sales). Among the plywood assortments harvested in Poland in 2005−2009, birch was harvested and sold in the largest quantities – 503,870.0 m3 (39.1% of total harvest) and 590,822.4 m3 (43.8% of total sales). Of all the regional directorates of the State Forests, the Krosno RDSF showed in 2005−2009 the largest harvest of WA1 assortments – 9734.0 m3 (21.4% of the total harvest), and sale – 9611.0 m3 (19.7% of total sales). Because of the large beech and sycamore timber resources, forests in the Krosno RDSF are a main current and potential source of veneer assortments. Because of the large amounts of harvested and sold oak, beech, pine, birch and alder veneer the Białystok, Olsztyn, Szczecinek and Szczecin RDSFs play the dominant role on the Polish timber market. The leading role in terms of plywood sales in the period under review was taken by RDSFs Olsztyn – 24.9%, Białystok – 26.2%, Szczecinek – 13.1% and Szczecin – 11.6%. These RDSFs taken together supplied to the market 75.8% of plywood, being the main material base for the plywood industry. The dominant role of these RDSFs derives from the fact that forests under their administration are rich in birch, alder and pine. Spruce as a plywood material is insufficiently used by the plywood industry (harvest – 33,269.9 m3, sale – 579.5 m3).
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2015, 159, 02; 91-102
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 26

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