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    Wyświetlanie 1-9 z 9
    Tytuł:
    The Gothic Genitive Plural in /-ee/ Yet Again: A Sarmatian Solution
    Autorzy:
    White, David L.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28409206.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-12-01
    Wydawca:
    Oficyna Wydawnicza ATUT – Wrocławskie Wydawnictwo Oświatowe
    Tematy:
    Genitive case
    Gothic
    Iranian
    Old Germanic
    Sarmatian
    Sarmatian influence on Gothic
    Opis:
    Reasons are given to think that the Gothic GPL in /-ee/ (< /-ɛɛ/) developed in the M /n/-stems by analogy with GPL /-ↄↄnↄↄ/ in F /n/-stems: NSG /-ↄ/ : GPL /-ↄↄnↄↄ/ = NSG /-ɛ/ : GPL /-ɛɛnɛɛ/. This analogy was externally motivated, due to various features of Iranian causing Gothic F /-ↄↄnↄↄ/ and M /-ↄnↄↄ/ to both be rendered as /-aanaa/ in Sarmatian-accented Gothic. As levels of competence increased, /-aanaa/ was “genderized” (and “Gothicized”) by replacing gender-neutral /-aanaa-/ with F /-ↄↄnↄ/ (which spread to Pre-OHG) and M /-ɛɛnɛɛ/. Historical and lexical evidence is given indicating that Gothic culture and language were significantly influenced by their Sarmatian analogues, and additional cases where Gothic shows unusual grammatical resemblances to Iranian are adduced.
    Źródło:
    Beiträge zur allgemeinen und vergleichenden Sprachwissenschaft; 2021, 10; 223-247
    2299-4122
    2657-4799
    Pojawia się w:
    Beiträge zur allgemeinen und vergleichenden Sprachwissenschaft
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Form of DO Employed to Form the Weak Preterit
    Autorzy:
    White, David L
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2049134.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-10-06
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
    Tematy:
    weak preterit
    Germanic
    English
    DO
    Opis:
    In all of the various sub-cases that comprise the case of what PIE tense of DO was employed to form the weak preterit, perfect origin falls somewhere in the range of “almost certain” to “quite possible”. By contrast, non-perfect origin is in most cases de- pendent on propositions that are either ad hoc or otherwise problematic. In the only case that at first appears to strongly favor non-perfect origin, 2SG /-dɛɛs/ can be seen as orig- inating by “opportunistic re-interpretation” of /-dɛd-t/ > /-dɛss/ as /-dɛɛs/, with 2SG /-s/. Obscure phonological changes of the traditional kind permit the 1SG, 3SG, and 3PL to be seen as having perfect origin. All forms can be seen as having perfect origin.
    Źródło:
    Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies; 2021, 30(2); 5-32
    0860-5734
    Pojawia się w:
    Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Reasons to Think That Anglo-Frisian Developed in Britain
    Autorzy:
    White, David L.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/888979.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
    Tematy:
    linguistics
    Anglo-Frisian
    history
    Opis:
    Linguistic evidence is adduced indicating that (as non-linguistic evidence long known also suggests) the origin of Anglo-Frisian goes back to a period of common development in SE Anglo-Saxon England around 475–525. The linguistic reason to think so is that almost every characteristic innovation of Anglo-Frisian has a plausible motivation in terms of infl uences from Brittonic. It seems that the later Frisians originated as Anglo-Saxons, occupying territory between Kentish and Pre-Mercian, who left England and went back to the continent, of course to the coast, around 540. The conclusion is that Frisian is similar to English because Frisian is descended from English.
    Źródło:
    Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies; 2018, 27/2; 5-31
    0860-5734
    Pojawia się w:
    Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Possible Solutions for Long-Standing Problems Involving Old English Verbs
    Autorzy:
    White, David L.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/973919.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
    Tematy:
    Brittonic, Celtic,
    analogy,
    equivalence interference,
    Germanic,
    verbs
    Opis:
    Solutions based on “equivalence interference” are proposed for various problems involving OE verbs. WG verbs with 1SG /-ͻͻmi/ were modeled on Celtic verbs with /-aami/. Pre-OE eode is from /eiͻͻde/, analogical to 1SG /eiͻͻmi/ from /eimi/. OE dyd- is from reinterpretation of peasant /dïd-/, from low-stressed /ded-/ used as a non-emphatic periphrastic, as noble /düd-/. WG /bii-/ ‘be’ was modeled on Celtic /bii-/ ‘(habitual-future) be’. Habitual-future /bi-/ (lost on the continent) re-developed in OE on the model of habitual-future /bi-/ in Brittonic. The English rule that non-indicative forms of BE are /b/-forms is from Brittonic. 3PL bi(o)đon was modeled on Brittonic /biđont/. Pre-OE /ist/ and /im/ were influenced by Brittonic /is/ and /æm/. Loss of distinct endings before 1PL and 2PL subject pronouns and loss of distinct preterit subjunctive endings were both modeled on their analogues in Brittonic.
    Źródło:
    Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies; 2019, 28/2; 25-45
    0860-5734
    Pojawia się w:
    Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Possible Solutions for Long-standing Problems Involving Old English Nominal Forms
    Autorzy:
    L, White, David
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/888818.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020-09-14
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
    Tematy:
    West Germanic
    Old English
    Celtic influence
    equivalence interference
    Opis:
    Solutions are presented, most involving Celtic influences in West Germanic (WG) dur- ing the ancient period, for some long-standing problems involving nominal forms. The M N-SG forms of /n/-stems in WG may be seen as due to loss of /-n/ (in analogical /-ͻͻn/) having happened after shortening. Apparent replacement of the F G-SG by the D-SG in WG may be seen as due to the D-SG of the F personal pronoun being employed, in “external possession”, as a kind of indirect reflexive, after /siin-/ became limited (for reasons connected with Celtic influence) to M SG meaning. This case has analogues in Romance. Final /-s/ in the A-PL of M /a/-stems may be seen as due to Celtic influence causing /-nz/ to be replaced by /-ns/.
    Źródło:
    Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies; 2020, 29/2; 27-53
    0860-5734
    Pojawia się w:
    Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Old English Without Short Diphthongs: The Outlines of a New Interpretation
    Autorzy:
    White, David L.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/888709.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
    Tematy:
    Old English
    short diphthongs
    Irish
    missionary linguists
    Riothamus Syndrome
    Opis:
    The traditional interpretation of Old English (OE) spelling is problematic in (1) positing short diphthongs, not otherwise known to exist, and (2) not resolving various coincidences involving the spelling/writing of Old Irish (OI ): that OI uses spellings that appear to represent short diphthongs (gaib) but do not, and that OE is written in the Irish hand. Both problems can be solved by positing that the spelling/writing system of OE was developed by Irish missionary linguists who perceived OE as being like OI in having front and back consonants, and spelt OE in the manner of OI : using front or back vowels as diacritics for front or back consonants.
    Źródło:
    Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies; 2015, 24/2; 5-25
    0860-5734
    Pojawia się w:
    Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Old English without Short Diphthongs: An Alternative Historical Phonology
    Autorzy:
    White, David L.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/973926.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
    Tematy:
    Old English
    short diphthongs
    breaking
    Brittonic influence
    Anglo-Frisian
    Opis:
    As there are serious questions about whether short diphthongs are possible phonemes, the question arises as to what the prehistory of Old English would be without short diphthongs. The most important question is what breaking was, and the answer given is that breaking was a conditioned change of /xʲ to /xˠ/ in noble dialect, in reaction against /xʲ/ in peasant dialect, itself motivated by the phonology of Brittonic. Such a scenario involves violating some of the foundational assumptions of the field, and the violations in question are noted. Examination reveals other cases of Brittonic influence, which apply not only to Old English but to Anglo-Frisian generally, supporting the idea that the Frisians originated as Angles who were driven back the continent. Fundamentally, the idea is to show that a prehistory of Old English without short diphthongs is possible.
    Źródło:
    Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies; 2016, 25/2; 5-29
    0860-5734
    Pojawia się w:
    Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Irish Influence in the Consonantal Spellings of Old English
    Autorzy:
    White, David L.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/889022.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
    Tematy:
    Old English
    consonant
    spelling
    Jesuit missionaries
    Irish language
    Opis:
    The consonantal spellings of Old English (OE) were significantly influenced by the consonantal spellings of Old Irish (OI). 1) vs. (post-vocalic) : though OE did not have a distinction between /θ/ and /ð/, OI did, spelling this as vs. (postvocalic) . 2) vs. : though OE did not have a distinction between /h/ and /x/, OI did, spelling the latter as . 3) and : both spellings appear to be from Irish. 4) : spellings of the “mixed voice” type, including “cg”, occur in OI, where they can spell either single or geminate voiced plosives. 5) (and ): almost certainly in final position in OE represent singles, not geminates, as they can in OI. 6) Spelling rules referring to post-vocalic position: all cases show OE spelling having had, like OI spelling, rules referring to post-vocalic position, which appear to be additionally evidenced by “illogical doubling” in Northumbrian. 7) The meaning of before front Vs: in OE spelling as in OI spelling, but not as in Roman Latin spelling, before front Vs spells a palatal approximant rather than a palatal affricate. The overall conclusion is that the OE spelling system was developed by Irish missionary linguists.
    Źródło:
    Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies; 2017, 26/2; 5-23
    0860-5734
    Pojawia się w:
    Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Evidence for the invalidity of the Wingate test for the assessment of peak power, power decrement and muscular fatigue
    Autorzy:
    Robergs, Robert A
    Kennedy, David
    Gibson, Ann L.
    Zuhl, Micah
    Hsu, Hung-Sheng
    Beam, Jason
    Salgado, Roy M.
    White, Ailish C.
    Majumdar, Aditi
    Lawson, Steve
    Estrada, Edson
    Sierra, Gustavo
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1054919.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Szczeciński. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego
    Tematy:
    cadence
    ergometry
    fatigue
    force
    motor unit recruitment
    Opis:
    We hypothesized that the protocol-induced initial cadence of the WAnT is too high to allow high muscle force production and peak power generation. Twenty endurance, strength or power trained subjects (9 male, 11 female) completed two 30 s maximal exertion stationary cycle ergometer tests involving the traditional peak cadence start (TRAD) vs. a stationary start (STAT). Inertia corrected mechanical power, cadence, EMG from the vastus lateralis, and applied force to the pedals were measured continuously throughout both tests. Peak power was higher during TRAD; 11.32 ±1.41 vs. 10.40 ±1.35 Watts/kg (p < 0.0001), as was peak cadence; 171.4 ±16.3 vs. 120.9 ±15.1 rev/min (p < 0.0001). However, during TRAD EMG root mean squared (rms) increased continuously throughout the test, force applied to the pedals increased from 1 to 3 s (0.73 ±0.27 vs. 0.90 ±0.39 N/kg; p = 0.02) and thereafter remained relatively stable. EMG mean frequency also increased from 1 to 3 s, but then decreased throughout the remainder of the test. During TRAD, mechanical power decreased near immediately despite increasing EMG rms, EMGmean frequency and force application to the pedals. The initial 10 s of data from the WAnT is invalid. We recommend that intense cycle ergometer testing should commence with a stationary start.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine; 2015, 10, 2; 63-78
    2300-9705
    2353-2807
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-9 z 9

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