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    Wyświetlanie 1-4 z 4
    Tytuł:
    On the Preventative Effect of Sanctions for Drug Crime: The United States, Germany, and Portugal
    Autorzy:
    Kury, Helmut
    Kuhlmann, Annette
    Quintas, Jorge
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/962402.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
    Tematy:
    polityka narkotykowa
    rozwój przestępczości narkotykowej
    prewencyjny efekt surowego karania
    alternatywy wobec karania
    terapia zamiast kary
    drug policies
    development of drug crime
    crime prevention
    effect of harsh punishment
    alternatives to punishment
    treatment instead of punishment
    Opis:
    One of the most discussed types of crime in Western countries is the use and sale of illegal drugs, especially hard drugs. The debate has become more heated over the few last years in the context of controversies over migration from the south to the north and an intensification of drug dealing. On the one hand, we find an increasing acceptance of soft drugs, while on the other hand, conservative groups argue for harsher punishment to reduce the problem. This chapter discusses the developments in the USA, Germany, and Portugal and raises doubts about the effectiveness of more and harsher punishment on crime prevention.   Używanie oraz sprzedaż narkotyków, szczególnie narkotyków twardych, jest jednym z najszerzej omawianych rodzajów przestępczości w krajach zachodnich, który jednocześnie budzi najwięcej kontrowersji. Debata wokół tej kwestii zyskała na znaczeniu w ostatnich latach w związku z nasileniem krytyki migracji z krajów globalnego Południa do krajów globalnej Północy i wzrostem zjawiska handlu narkotykami. Z jednej strony widać rosnącą akceptację używania narkotyków miękkich, z drugiej jednak grupy konserwatystów rozwiązanie problemu używania i sprzedaży narkotyków widzą w zaostrzeniu sankcji karnych. Niniejszy tekst omawia te zjawiska na przykładzie Stanów Zjednoczonych, Niemiec oraz Portugalii, podając w wątpliwość prewencyjne skutki zaostrzenia kar.
    Źródło:
    Archiwum Kryminologii; 2019, XLI/1; 261-295
    0066-6890
    2719-4280
    Pojawia się w:
    Archiwum Kryminologii
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Refugees: Post Traumatic Stress, and Crime Experiences from Germany
    Autorzy:
    Kury, Helmut
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1968295.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-06-30
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
    Tematy:
    refugees and migrants
    situation in Germany
    right wing partys
    immigration politics
    refugees and crime rate
    Opis:
    The immigration of refugees since 2014, especially from North African Countries has the last year an increasing critical political discussion in the population, also in Germany, the goal of many migrants. While on the background of political signals at the beginning of the movement refugees were welcome by the majority of the population, meanwhile criticism is more and more expressed in the media and political discussion. In many European Countries right wing parties were established, also in Germany (Alternative für Deutschland-AfD). The last vote for the European Parliament shows for Germany an increasing acceptance of this party, especially in Eastern Germany, the former German Democratic Republic. Very often the public is not very well informed by the media. On one side there are reports of an increasing crime rate, without differenciating the background of, on the other side the German industry needs the immigrants, there are many open positions for workers. The chapter gives a short overview about the discussion about the topic in Germany.
    Źródło:
    Kultura i Edukacja; 2019, 2(124); 73-90
    1230-266X
    Pojawia się w:
    Kultura i Edukacja
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    How Efficient Is Severe Punishment, Or: More Punishment, Less Crime?
    Autorzy:
    Kury, Helmut
    Brandenstein, Martin
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698860.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
    Tematy:
    surowa kara
    przestępstwa
    zwalczanie przestępczości
    zapobieganie przestępczości
    severe punishment
    offences
    fighting against crime
    crime prevention
    Źródło:
    Archiwum Kryminologii; 2008, XXIX-XXX; 133-142
    0066-6890
    2719-4280
    Pojawia się w:
    Archiwum Kryminologii
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Obraz przestępczości w Niemczech oraz w Polsce w okresie transformacji ustrojowej (wybrane aspekty)
    Crime in Germany and Poland in the Period of Transformation (Selected aspects)
    Autorzy:
    Kury, Helmut
    Krajewski, Krzysztof
    Obergefell-Fuchs, Joachim
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/699163.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    1996
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
    Tematy:
    przestępczość
    Niemcy
    Polska
    okres transformacji ustrojowej
    statystyki policyjne
    delinquency
    Germany
    Polska
    period of transformation
    police statistics
    Opis:
    Among the negative side-effects of the fall of "Realsozialismus" in Central and Eastern Europe and the process of political, social and economic transformations initiated in 1989 there was a deterioration of internal safety in those countries. According to a popular opinion, this was manifested, among other things, by a growth - a rapid one in many instances - in the extent and intensity of crime, and also in negative changes of its structure which consisted in a particularly fast growth of tle most serious crime or emergence of its new and very dangerous forms, hitherto unknown in those countries. From this viewpoint, criminological literature in all those countries without exception has recently been presenting an extremely pessimistic picture of a growing threat of crime which can at any moment get out of control. As a consequence, fear of crime is growing in societies involved, and appeals can be heard more and more often from politicians that “law and order” be instituted. The present paper does not aim at negating either the growth of crime in post-Communist societies itself or the negative changes of the structure of crime. It is our aim first of all to compare the state of crime that follows from the two basic modern sources of information on this area, that is oflicial statistics of crime and victimization surveys, and to point to some related problems. The analysis is limited to two countries, Germany and Poland. Concerned in the former case is, of course, mainly analysis of phenomena found in the new federal lands of united Germany, that is the territory of former GDR, but also consequences of the union for the state of crime in Germany as a whole. One of the basic problems posed by analysis of extent, intensity and dynamics of reported crime, that is crime recorded in oflicial statistics in countries of Central and Eastern Europe, is reliability of statistical data from the period of “Realsozialismus” which serve as the point of departure of all comparisons. The growth in reported crime in the territory of former GDR has indeed been dramatic after 1990; yet the point of departure for comparisons involved here are GDR police statistics which showed the extent of reported crime as 10% of that in “old” FRG. Today, German criminologists agree that GDR crime statistics were regularly “improved” for ideological and political reasons, the real extent of crime being much higher there.             Similar problems can be found in Poland where a rapid growth in reported crime took place only once in principle, that is in 1990. Later on, the extent of reported crime became stabilized at the new level “established” in 1990. It is highly improbable that the impact of social and economic reform on crime in Poland was limited to a “big bang” in 1990 and then ceased. Also here, we dealt rather with a specific statistical artifact and not with a single rapid growth in the extent of crime. What also speaks for this thesis is the fact that crime used to be “under-recorded” in police statistics in Poland as well through a policy of extremely selective reception by the police of information about offenses. Abandonment of this practice after 1989 resulted in a serious growth of recorded crime. Appraising the dynamics of reported crime in Central and Eastern Europe, one should also bear it in mind that the growth in crime there not necessarily followed the breakdown of “Realsozialismus”. In many countries, former USSR in particular, the growth in crime actually preceded change. Also in recent years, Central and East-European statistics have by no means been showing a constant and rapid growth in reported crime. There were rather fluctuations (if quite rapid at times), followed by a recent downward trend in some of the countries involved. Still another important problem is comparison of the extent of reported crime in post-Communist and in developed Western societies. Discussing the “flood” of crime in Central and Eastern Europe, one tends to forget that in most cases, the actual extent of crime in the region is still much lower than in most countries of Western Europe. Comparison of the situation in Germany and Poland may serve as an example here. I ulated. As far as possible, the state of crime in post-Communist societies should also be appraised on the basis of sources other than the official statistics. Helpful here can be first of all data from victimization surveys, alas still a rarity in Central and Eastern Europe. Yet basing on available data for Germany and Poland (chiefly from the International Crime Survey of 1992) it can be stated that victimization surveys show an extent of real crime much higher than the one that follows from official statistical data. This means a very high dark number of crime in Poland and elsewhere in the region, caused probably by the people’s very low tendency to report facts of victimization to the police. At any rate, from data on victimization it follows that the extent of real crime in Poland is higher as compared to Germany. This is not to say, though, that crime in Poland “breaks all the records”. With some exceptions concerning chiefly offenses against property such as theft and pickpocketing, Poland has an average extent of crime judging by European “standards'” in this respect. Basing on data from victimization surveys, also the territorial differentiation of the extent of crime in Germany and Poland can be analyzed. The basic problem in Germany is the noticeable difference between southern and northern lands, the latter having a much higher extent of crime, and also the process of the new lands “catching up” with or even “outstripping” the old ones in this respect during the last five years. Quite distinct regularities can also be found in Poland; some of them are known from earlier literature. Thus first of all, there is a noticeably higher extent of crime in Western and Northern Territories of Poland and a low extent in Wielkopolska region. It is interesting to correlate those regularities with selected demographic and socio-economic data on individual regions of the two countries. In Germany, unfavorable values of those indices found in the north of “old” FRG and in former GDR are rather explicitly correlated with a higher extent of crime. In Poland where territorial differentiation of the indices is less distinct, some regularities in this respect can nevertheless be found, too. At the samo time it seems, though, that the extent of crime in Poland is the highest in regions where, due to specific local features, the social costs of reform are the greatest and most painful.
    Źródło:
    Archiwum Kryminologii; 1996, XXII; 7-41
    0066-6890
    2719-4280
    Pojawia się w:
    Archiwum Kryminologii
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-4 z 4

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