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Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 48
Tytuł:
Dielectric properties of perovskite multiferroic Pb(Fe0.5Nb0.5)O3-Bi0.95Dy0.05FeO3 thick films
Właściwości dielektryczne perowskitowych multiferroicznych grubych warstw Pb(Fe0.5Nb0.5)O3-Bi0.95Dy0.05FeO3
Autorzy:
Stoch, A.
Kulawik, J.
Szwagierczak, D.
Groger, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/192022.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Technologii Materiałów Elektronicznych
Tematy:
perowskitowe multiferroiki
warstwa gruba
właściwości dielektryczne
perovskite multiferroics
thick films
dielectric properties
Opis:
The paper reports the preparation and deposition of dielectric thick films exhibiting multiferroic properties. The developed layers are based on solid solutions of two multiferroic compounds with perovskite structure -- relaxor Pb(Fe0.5Nb0.5)O3 and Bi0.95Dy0.05FeO3. Complex impedance and dielectric permittivity of thick films were determined as a function of temperature (from - 55 to 450°C) and frequency (10 Hz - 2 MHz). DC resistivity was measured in the temperature range 20 - 400°C. Microstructure of the samples was studied using a scanning electron microscope. In complex plane impedance spectra there exists a single arc at a given temperature associated with grains which decreases and shifts to higher frequencies with increasing temperature. The maximum values of dielectric permittivity of the investigated layers were 2000 - 4000 in the temperature range from -55 to 150°C at 1 kHz. Two broad ε'maxima ascribed to relaxor ferroelectric transition and dielectric relaxation occur in the temperature range from -55 to 450°C. Low sintering temperature appropriate for the conventional thick film procedure, dense microstructure and high dielectric permittivity slightly changing over a wide frequency and temperature ranges are advantages of the developed compositions.
W artykule opisano przygotowanie i nanoszenie dielektrycznych grubych warstw wykazujących multiferroiczne właściwości. Opracowane warstwy oparte są na dwóch multiferroicznych związkach o strukturze perowskitu - relaksorze Pb(Fe0.5Nb0.5)O3 i Bi0.95Dy0.05FeO3. Badano zespoloną impedancję i przenikalność elektryczną grubych warstw w funkcji temperatury (od -55 do 450°C) i częstotliwości (10 Hz - 2 MHz). Mierzono przewodnictwo dc w zakresie temperatur 20 - 400°C. Badano mikrostrukturę próbek przy użyciu mikroskopu skaningowego. Na wykresach zespolonej impedancji w danej temperaturze istnieje pojedynczy łuk, związany z ziarnami, który zmniejsza się i przesuwa w stronę wyższych częstotliwości ze wzrostem temperatury. Maksymalne wartości przenikalności elektrycznej badanych warstw wynoszą 2000 - 4000 w zakresie temperatur od -55 do 150°C dla 1 kHz. W zakresie temperatur od -55 do 450°C występują dwa szerokie maksima ε' przypisywane przemianie ferroelektrycznej i relaksacji dielektrycznej. Korzystnymi cechami opracowanych kompozycji są: niska temperatura spiekania odpowiednia dla konwencjonalnej procedury grubowarstwowej, zwarta mikrostruktura i wysoka przenikalność elektryczna słabo zmieniająca się w szerokim zakresie częstotliwości i temperatur.
Źródło:
Materiały Elektroniczne; 2008, T. 36, nr 3, 3; 138-150
0209-0058
Pojawia się w:
Materiały Elektroniczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Structural, Electrical and Mössbauer Effect Studies of 0.5Bi $rm_{0.95}Dy_{0.05}FeO_3-0.5Pb(Fe_{0.5}Nb_{0.5})O_3$ Multiferroics
Autorzy:
Stoch, A.
Kulawik, J.
Stoch, P.
Maurin, J.
Zachariasz, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1811599.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008-12
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
61.05.cp
76.80.+y
77.22.-d
Opis:
$0.5Bi_{0.95}Dy_{0.05}FeO_3-0.5Pb(Fe_{0.5}Nb_{0.5})O_3$ is a multiferroic material which exhibits ferroelectric and antiferromagnetic ordering. (The synthesis of such compounds is rather difficult.) In this paper the way of the synthesis of $0.5Bi_{0.95}Dy_{0.05}FeO_3-0.5Pb(Fe_{0.5}Nb_{0.5})O_3$ is presented. The detailed X-ray and Mössbauer effect studies were done and crystal and hyperfine interaction parameters were obtained. To measure electrical properties of the compound the impedance spectroscopy measurements were performed. The obtained impedance spectra were fitted using a proposed equivalent electrical circuit and the results were discussed in the scope of the brick layer model without easy paths.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2008, 114, 6; 1585-1590
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Polityka fiskalna i budzetowa a finanse polskiego rolnictwa
Fiscal and budgetary policies and the financial situation of Polish agriculture
Autorzy:
Kulawik, J
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/879932.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Instytut Ekonomiki Rolnictwa i Gospodarki Żywnościowej - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
polityka gospodarcza
polityka fiskalna
polityka redystrybucyjna
polityka alokacyjna
polityka stabilizacyjna
polityka antycykliczna zob.polityka stabilizacyjna
polityka budzetowa zob.tez polityka fiskalna
dostosowania fiskalne
rolnictwo
finanse
fundusze
wykorzystanie
Opis:
Fiscal and budgetary policies are the basic instruments used by public authorities to influence finances of agricultural sector. Each time these policies are shaped – the outcome is a result of changing social preferences and forces among key political actors. This leads to a situation, where both fiscal policy and budgetary policy remain of national nature and are subject to political cycle rules. Farmers, however, have developed the mechanisms of political over-representation well, but the group will most probably also be affected by fiscal adjustments, which are planned as budgetary instruments of current market stimulation programmes. Polish agriculture continues to increase the surplus of funds generated therein, despite a small slowdown. This rate would be even slower if it were not for domestic and EU subsidies. There dependencies are a particular reason to worry if you consider that after 2013 net payers to the EU budget will wish to radically limit their contribution, while Poland will most probably be facing considerable fiscal problems if it decides to introduce the euro currency, while economic growth fails to accelerate considerably.
Źródło:
Zagadnienia Ekonomiki Rolnej; 2009, 4; 21-39
0044-1600
2392-3458
Pojawia się w:
Zagadnienia Ekonomiki Rolnej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
System monitorowania efektywnosci o produktywnosci przedsiebiorstw rolniczych
System for monitoring the efficiency and productivity of agricultural enterprises
Autorzy:
Kulawik, J
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/879705.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Instytut Ekonomiki Rolnictwa i Gospodarki Żywnościowej - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
przedsiebiorstwa rolne
produktywnosc
efektywnosc pracy
efektywnosc ekonomiczna
efektywnosc finansowa
monitoring
systemy monitoringu
zarzadzanie
koncepcje zarzadzania
zarzadzanie wartoscia
koncepcja VBM zob.tez zarzadzanie wartoscia
system ZPW
zrownowazona karta wynikow
koncepcja spolecznie odpowiedzialnego biznesu
Opis:
Efficiency and productivity, as well as quality of the manufactured products and innovative activity of enterprises and agricultural holdings are today the key determinants of the increase in products competitiveness. At the same time, the above-mentioned terms form complex categories, which are variously defined and measured. Consequently, their analysis requires high precision, intuition and experience, as well as regularity. The system presented in the paper conforms with the requirements. It is simultaneously a framework proposal, hence, it is flexible and open to consider external impacts. First of all, the system was drawn up in order to satisfy the needs of external analysts, but it can be also used to support the management steering processes of specific entities. Its structure refers to five concepts of managing the present-day organisations, however, each time it is determined on the basis of specific problems occurring in agriculture and respectively modified as a result of the most recent economic crisis. The presented monitoring system incorporates different categories of organisational efficiency. It means, inter alia, that is does not place financial efficiency against economic efficiency, instead it aims at determining the conditions for adequate use of both of them.
Źródło:
Zagadnienia Ekonomiki Rolnej; 2009, 3; 33-49
0044-1600
2392-3458
Pojawia się w:
Zagadnienia Ekonomiki Rolnej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Efektywność przedsiębiorstw wielkotowarowych w rolnictwie
Autorzy:
Kulawik, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/879071.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Instytut Ekonomiki Rolnictwa i Gospodarki Żywnościowej - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Opis:
The term efficiency is complex, relative and multi-dimensional from the viewpoint of economics, praxeology as well as system research. Therefore, the efficiency should be definedwith great precision and its categorization, measurement, an interpretation of its changes as well as identification of factors having an influence on efficiency require some care. Praxeology seems to constitute a good starting point in solving the above problems. When considering the efficiency of managing an organization, a set of instruments provided by praxeology is also very useful for operationalization of a measurement procedure. Differentiation of efficiency, its changes and improvement are determined by many factors. Until recently all of the research in this area has been focused on the intra-organizationalfactors. In the current state of knowledge, it is necessary to extend the analyses to take also into account the impact of operating environment, at local, national and even global level, on the functioning and the efficiency of enterprises including the agricultural ones.
Źródło:
Zagadnienia Ekonomiki Rolnej; 2010, 3
0044-1600
2392-3458
Pojawia się w:
Zagadnienia Ekonomiki Rolnej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ewolucja prawa dotyczącego finansów publicznych w Polsce a finanse rolnictwa
Evolution of the law on public finance in Poland and the agricultural sectors finances
Autorzy:
Kulawik, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/878754.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Instytut Ekonomiki Rolnictwa i Gospodarki Żywnościowej - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Źródło:
Zagadnienia Ekonomiki Rolnej; 2010, 1
0044-1600
2392-3458
Pojawia się w:
Zagadnienia Ekonomiki Rolnej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Financial efficiency in agriculture. The essence, measurement and perspectives
Autorzy:
Kulawik, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/878744.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Instytut Ekonomiki Rolnictwa i Gospodarki Żywnościowej - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Opis:
Financial efficiency is one of the basic categories used to describe the state, functioning and development possibilities of various types of organizations. The essence of the financial efficiency, content and tools evolve constantly. The same goes for agriculture. Although this sector still observes the domination of classic accounting measures and ratios, describing past accomplishments not linked to market appraisal, new concepts arise gradually, which suite the contemporary conditions of farming as well as the goals and expectations of farmers themselves. The above induces the implementation of financial efficiency measurement patterns based on economic profit and cash flows. Such patterns feature reference to the process of value creation, thus treating farms as financial investment and subjects of investment decisions.
Źródło:
Zagadnienia Ekonomiki Rolnej; 2010, 1 Dodatek
0044-1600
2392-3458
Pojawia się w:
Zagadnienia Ekonomiki Rolnej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Globalizacja finansowa a finanse rolnictwa
Autorzy:
Kulawik, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/879859.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Instytut Ekonomiki Rolnictwa i Gospodarki Żywnościowej - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Opis:
Financial globalization affects agricultural finance through the foreign exchange channel and the transfer of disturbances within financial systems, as well as a decrease in overall economic activity abroad. International external factors modify the nature, objectives and instruments of the national macroeconomic policy, and thus, in the narrowest perspective, the combination of fiscal and monetary policy. In wider terms, macroeconomic policy today must also take account of the financial stability of the state. These are all parameters given for financial policy in agriculture, which i.a. decrease the effectiveness of fiscal and monetary multipliers, and in consequence reduce marginal and average effectiveness of financial interventionism. The programmes enhancing fiscal and monetary expansion in agriculture should therefore be prepared with great caution and regular monitoring should cover the sector’s debt, prices on the land and lease market, mechanisms of agricultural price transmission, creating margins and values in the supply chains, and the risk of speculative bubbles in the area of agricultural assets and agri-food products.
Źródło:
Zagadnienia Ekonomiki Rolnej; 2011, 1
0044-1600
2392-3458
Pojawia się w:
Zagadnienia Ekonomiki Rolnej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of heating rate on sorbitic transformation temperature of tempering C45 steel
Autorzy:
Kulawik, A.
Winczek, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/383135.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
heat treatment
laser treatment
tempering
phase transformation
obróbka cieplna
obróbka laserowa
odpuszczanie stali
przemiana fazowa
Opis:
In this paper the analysis of speed heating influence on sorbitic transormation temperature of tempering C45 steel is presented. On the basis of dilatometric research, functions associating heating time with initial and final temperature of sorbitic transformation have been determined as well as the size structural (γ) and thermal (α) expansion coefficients of quenching and tempering structures have been estimated.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2011, 11, 2 spec.; 131-134
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Structural and Mössbauer Effect Studies of $0.5Bi_{0.95}Dy_{0.05}FeO_{3}-$$0.5Pb(Fe_{2//3}W_{1//3})O_{3}$ Multiferroic
Autorzy:
Stoch, A.
Zachariasz, P.
Stoch, P.
Kulawik, J.
Maurin, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1506596.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011-01
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
61.05.cp
61.66.Fn
75.50.Ee
77.84.Lf
Opis:
A polycrystalline ceramic of $0.5Bi_{0.95}Dy_{0.05}FeO_{3}-$ $0.5Pb(Fe_{2//3}W_{1//3})O_{3}$ was synthesized from a solid-state reaction method. At room temperature material exhibits both magnetic and electric dipolar properties simultaneously. Detailed X-ray diffraction analysis and Mössbauer effect studies have been done to determine the crystallographic structure and magnetic properties of $0.5Bi_{0.95}Dy_{0.05}FeO_{3}-$ $0.5Pb(Fe_{2//3}W_{1//3})O_{3}$. $T_{N}$ temperature was estimated at around 600 K.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2011, 119, 1; 59-61
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Structural and Mössbauer Effect Studies of $0.7Bi_{0.95}Dy_{0.05}FeO_3-$$0.3Pb(Fe_{0.5}Nb_{0.5})O_3$ Multiferroic
Autorzy:
Stoch, A.
Kulawik, J.
Stoch, P.
Maurin, J.
Zachariasz, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1506595.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011-01
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
61.05.cp
61.66.Fn
75.50.Ee
76.08.+y
77.84.Lf
Opis:
$0.7Bi_{0.95}Dy_{0.05}FeO_{3}-$ $0.3Pb(Fe_{0.5}Nb_{0.5})O_{3}$ is a multiferroic material which exhibits ferroelectric and antiferromagnetic ordering. In this paper the way of the synthesis of $0.7Bi_{0.95}Dy_{0.05}FeO_{3}-$ $0.3Pb(Fe_{0.5}Nb_{0.5})O_{3}$ is presented. The detailed X-ray and Mössbauer effect studies were done and crystal and hyperfine interaction parameters were obtained.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2011, 119, 1; 56-58
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Application of High Permittivity Bismuth Copper Titanate in Multilayer Capacitors
Autorzy:
Szwagierczak, D.
Kulawik, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1490915.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012-01
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
77.22.-d
81.20.-n
84.32.Tt
85.40.Xx
Opis:
A nonferroelectric high permittivity compound with the perovskite structure, $Bi_{2//3}Cu_3Ti_4O_{12}$, was synthesized at 900°C. The ceramic powder and appropriate organic additives were used for preparation of a slurry for tape casting. The obtained green tapes were smooth, flexible, and with a uniform thickness of 25 μm after drying at 50°C. Ag electrodes were screen printed on green rectangular sheets cut by a laser. Subsequent operations were screen printing of Ag internal electrodes, stacking of green sheets, isostatic lamination, cutting, deposition of external terminations and co-firing of dielectric and conductive layers at 850°C. Scanning electron microscopy observations showed well sintered, dense, fine-grained microstructure of ceramic layers and good cooperation with the electrodes made of commercial Ag paste. Capacitance and dissipation factor of multilayer capacitors were examined in the temperature range from - 55 to 330C at frequencies 10 Hz-2 MHz. The fabricated multilayer capacitors exhibit high capacitance and relatively low temperature coefficient of capacitance in the temperature range from - 55 to 110°C. The obtained lead-free high permittivity nonferroelectric material $Bi_{2//3}Cu_3Ti_4O_{12}$ is a spontaneously formed internal barrier capacitor. This material seems to be a promising alternative for conventional lead-based relaxor dielectrics in multilayer ceramic capacitors.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2012, 121, 1; 119-121
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Koszty administracyjne i transakcyjne subsydiowania rolnictwa
Autorzy:
Kulawik, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/880103.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Instytut Ekonomiki Rolnictwa i Gospodarki Żywnościowej - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Opis:
Administrative and transaction-related costs have a long-established position in economic sciences, including agricultural economics. Unfortunately, so far economists have not created a uniform methodology for defining, classifying, and measuring them. The direction that should be perhaps considered most fecund when seeking advancements in this field, is the Standard Cost Model (SCM) and its derivatives (e.g. ACM). However, it needs to be supplemented with tools from the area of new public management, that is Public Value, CAF, or the ISO 9001 norms. As regards financial interventionism, administrative and transaction-related costs first made their appearance in the area of credit subsidies. It was much later that the research focussed on the evaluation of the overall “tool kit” of financial and budgetary politics in agriculture. It has been conducted, however, on the basis of different methodologies, which hampers the comparison of the produced results. Also, on many occasions the test samples were too small to be used in the more advanced quantitative analyses.
Źródło:
Zagadnienia Ekonomiki Rolnej; 2012, 2
0044-1600
2392-3458
Pojawia się w:
Zagadnienia Ekonomiki Rolnej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Magnetoelectric Properties of $0.3Bi_{0.95}Dy_{0.05}FeO_3-0.7Pb(Fe_{2//3}W_{1//3})O_3$ Multiferroic
Autorzy:
Stoch, A.
Stoch, P.
Kulawik, J.
Zieliński, P.
Maurin, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1490931.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012-01
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
75.85.+t
77.22.-d
77.55.Nv
77.80.-e
77.80.Jk
Opis:
Pb-based complex perovskites with $Fe^{3+}$ like $Pb(Fe_{2//3}W_{1//3})O_3$ were found to be interesting because of their unique properties such as relaxor and magnetoelectric behavior. $Pb(Fe_{2//3}W_{1//3})O_3$ is ferroelectric with ferroelectric Curie temperature $T_{C}$ between 150 and 200 K and at the same time is antiferromagnetic with magnetic Néel temperature about 400 K. $BiFeO_3$ is a well known perovskite compound which exhibits ferroelectric ($T_{C}$ = 1103 K) and antiferromagnetic ($T_{N}$ = 643 K) ordering simultaneously. The polycrystalline sample of $0.3Bi_{0.95}Dy_{0.05}FeO_3-0.7Pb(Fe_{2//3}W_{1//3})O_3$ were synthesized using standard sintering procedure. Magnetization vs. magnetic field (at 4.2 K) curves were measured. Magnetoelectric properties of the sample were obtained.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2012, 121, 1; 128-130
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Multiferroic Cobalt Ferrite-Lead Iron Tungstate Composites
Autorzy:
Kulawik, J.
Szwagierczak, D.
Guzdek, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1490917.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012-01
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
75.50.-y
75.60.Ej
75.85.+t
77.22.Ch
Opis:
The paper presents dielectric, magnetic and magnetoelectric properties of multiferroic bulk composites based on $CoFe_2O_4$ ferrite and $Pb(Fe_{2//3}W_{1//3})O_3$ relaxor. X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy observations of ceramic samples revealed two-phase composition and fine grained microstructure with uniformly distributed ferromagnetic and ferroelectric phases. Dielectric permittivity measured in a temperature range 218-773 K at frequencies of 10 Hz-2 MHz exhibits high and broad maxima attributed to dielectric relaxation. The hysteresis determined in a temperature range 4-393 K for magnetic field changing from - 80 kOe to 80 kOe is typical of hard magnetic materials. Saturation magnetizations and coercivities were found to decrease with increasing temperature. The courses of zero field cooled and field cooled magnetization versus temperature curves measured in the temperature range 4-393 K imply spin glass behavior of the ferrite and antiferromagnetic transition of the relaxor at low temperatures. The ferrite-relaxor composite shows high magnetoelectric voltage coefficient which distinctly increases with increasing frequency of ac magnetic field and is slightly higher for higher ac and dc magnetic fields.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2012, 121, 1; 122-124
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 48

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