Autor: Krata, P. - Katalog OPAC zbiorów

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: Linear characteristics of the sloshing phenomenon for the purpose of on-board ship’s stability assessment
Linearyzacja w opisie zjawiska sloshingu na potrzeby eksploatacyjnej oceny stateczności statku
Autorzy:: Krata, P.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/281716.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2009
Wydawca:: Polskie Towarzystwo Mechaniki Teoretycznej i Stosowanej
Tematy:: sloshing
free surface of liquids
ship's stability
Opis:: The paper presents results of experimental research and numerical simulations of the sloshing phenomenon. The research was focused on computation of the heeling moment affecting stability of a vessel. The proposed linearisation enables application of the results to the asses- sment of the ship’s stability. The dependence of the heeling moment upon localisation of a tank in the ship’s hull is analysed. The heeling moment obtained in the course of the research was compared to the moment computed in accordance with the Intact Stability Code requirements. The study may be a contribution to the more sophisticated estimation of the ship’s stability than it is achieved nowadays.
Artykuł prezentuje wyniki badań eksperymentalnych i symulacji numerycznych ruchu cieczy w niepełnych zbiornikach statku. Istostą badań było wyznaczenie momentu przechylającego statek wskutek ruchu cieczy w zbiornikach, co wpływa na stateczność poprzeczną statku. Zaproponowana metoda linearyzacji momentu umożliwia implementację wyników badań przedmiotowego zjawiska do praktyki oceny stateczności poprzecznej statku. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na zależność pomiędzy momentem przechylającym statek a lokalizacją niepełnego zbiornika względem osi kołysań bocznych. Zarazem wyznaczany moment przechylający został porównany do quasi-statycznego momentu wyliczonego zgodnie z zaleceniami Kodeksu ISC. Przeprowadzone badania mogą stanowić element poprawy wiarygodności oceny stateczności statku dokonywanej ru- tynowo przez oficerów ładunkowych.
Źródło:: Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics; 2009, 47, 2; 307-320
1429-2955
Pojawia się w:: Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 2.

Tytuł:: The dynamic free surface effect for different locations of partly filled tanks on board ships
Dynamiczny efekt występowania swobodnych powierzchni cieczy w zależności od lokalizacji na statku zbiorników częściowo zapełnionych
Autorzy:: Krata, P.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/256118.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2008
Wydawca:: Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Technologii Eksploatacji - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:: swobodna powierzchnia cieczy
stateczność dynamiczna statku
ocena stateczności
moment przechylający
sloshing
free surface effect
dynamic ship's stability
stability assessment
heeling moment
Opis:: The results of experimental research and numerical simulation of sloshing phenomenon are presented. The heeling moment due to the dynamic movement of the fluid in a partly filled ship's tank is computed. The dependence of heeling moment effects upon the locations of the tank in the hull is described.
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań eksperymentalnych i symulacji numerycznych w zakresie przebiegu momentu przechylającego statek wskutek ruchu cieczy w niepełnych zbiornikach. Uwagę zwrócono na wpływ położenia niepełnego zbiornika względem osi kołysań bocznych statku.
Źródło:: Problemy Eksploatacji; 2008, 1; 171-179
1232-9312
Pojawia się w:: Problemy Eksploatacji
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 3.

Tytuł:: The Impact of Sloshing Liquids on Ship Stability for Various Dimensions of Partly Filled Tanks
Autorzy:: Krata, P.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/117482.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2013
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:: Ship Stability
Hydrodynamics
Partly Filled Tanks
Sloshing Liquids
Dynamic Heeling Moment
Liquid Sloshing
Dynamic Stability
computational fluid dynamics (CFD)
Opis:: Liquid sloshing phenomenon taking place in partly filled ships’ tanks directly affects the stability of a vessel. However, only static calculations are carried out onboard ships nowadays and static transfer of liquid weight is taken into account in the course of routine stability calculation. The paper is focused on a dynamic heeling moment due to liquid sloshing in tanks onboard ships. A number of numerical simulations of liquid sloshing taking place in a moving tank is carried out. The wide range of ship’s tanks is taken into account. The conducted CFD simulations are experimentally verified. Finally, the method of an assessment of the liquid sloshing impact on ship transverse stability is worked out. The key point of the method is a dynamic coefficient describing relation of the researched dynamic heeling moment and the quasi-static one in terms of dynamic stability of a vessel which is related to the weather criterion of ship stability assessment.
Źródło:: TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2013, 7, 4; 481-489
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:: TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 4.

Tytuł:: Variations of Ship’s Deck Elevation Due to Stochastic Process of Containers Loading
Autorzy:: Krata, P.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/116250.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2015
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:: Containerization
Containers Loading
Ship's Deck Elevation
Stochastic Process
ship's stability
Container Terminal
Ship's Motion
Cargo Loading
Opis:: The stochastic process of container loading is described in the paper with special emphasis to ship motion when she is lying at a quay. The 3 DOF system was applied to describe rolling, pitching and heaving of a vessel which may cause a significant variations of momentary deck elevation. The realistic range of such variations are assessed for a variety of cargo locations on-board and a phase shift between two independent gantries engaged in cargo operations. The process is modeled with regard to random character of crucial variables affecting ship motion due to cargo loading.
Źródło:: TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2015, 9, 4; 467-473
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:: TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 5.

Tytuł:: A Method of Assessment of the Liquid Sloshing Impact on Ship Transverse Stability
Autorzy:: Krata, P.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/117159.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2014
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:: ship operation
liquid sloshing phenomenon
liquid sloshing
computational fluid dynamics (CFD)
hydrodynamics
ship stability
ship transverse stability
dynamic heeling moment
Opis:: Liquid sloshing phenomenon taking place in partly filled ships’ tanks directly affects the stability of a vessel. However, only static calculations are carried out onboard ships nowadays and static transfer of liquid weight is taken into account in the course of routine stability calculation. The paper is focused on a dynamic heeling moment due to liquid sloshing in tanks onboard ships. The set of numerical simulations of liquid sloshing taking place in moving tanks is carried out. The realistic range of geometric parameters is taken into account. The conducted CFD simulations are experimentally verified. Finally, the method of an assessment of the liquid sloshing impact on ship transverse stability is worked out. The key point of the method is a dynamic coefficient describing relation of the researched dynamic heeling moment and the quasi-static one in terms of dynamic stability of a vessel which is related to the weather criterion of ship stability assessment.
Źródło:: TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2014, 8 no. 4; 535-541
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:: TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 6.

Tytuł:: Total Losses of Fishing Vessels Due to the Insufficient Stability
Autorzy:: Krata, P.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/116892.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2008
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:: Safety and Security in Sea Transportation
Fishing Vessels
Insufficient Stability
Statistic Data Analysis
Hydrodynamic Phenomena
Safety of Fishing Vessels
Risk of Capsizing
Stability Criteria
Opis:: The paper presents the statistic data analysis of total losses of the fishing vessels. The emphasis is put on the total losses caused by the insufficient stability of considered ships. The research is focused on the fishing vessels, which are relatively small ones in marine industry, so they are most affected by the wind and rough sea. The correlation between type of the vessel, its size, the shape of its hull and the capsizing statistic is presented. The regularities noticed in course of statistic analysis allows to formulate the suggestions regarding the influence of some hydrodynamic phenomena on the safety of fishing vessels and the number on their total losses at the sea.
Źródło:: TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2008, 2, 3; 311-315
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:: TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 7.

Tytuł:: Model of Interaction of Water and Tank’s Structure in Sloshing Phenomenon
Autorzy:: Krata, P.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/117117.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2008
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:: Safety and Security in Sea Transportation
Sloshing Phenomenon
Water Tank
Model of Interaction
Experimental Research
Numerical Simulation
Equations of Ship's Movement
Heeling Moment Calculations
Opis:: The paper presents the model of interaction between ship’s tank structure and water contained in the tank. The experimental investigation of sloshing loads in ships’ tank is characterized and the need for description of mutual influence is underlined. The model of interaction is made up for rectangular ship’s tanks and it is assumed to be in time-domain and nonlinear. The solution is based on the data obtained by the experimental research and numerical simulation. The study may be the contribution to more sophisticated estimation of ship’s stability than it takes place nowadays.
Źródło:: TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2008, 2, 4; 389-395
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:: TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 8.

Tytuł:: Implementation of gravity model to estimation of transportation market shares
Obszary przewagi konkurencyjnej na rynku usług transportowych
Autorzy:: Krata, P.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/224208.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2010
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:: usługi transportowe
transport
konkurencyjność
przedsiębiorstwo transportowe
algorytm optymalizacji
transport market
competitiveness
transport enterprises
optimization algorithm
Opis:: The theoretical consideration presented in the paper is inspired by market gravity models, as an interesting attitude towards operations research on a market. The transportation market issues are emphasized. The mathematical model of relations, taking place between transportation companies and their customers on the market, which is applied in the course of the research is based on continuous functions characteristics. This attitude enables the use of the field theory notions. The resultant vector-type utility function facilitates obtaining of competitive advantage areas for all transportation companies located on the considered transportation market.
Prezentowane dociekania teoretyczne inspirowane są teorią grawitacji rynkowej, jako interesującym elementem badań rynkowych. Rozważaniom poddano rynek usług transportowych. Zastosowany został model relacji zachodzących pomiędzy przedsiębiorstwami transportowymi i ich klientami na rynku usług transportowych, wykorzystujący do opisu cech przedsiębiorstw i klientów funkcje ciągłe o charakterze lokalnym. Umożliwiło to aplikację wybranych elementów matematycznej teorii pola. Wykorzystana wektorowa funkcja użyteczności posłużyła do wyznaczania obszarów przewagi konkurencyjnej poszczególnych przedsiębiorstw transportowych na rynku usług transportowych, przy zastosowaniu zaproponowanego algorytmu optymalizacyjnego.
Źródło:: Archives of Transport; 2010, 22, 1; 83-96
0866-9546
2300-8830
Pojawia się w:: Archives of Transport
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 9.

Tytuł:: 3D CDF modeling of ships heeling moment due to liquid sloshing in tanks - a case study
Autorzy:: Krata, P.
Jachowski, J.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247761.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2010
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: CFD
safety against capsizing
ship's stability
liquid sloshing
free surface effect
Opis:: Modeling of liquid sloshing inside partly filled ships' tanks can be carried out by a variety of methods. The simplest and perhaps the less reliable is a quasi-static approach which is, however, recommended in the Intact Stability Code by the International Maritime Organization. Hence the only advantage of the static estimation of liquid sloshing is simplicity of calculations, the research into the application of CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) was performed in Department of Ship Operation at Gdynia Maritime University. The paper presents results of numerical simulations o f a liquid sloshing phenomenon performed by means of a code Fluent. The research was focused on a computation of the heeling moment affecting stability of a vessel, especially on the dynamic effects, which are omitted in obligatory intact ship's stability regulations nowadays. The computed distributions of dynamic pressures on tank walls were carried out for large oscillation amplitude which is characteristic for stormy sea conditions. Ali the simulations were computed in 3D mode and they provide high accuracy results. A case study described in the paper enables realistic comparison of the results of CFD liquid sloshing simulations and the simple statics based computations. The study reveals some weaknesses of the contemporary quasi-static approach towards the free surface effect and it might be the contribution to the more sophisticated estimation of the ship's stability than it is achieved nowadays.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2010, 17, 4; 245-251
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 10.

Tytuł:: Ships heeling moment due to liquid sloshing in tanks - 3D attitude
Autorzy:: Jachowski, J.
Krata, P.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242380.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2009
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: safety against capsizing
ship's stability
sloshing
free surface effect
Opis:: The matter of the paper refers to the dynamic stability of a vessel as an important factor affecting her safety at seaway. Ship 's seakeeping behaviour, which comprises the notion of her stability, is one of the researched key issues leading to the increase in understanding of the safety qualifying factors. Liquid sloshing phenomenon is a result of partly filled tank motions. As a tank moves, it supplies the energy to induce and sustain the fluid motion. The dynamic behaviour of a vessel at seaway is considerably affected by the dynamics of free liquid surfaces, therefore the influence of fluid movement taking place in partly filled tanks on the safety of ship 's exploitation process is emphasized. The paper presents the results of the experimental research and the numerical simulation of the sloshing phenomenon. The research was focused on the computation of the heeling moment affecting the stability of a vessel, especially dynamic effects, which are omitted in obligatory intact ship 's stability regulations nowadays. The experiment performed in the course of the research was carried out in Department of Ship Operation at Gdynia Maritime University. The unique test apparatus was designed and built. It enables to measure dynamic pressures on model tank walls for large oscillation amplitudes, which are characteristic for stormy sea conditions. The numerical simulations of liquid sloshing phenomenon, took into account the viscosity of liquid and the turbulence of considered flows. All the simulations were computed in 3D mode and they provide high accuracy results. The spatial distribution of dynamic pressures on model tank walls enables computation of heeling moment due to liquid sloshing which affects ship 's stability. Further analysis of obtained moments was carried out. The study may be the contribution to the more sophisticated estimation of the ship's stability than it is achieved nowadays.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2009, 16, 2; 191-197
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 11.

Tytuł:: Virtual ship’s roll decay test with the use of CFD technique
Autorzy:: Krata, P.
Jachowski, J.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243570.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2016
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: sea transport
ship stability
roll simulation
roll decay test
computational fluid dynamics
Opis:: Since safety of navigation is related to the stability performance of a ship, the transverse stability is routinely calculated and measured. One of the crucial experimental approach is a roll decay test. Although, an obtained result of the roll decay test carried out on the full-scale ship needs to be compared to a benchmark enabling an estimation of the relevant stability. Nowadays such a benchmark is just based on the simplified GM-based IMO-recommended formula. This research aims at the more sophisticated method of ship’s natural period of roll estimation and thus her stability assessment. The CFD (computational fluid dynamics) technique is applied and the result of the free roll simulation is compared to the solution of a roll equation. The one degree-of-freedom roll equation is applied with regard to the nonlinear ship righting moment and the nonlinear damping moment obtained according to Ikeda’s method. The six degrees-of-freedom simulation of ship’s roll decay test was carried out by the use of FlowVision code utilizing the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equation with regard to the turbulent flows based on the eddy viscosity concept. The semi-empirical k-ε turbulence model was applied. Thereby, the CFD-based approach allows to get rid of any assumptions regarding the value of the damping coefficient, which is an advantage over the roll equation based approach.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2016, 23, 2; 215-221
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 12.

Tytuł:: Prediction of the natural frequency of ship’s roll with regard to various models of roll damping
Autorzy:: Krata, P.
Wawrzyński, W.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244403.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2016
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: sea transport
ship stability
ship rolling
roll damping coefficient
Opis:: One of the most important dynamic phenomenon recognized as dangerous to seagoing ships is the resonance gain of rolling. This may occur due to nonlinearity of ship response in resonance conditions, i.e. when the encounter wave frequency is similar to the natural frequency of ship roll motion. Such coincidence should be avoided therefore shipmaster steers clear of some configurations of speed and course resulting in potential synchronous rolling. Nowadays, according to the IMO Intact Stability Code the natural period of roll is determined with the use of very simplified GM-based formula. The paper deals with the problem of more sophisticated prediction of ship’s natural rolling frequency with the use of the one degree-of-freedom roll equation with regard to nonlinear restoring moment. A special emphasis is put on the damping coefficient modelling which remains one of the crucial issues in terms of rolling simulation. Two typical approaches to the damping coefficient estimation are tested, the linear and the nonlinear one according to Ikead’s method. The set of ship roll simulations is carried out for a wide range of excitation frequency and a variety of exciting moment. The results of computation focused on the natural frequency of ship roll prediction are compared to assess the influence of damping model selection.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2016, 23, 3; 289-296
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 13.

Tytuł:: Assessment of a critical area for a give-way ship in a collision encounter
Autorzy:: Krata, P.
Montewka, J.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/223997.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2015
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:: maritime traffic safety
collision risk
anticollision
ship's motion model
ship domain
bezpieczeństwo ruchu morskiego
ryzyko kolizji
zapobieganie kolizji
ruch statku
model ruchu statku
Opis:: Evasive action in ship-ship encounter has to be carried out on time and in line with the international convention on collision regulation – COLREG. The convention not only includes a set of rules defining types of relations between encountering ships but also indicates appropriate action to be taken in a given encounter. One of such encounters is crossing, where, in case of a collision situation, a give-way ship has to take an appropriate action in due time. However, a stand-on vessel is also given an opportunity to manoeuver, if it is made clear to her that the other ship is not fulfilling her obligations. However, it is difficult to specify, at which point in time in the course of an encounter, the stand-on ship has to take an action in order to avoid collision. It is understandable, as this parameter depends on numerous factors, both endogenous (e.g. ship characteristics, her maneuverability), and exogenous (e.g. type of encounter, weather conditions). Therefore in this paper we make an attempt towards the definition of the critical area for a maneuver of a stand-on ship, in the situation where the give-way vessel does not take an action. This is determined with the use of a hydrodynamic model of ship motion, and series of simulations conducted for several types of encountering ships under various conditions. Once determined, the critical area demarcates the no-go area around the own ship, where any other ships on collision courses must not enter. Otherwise a collision cannot be avoided by an action of one ship alone.
Źródło:: Archives of Transport; 2015, 34, 2; 51-60
0866-9546
2300-8830
Pojawia się w:: Archives of Transport
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 14.

Tytuł:: Method for ship’s rolling period prediction with regard to non-linearity of GZ curve
Autorzy:: Wawrzyński, W.
Krata, P.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/281346.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2016
Wydawca:: Polskie Towarzystwo Mechaniki Teoretycznej i Stosowanej
Tematy:: ship natural roll period
GZ approximation
rolling prediction
safety against capsizing
Opis:: The paper deals with the problem of prediction of the rolling period. A special emphasis is put on the practical application of the new method for rolling period prediction with regard to non-linearity of the GZ curve. The one degree-of-freedom rolling equation is applied with using the non-linear stiffness moment and linear damping moment formulas. A number of ships are considered to research the discrepancies between the pending GM-based IMO- -recommended method and the results of conducted numerical simulations performed for a wide range of operational loading conditions. Since the research shows some drawbacks of the IMO formula for the ship rolling period, a new formula is worked out and proposed instead.
Źródło:: Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics; 2016, 54, 4; 1329-1343
1429-2955
Pojawia się w:: Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 15.

Tytuł:: Szacowanie okresu kołysań własnych statków kontenerowych : porównanie metody uproszczonej z wynikami badań symulacyjnych
Estimation of free rolling period for container vessels : comparison of IMO-recommended method with numerical simulation results
Autorzy:: Krata, P.
Wawrzyński, W.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/316820.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2016
Wydawca:: Instytut Naukowo-Wydawniczy "SPATIUM"
Tematy:: kontenerowiec
kołysanie statków
kołysanie boczne
IMO
symulacja numeryczna
container vessel
rolling
ship rolling
numerical simulation
Opis:: Artykuł przedstawia porównanie wartości okresu kołysań swobodnych statku wyznaczonego na podstawie wzorów uproszczonych zalecanych przez IMO w Kodeksie Stateczności Statku Nieuszkodzonego oraz uzyskanych w toku przeprowadzonych symulacji numerycznych. Do wykonania analizy wykorzystano dane trzech statków kontenerowych różnej wielkości i różnej generacji. Przyjęto po cztery typowe stany załadowania dla każdego ze statków. Wyniki porównania zestawiono na wykresach okresu kołysań w funkcji amplitudy dla szerokiego zakresu amplitud kołysania bocznego.
The paper deals with the matter of estimation of ship’s free rolling period. The comparison of calculations based on the IMO-recommended method versus numerical simulations is presented. The particulars of three container vessels of different sizes and generation were used to perform simulations of their free rolling. Four typical loading conditions of each ship were taken into account. The results of comparison are presented in the form of plots presenting obtained rolling periods versus rolling amplitude for a wide range of such amplitude of ship rolling.
Źródło:: Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe; 2016, 17, 4; 72-77
1509-5878
2450-7725
Pojawia się w:: Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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