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Tytuł:
Influence of plunger motion profile of high pressure die casting on the casting porosity and solidification rate
Autorzy:
Żak, Katarzyna
Dańko, Rafał
Żak, Paweł L.
Kowalczyk, Wojciech
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27311424.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
Tematy:
high-pressure die casting
computer simulation
cooling rate
numerical methods
aluminium alloy
odlewanie pod wysokim ciśnieniem
symulacja komputerowa
tempo schładzania
metody numeryczne
stop aluminium
Opis:
The high pressure die casting (HPDC) is a technique that allows us to produce parts for various sectors of industry. It has a great application in such sectors as automotive, energy, medicine, as the HPDC allows us to produce parts very fast and very cheaply. The HPDC casting quality depends on many parameters. The parameters among others, are cast alloy alloy metallurgy, filling system design, casting technology elements geometry and orientation, as well as, machine operation settings. In the article, different plunger motion schemes of the HPDC machine were taken into account. Analyses lead to learning about plunger motion influence on the casting porosity and solidification process run. Numerical experiments were run with the use of MAGMASoft® simulation software. Experiments were performed for industrial casting of water pump for automotive. Main parameter taken into account was maximal velocity of the plunger in the second phase. The analysis covered porosity distribution, feeding time through the gate, temperature field during whole process, solidification time. Cooling curves of the casting in chosen points were also analysed. Obtained results allow us to formulate conclusions that connect plunger motion scheme, gate solidification time and the casting wall thickness on the solidification rate and porosity of the casting.
Źródło:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2023, 71, 5; art. no. e147339
0239-7528
Pojawia się w:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Early detection of phosphorus deficiency stress in cucumber at the cellular level using chlorophyll fluorescence signals
Autorzy:
Sieczko, Leszek
Dąbrowski, Piotr
Kowalczyk, Katarzyna
Gajc-Wolska, Janina
Borucki, Wojciech
Janaszek-Mańkowska, Monika
Kowalczyk, Waldemar
Farci, Domenica
Kalaji, Hazem M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2203572.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Instytut Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy
Tematy:
abiotic stress
chlorophyll fluorescence
cucumber
JIP test
multidimensional statistical analysis
photosynthesis
Opis:
Abiotic stressors contribute to growth restriction and developmental disorders in plants. Early detection of the first signs of changes in plant functioning is very important. The objective of this study was to identify chlorophyll fluorescence parameters that change under phosphorus deficiency stress in cucumber. In this work, a trail to study the early changes caused by phosphorus deficiency in cucumber plants by analysing their photosynthetic performance is presented. Chlorophyll-a fluorescence (ChF) parameters were measured every 7 days for a period of 28 days. Measurements were made separately on young and old leaves and on cucumber fruit. Parameters that decreased during the stress were: p2G, PI abs, PI total, REo/CSo, and TRo/CSo. P deficiency decreased total electron carriers per RC (ECo/RC), yields (TRo/ABS (Fv/Fm), ETo/TRo, REo/ETo, ETo/ABS and REo/ABS), fluxes (REo/RC and REo/CSo) and fractional reduction of PSI end electron acceptors, and damaged all photochemical and non-photochemical redox reactions. Principal component analysis revealed a group of ChF parameters that may indicate early phosphorus deficiency in cucumber plants. Our results are used in the discovery of sensitive bioindicators of phosphorus deficiency in cucumber plants. Most JIP test parameters are linked to mathematical equations, so we recommend using of advanced statistical tools, such as principal component analysis, which should be considered very useful for stress identification. It has also been shown to be more effective in multivariate methods compared to univariate statistical methods was demonstrated.
Źródło:
Journal of Water and Land Development; 2022, Special Issue; 176--186
1429-7426
2083-4535
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Water and Land Development
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Graphene on quartz modified with rhenium oxide as a semitransparent electrode for organic electronics
Autorzy:
Krukowski, Paweł
Piskorski, Michał
Udovytska, Ruslana
Kowalczyk, Dorota A.
Lutsyk, Iaroslav
Rogala, Maciej
Dąbrowski, Paweł
Kozłowski, Witold
Łuszczyńska, Beata
Jung, Jarosław
Ulański, Jacek
Matuszek, Krzysztof
Nadolska, Aleksandra
Przybysz, Przemysław
Ryś, Wojciech
Toczek, Klaudia
Dunal, Rafał
Krempiński, Patryk
Czerwińska, Justyna
Ster, Maxime Le
Skulimowski, Marcin
Kowalczyk, Paweł J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2174856.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Stowarzyszenie Elektryków Polskich
Tematy:
graphene
rhenium oxide
anode
organic light-emitting diode
Opis:
The presented research shows that commercially available graphene on quartz modified with rhenium oxide meets the requirements for its use as a conductive and transparent anode in optoelectronic devices. The cluster growth of rhenium oxide enables an increase in the work function of graphene by 1.3 eV up to 5.2 eV, which guarantees an appropriate adjustment to the energy levels of organic semiconductors used in organic light-emitting diode devices.
Źródło:
Opto-Electronics Review; 2022, 30, 4; art. no. e141953
1230-3402
Pojawia się w:
Opto-Electronics Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sacral Architecture in Finland and its Community Forming Role
Autorzy:
Kowalczyk, Maciej Wojciech
Lewandowska, Agnieszka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/18105066.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-09-27
Wydawca:
Fundacja Pro Scientia Publica
Tematy:
Finland
sacral architecture
church
education
community
Opis:
Aim. The subject of this article is the role of the Finnish Church institution and its influence on shaping the local community. The article presents the possibilities of using and shaping the interiors of temples, depending on the period in which they were created and the function they were to perform. Methods. The authors of the article present the role of Church institution in Finland from the Middle Ages to the present day. The historical educational role of the church and its contemporary community-building function will be outlined. The authors will also present how these assumptions translate into shaping its architecture. Results and conclusion. Despite the considerable secularization of society, the Protestant church in Finland still plays a central role in the local community. The church, with its dominant and educational role in the past, became a companion of the inhabitants, providing them with spaces adapted to their needs, regardless of their age or religion. Once limited, single-space forms of temples, today with an extensive program function as local cultural centers and meeting places adapted to the needs of their users.
Źródło:
Journal of Education Culture and Society; 2022, 13, 2; 587-600
2081-1640
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Education Culture and Society
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
New forms of rental dwelling in contemporary Poland
Autorzy:
Kowalczyk, Maciej Wojciech
Lewandowska, Agnieszka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1878492.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-09-25
Wydawca:
Fundacja Pro Scientia Publica
Tematy:
architecture
co-living
co-housing
shared dwelling
rental dwelling
Opis:
Aim. The subject of the article are types of rental dwelling in contemporary Poland. The aim of this paper is to present the forms of contemporary living in terms of age groups, way of study or work and financing possibilities of Poles compared to other countries in the world. Methods. The authors of the article present selected new forms of rental dwelling in Poland in context of changes after the collapse of communist system in 1989. The article discusses the present situation of Polish real estate market basing on European statistics. It indicates the problem of limited availability of housing and presents solutions implemented by the government and the private sector market. Results and Conclusion. Poland is one of the European countries with the highest rate of people living in overcrowded apartments or houses. The solutions introduced by the state in order to increase the availability of housing and allowing the alternative to buying a flat, encounter difficulties with spatial planning regulations. In the absence of sufficient support of the government private sector market see its chance for profit in constructing and renting apartments. Cognitive value. The article describes the phenomenon of a growing private rental, that could be a shift in dwelling characteristic of Poles and influence the housing market. It presents new forms of developments, showing the background of their creation.
Źródło:
Journal of Education Culture and Society; 2021, 12, 2; 445-454
2081-1640
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Education Culture and Society
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Modelling of partial capability states and estimation of the level of operational readiness for integrated avionics systems
Autorzy:
Paterek, Wojciech
Szelmanowski, Andrzej
Kowalczyk, Grzegorz
Pazur, Andrzej
Franczuk, Edyta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1833645.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
communications
avionics systems
operational readiness
level readiness
military
modelling
łączność
systemy awioniki
gotowość operacyjna
poziom gotowości
wojsko
modelowanie
Opis:
Maintaining continuity of use is extremely important in the modern world and in particular in the armed forces. Analysis of the system exploitation course allows obtaining information about the time in which the system was in a state of total or partial capability or in a state of inability to use. Based on information about the amount of time spent in a given state, user of the system or device can plan the operation of the device in the context of the future. On the basis of operating data, operational readiness can also be calculated, which information can be found in the article. The fallowing paper presents the possibilities and conditions of forming operating readiness for full and partial capability states of a ZSŁ (Integrated Communications Systems) with its selected components current serviced at AFIT (Air Force Institute of Technology). A probabilistic approach to the analysis of the issues associated with the determination and prediction of reliability and capability of integrated communications systems was discussed, with the use of the theory of operating states and Markov chains. The assumptions to the adopted method of modelling operating states for electronically integrated ZSŁ type communications systems were presented. Conditions for the determination of operational readiness and the possibility of forming it on the basis of an IT system were presented based on the obtained results of analytical studies. The article also presents the test stand for the integrated communication system. Information on capability of individual system components is also included, an example is based on the SK1 communication server. It's presented graph of transitions between it's individual partial capability states. The server can be in five operating states. By modelling individual components of the system in this way, you can estimate how the system will behave during operation. At the end of the article there is information about the actual and estimated operational readiness of the system.
Źródło:
Archives of Transport; 2020, 55, 3; 27-39
0866-9546
2300-8830
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Transport
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Modular Test Stand for Fatigue Testing of Aeronautical Structures - Verification of Assumptions
Autorzy:
Leski, Andrzej
Wronicz, Wojciech
Kowalczyk, Piotr
Szmidt, Michał
Klewicki, Robert
Włodarczyk, Karol
Uliński, Grzegorz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2105142.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Lotnictwa
Tematy:
fatigue
test
airframe
veryfication
strain gauge
DIC
Opis:
The Modular Test Stand was developed and manufactured to decrease the cost of fatigue testing and reduce the time of its completion as well as to enable testing specimens under more complex load conditions. The stand consists of three connected sections, similar to a wing box, all being loaded in the same way. Thanks to that, several specimens can be tested simultaneously. This configuration requires that stress and strain distribution should be reasonably uniform, as assumed in the design stage. The structure can be loaded with bending or torsion. A whole section, selected structural node or a specimen mounted in the structure as well as a repair or a sensor can be a test object. Two stands, one for bending and one for torsion were prepared. This paper presents the verification of the assumed strain and stress distributions on the skin panels. The measurements were performed with the use of Digital Image Correlation (DIC) as well as strain gauges. DIC measurements were performed on one skin panel of the central section. Five strain gauge rosettes were installed on both panels of the one section. In addition, one rosette was applied to one skin panel in each of two other sections. Measurements were performed on the stand for torsion as well as on the stand for bending. The results of DIC analysis and strain gauge measurement during torsion show uniform shearing strain distributions on the panels. During bending, on the tensioned side, the strains obtained indicate quite uniform strain distributions. On the compressed side, local buckling of the skin panels results in high strain gradients. Strain levels obtained with the use of a DIC analysis and strain gauge measurements were similar. Moreover, horizontal displacements of markers in the spar axis during bending was determined based on a series of photographic. The deflection line obtained in this way has a shape similar to arc, which is characteristic of the constant bending moment. The stand was tested with torsional and bending loads in order to verify the design assumptions. The results of strain distributions on the skin panels with the use of DIC and strain gauges as well as the deflection line of the spar axis indicate that the Modular Test Stand performs as assumed and can be used for tests.
Źródło:
Fatigue of Aircraft Structures; 2020, 12; 78--91
2081-7738
2300-7591
Pojawia się w:
Fatigue of Aircraft Structures
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rola instytutów badawczych we wsparciu działań adaptacyjnych do zmian klimatu
The actions of research institutes to support adaptation to climate change
Autorzy:
Granoszewski, Wojciech
Kowalczyk, Agnieszka
Ploch, Izabela
Rubinkiewicz, Jacek
Woźnicka, Małgorzata
Kępińska-Kasprzak, Małgorzata
Limanówka, Danuta
Doktor, Radosław
Struzik, Piotr
Dubel, Anna
Skotak, Krzysztof
Hajto, Małgorzata
Kozyra, Jerzy
Pudełko, Rafał
Żyłowska, Katarzyna
Jędrejek, Anna
Łopatka, Artur
Jadczyszyn, Jan
Nieróbca, Anna
Doroszewski, Andrzej
Barszczewska, Marta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2076003.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
zmiany klimatu
systemy monitorowania
warunki meteorologiczne
powierzchnia wody
wody gruntowe
osuwiska
wybrzeże
susza rolnicza
dane paleoklimatyczne
ocena ekonomiczna
skutki zmian klimatu
ryzyko katastrof
climate change
monitoring systems
meteorological conditions
surface water
groundwater
landslides
seacoast
agricultural drought
palaeoclimate data
economic assessment
climate change impacts
disaster risk reduction
Opis:
A crucial part of every adaptation planning and disaster risk reduction is estimation of vulnerable areas and risk in the future. Only a well-developed monitoring system could bring valuable information to create possible scenarios to set up adaptation plans. Monitoring systems of meteorological conditions, surface water, groundwater, landslides, seacoast, agricultural drought as well as their standards and methodologies, are crucial for establishing an effective warning system of every country, and thus are the subject of research conducted by national institutes. Therefore, the conditions of this national research (getting trained staff, equipment etc.) is essential to provide reliable information for a national adaptation plan and for economic assessment of climate change impacts. Poland has significant experiences in monitoring systems, data collecting and visualizing, as well as in the development of scenarios and risk maps. Methodologies and capacity building, necessary for their use, along with experiences and lessons, learned to get valuable information for disaster risk reduction, were presented by the authors from the research during the 24th session of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP 24) in Katowice (December 2018). The presentation contributed to the global adaptation process through experience sharing that is important for the relevant research conducted in the least developed countries.
Źródło:
Przegląd Geologiczny; 2020, 68, 1; 25--44
0033-2151
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Geologiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ślina jako materiał biologiczny przydatny w diagnostyce alergii na pokarmy
Saliva as a useful biological material in the diagnosis of food allergies
Autorzy:
Kowalczyk, Wojciech
Lis, Kinga
Żbikowska-Götz, Magdalena
Bartuzi, Zbigniew
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2019686.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Oficyna Wydawnicza Mediton
Tematy:
ślina
diagnostyka alergii pokarmowej
IgE
saliva
food allergy diagnosis
Opis:
Szacuje się, że około 27% białek zawartych w ślinie pochodzi z krwi. Ze względu na specyfikę alergii pokarmowej, ślina wydaje się być niezwykle miarodajnym materiałem do badań laboratoryjnych, o dużej przydatności klinicznej. Jest to materiał łatwo dostępny i prosty do pobrania różnymi technikami, w tym z zastosowaniem standaryzowanych probówek do pozyskiwania śliny. Z dostępnych danych literaturowych wynika, że aktualnie stosowane metody pobierania śliny nie mają znaczącego wpływu na uzyskiwane wyniki mierzonych parametrów laboratoryjnych, w tym stężenia całkowitego IgE. Obiecujące są również wyniki odnoszące się do stężenia IgE swoistych dla różnych alergenów pokarmowych w ślinie w porównaniu do wartości zmierzonych w surowicy, jednak skąpość dostępnych w piśmiennictwie badań ogranicza wnioskowanie. Ślina wydaje się być dobrym materiałem do diagnostyki alergii na pokarmy i z pewnością temat ten wymaga dalszych badań.
It is estimated that about 27% of the saliva proteins are derived from blood. Due to the specificity of food allergies, saliva seems to be extremely reliable material for laboratory tests, with high clinical usefulness. This material is easily available and simple to collect by various techniques, including using standardized saliva collection tubes. Available literature data show that currently used saliva collection methods do not have a significant impact on the results of measured laboratory parameters, including total IgE concentration. The results for IgE specific for various food allergens in saliva compared to the values measured in serum also seem promising, although a small number of studies available in the literature limits conclusion. Saliva seems to be a good material for diagnosis food allergies, although this subject certainly requires further research.
Źródło:
Alergia Astma Immunologia - przegląd kliniczny; 2020, 25, 1; 19-23
1427-3101
Pojawia się w:
Alergia Astma Immunologia - przegląd kliniczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
TECHNIQUES OF VISUAL COMMUNIACTION IN ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN
Autorzy:
Kowalczyk, Maciej Wojciech
Lewandowska, Agnieszka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/628122.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Fundacja Pro Scientia Publica
Tematy:
architecture
visual communication
architectural presentation
visualizations
architectural model
decision-making
Opis:
Aim. The subject of the article are methods and techniques of architectural presentation to a diverse audience. The methods of architectural presentation as a key element in the dialogue with the future user of the designed space or building allow to present to the recipient the newly designed space to be created.Methods. The authors of the article present selected techniques of architectural presentation. The described ways of presenting the project were divided into material and virtual. The article discusses the most commonly used methods of architectural presentation such as: diagrams, visualization, physical model, virtual model, video, collage, analyzing their usefulness in terms of reliable communication in order to inform future users about planned changes. The authors describe in detail the use of architectural models as a technique used to present the project to both professional and non-professional recipients. The article discusses the pros and cons of each method.Results and Conclusion. The right choice of presentation method for the addressee allows for a better understanding of the presented idea and, as a result, for more informed choices made by the society, e.g. during public consultations, or by professional decision-making bodies in matters of public space and new architectural objects. The variety of methods of imaging the project vision available today has its individual features that favor or negatively affect the reception of works, by falsifying reality or its partial message.
Źródło:
Journal of Education Culture and Society; 2020, 11, 2; 376-383
2081-1640
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Education Culture and Society
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Przestrzenie miejskie a uwarunkowania klimatyczne. Spitzbergen
Urban spaces versus climate conditions - Spitsbergen
Autorzy:
Jagiełło-Kowalczyk, Magdalena
Kujawski, Wojciech
Żabicka, Agnieszka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/345548.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Politechnika Krakowska im. Tadeusza Kościuszki. Wydział Architektury. Katedra Kształtowania Środowiska Mieszkaniowego
Tematy:
przestrzenie miejskie
klimat
Spitsbergen
urban spaces
climate
Opis:
Artykuł ma na celu wykazanie, że przestrzenie społeczne w miastach spełniają ogromnie ważną rolę, niezależnie od strefy klimatycznej w jakiej miasta te się znajdują. Nawet na terenach o ekstremalnie zimnym klimacie, wykształcają się miejsca spotkań i współegzystowania mieszkańców. W publikacji oparto się na przykładach ze Spitzbergenu. Badania przeprowadzono w mieście Longyearbyen. Czynniki, które determinują jakość przestrzeni wspólnych, ich użyteczność, stopień akceptacji i zadowolenia ze spędzania w nich czasu przez mieszkańców, wynikają z ogólnie znanych uwarunkowań dotyczących kształtowania przestrzeni społecznych i publicznych, ale w większym stopniu, ze specyficznych warunków klimatycznych.
This article’s aim is to demonstrate that social spaces play an immensely important role within cities regardless of the climate zones in which those cities are located. Even areas with an extremely cold climate see the emergence of places where their residents meet and coexist. The publication is based on examples from Spitsbergen. Research was conducted in the town of Longyearbyen. The factors that determine the quality of common spaces, their utility, the degree of their acceptance and satisfaction derived from spending time in them are the outcomes of widely known determinants concerning the design of social and public spaces, but are affected by their specific climate conditions to a much greater degree.
Źródło:
Środowisko Mieszkaniowe; 2019, 29; 24-33
1731-2442
2543-8700
Pojawia się w:
Środowisko Mieszkaniowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
QUALITY OF ARCHITECUTRE AND PUBLIC SPACES AS A RESULT OF COUNTRY’S PUBLIC PROCUREMENT CULTURE
Autorzy:
Kowalczyk, Maciej Wojciech
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/628397.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Fundacja Pro Scientia Publica
Tematy:
architecture
building culture
baukultur
architectural design contest
architectural competition
competition practices
public porcurement
procurement of design services
Opis:
Thesis. The quality of emerging public spaces and buildings is related to the public procurement culture of a given country. One can not count on achieving high quality public space, architecture without a democratic debate on the subject. The space, which is decided only by a small group of technocrats, the project, which is subject to only the price criterion, results in accidental solutions. Methods. The article shows the basic methods provided for by law to select public projects. Indicates the advantages and disadvantages of individual processes. It analyzes examples of appreciated realizations that arose as a result of architectural competitions. Results. Tools provided in the public procurement law, such as social debate in the form of architectural competitions build a better quality of the created space. The existence of such a link is proven by the awards granted to spaces completed under such processes. Conclusions. Projects created using these tools account for less than 1% of all public procurement in Poland. One should strive for a change that would promote these processes, especially outside large cities, thus increasing the quality of spaces created from public money.
Źródło:
Journal of Education Culture and Society; 2019, 10, 2; 103-108
2081-1640
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Education Culture and Society
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The research on effectiveness of the electronic and electrical waste selective collection system in Lublin city, Poland
Badania skuteczności systemu selektywnej zbiórki odpadów elektronicznych i elektrycznych w mieście Lublin, Polska
Autorzy:
Marczuk, Andrzej
Misztal, Wojciech
Jóźwiakowski, Krzysztof
Dach, Jacek
Kowalczyk-Juśko, Alina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/205301.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
waste management
E-waste
selective collection system
gospodarowanie odpadami
E-odpady
system selektywnej zbiórki
Opis:
One of the consequences of the dynamic technological development is the rapidly increasing amount of electro-waste (WEEE, e-waste). Because there are no uniform legal regulations regarding the ways of collecting such waste, the separate-collection systems used in various areas are not homogeneous, and they usually also differ in effectiveness. The aim of this study was to evaluate the electro-waste collection system implemented in Lublin (the largest city in Eastern Poland). Taking into account the fact that the reliability of a collection system depends on the degree of its adaptation to the functions it performs, the evaluation consisted in determining how big a problem improper electro-waste segregation was. The article presents the results of a study of the causes of citizens’ failure to properly manage e-waste and indicates what measures should be taken to amend the problem. During two research steps, 347 pieces of e-waste with a total weight of 77.218 kg were found in the analyzed waste samples (0.33% of all samples). This means that the mechanisms of selective e-waste collection still do not work correctly, despite the ten years of Poland’s membership in the EU and implementation of European legislation in this area. The fact that residents throw away electric waste into municipal mixed waste containers poses a serious problem for proper waste management – even if only a part of the e-waste is disposed in this illegal way. This indicates the necessity of improving waste collection (more frequent waste reception, convenient access to e-waste containers, raising public awareness, etc.).
Dynamiczny rozwój technologiczny niesie za sobą szereg następstw zarówno korzystnych, jak i negatywnych. Wśród tych ostatnich wyróżnia się stale rosnącą ilość odpadów w postaci zużytego sprzętu elektrycznego i elektronicznego, stanowiących zagrożenie zarówno dla środowiska przyrodniczego, jak również zdrowia i życia ludzi. Kraje wysoce rozwinięte wprowadziły efektywne systemy zarządzania tego rodzaju odpadami. Dla państw rozwijających się w dalszym ciągu stanowią one jednak istotny problem (funkcjonujące w nich systemy gospodarowania odpadami ukierunkowane są bowiem głównie na składowanie). Celem pracy było przeprowadzenie oceny skuteczności funkcjonowania systemu zbiórki elektroodpadów w Lublinie. Opracowanie zawiera wyniki przeprowadzonych badań, próbę znalezienia przyczyn niewłaściwego postępowania, a także wskazania, które stwarzają możliwość osiągnięcia poprawy. Podczas badań przeanalizowano 23,125 Mg odpadów komunalnych, w których zidentyfikowano 347 elektroodpadów o całkowitej masie 77,218 kg. Świadczy to o niedostatecznej skuteczności rozwiązań funkcjonujących na danym obszarze (obecność tego rodzaju odpadów w zmieszanej frakcji wskazuje również na ogólny problem z selektywną zbiórką). Wymaganym jest wobec tego usprawnienie całego systemu (ukierunkowane w głównej mierze na zwiększenie dostępności oraz poprawę świadomości społeczeństwa.
Źródło:
Archives of Environmental Protection; 2019, 45, 3; 55-63
2083-4772
2083-4810
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Environmental Protection
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Architectural design contest with social participation as a part of building culture in Europe
Autorzy:
Kowalczyk, Maciej Wojciech
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/627995.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Fundacja Pro Scientia Publica
Tematy:
architecture
building culture
bakultur
architectural design contest
architectural competition
social participation
public procurement
Opis:
Thesis. The culture of organising architectural competitions has a long tradition in Europe. The architectural desgin contest is used as a democratic tool for selecting the best design solution. In today’s European building culture there is a constantly growing need for the social input into the  design process. In effect, architectural competitions are facing changes. On the one hand, an architectural design contest needs to fulfill the EU’s legal frames. On the other hand, the traditional forms of competions are questioned by society, that is searching for a more transprent selection process. Methods. The study shows the concept of the building culture (Baukultur) as an ideological background of all the building activity in Europe. It describes the role of an architectural competition as an instrument for the high quality development. The author shows current legal frameworks for the design contests included in the EU directives and presents different competition practices in Europe with a focus on Poland. Results. There are not many examples of architectural competitions that anticipate the social input. It is an effect of not adjusted procurement law. Nevertheless, some exceptions have already been made. Conclusions. The main difficulty in architectural design contest with social participation is the need of maintaining the legal framework  based on the anonymity of the participant. The social input in the case hampers the preservation of this condition, hence various attempts to modify the existing, traditional formulas.
Źródło:
Journal of Education Culture and Society; 2018, 9, 2; 195-200
2081-1640
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Education Culture and Society
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Formalnoprawny i instytucjonalny wymiar systemu ochrony klientów w zakresie ubezpieczeń na życie; gdy ryzyko lokaty (inwestycyjne) ponosi ubezpieczający
Autorzy:
Pisarewicz, Piotr
Kowalczyk-Rólczyńska, Patrycja
Kamieńaki, Wojciech
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/949850.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
ochrona klienta
zakład ubezpieczeń
produkt ubezpieczeniowy
ubezpieczenia na życie
organ nadzoru
regulacje prawne rynku ubezpieczeniowego
Opis:
Celem opracowania jest analiza wybranych zagadnień dotyczących formalnoprawnego i instytucjonalnego wymiaru systemu ochrony klientów w zakresie ubezpieczeń na życie, gdy ryzyko lokaty (inwestycyjne) ponosi ubezpieczający. Podjętym problemem badawczym jest ocena praktycznej skuteczności systemu ochrony klientów w badanym obszarze rynku finansowego. Autorzy opracowania ocenili formalnoprawny oraz instytucjonalny wymiar ochrony klientów w naszym kraju jako prawidłowy i nie budzący większych zastrzeżeń. Podkreślili równocześnie, iż w sferze operacyjnej i praktycznej organy powołane przez państwo mogły podejmować w przeszłości więcej działań skuteczniej chroniących odbiorców usług finansowych. Zwrócono także uwagę na konieczność podejmowania dalszych kroków mających na celu poprawę pozycji klientów w przyszłości, czemu służyć powinny zarówno zapisy prawa, jak i procedury oraz działania powołanych do tego instytucji
Źródło:
Financial Sciences. Nauki o Finansach; 2017, 3(32); 101-120
2080-5993
2449-9811
Pojawia się w:
Financial Sciences. Nauki o Finansach
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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