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Tytuł:
Application of multilingual corpus in contrastive studies (on the example of the Bulgarian-Polish-Lithuanian parallel corpus)
Autorzy:
Dimitrova, Ludmila
Koseska-Toszewa, Violetta
Roszko, Danuta
Roszko, Roman
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/677184.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Slawistyki PAN
Tematy:
multilingual electronic corpora
parallel and comparable corpora
corpus annotation
lexical databases
multilingual electronic dictionaries
Opis:
Application of multilingual corpus in contrastive studies (on the example of the Bulgarian-Polish-Lithuanian parallel corpus)In this paper we present applications of a trilingual corpus in language research. Comparative and contrastive studies of Polish and Bulgarian as well as Polish and Lithuanian have been already conducted, but up to the best of our knowledge no such studies exist for Bulgarian and Lithuanian. On the one hand, it is interesting to note that two Slavic languages are compared to a Baltic language (Lithuanian). On the other hand, the three languages are marginally present in the EU because of the later ascension of the three countries to the EU. The paper shortly describes the first electronic Bulgarian–Polish–Lithuanian experimental corpus, currently under development only for research. We also focus our attention on the morphosyntactic annotation of the parallel trilingual corpus according to the Corpus Encoding Standard: we present a review of the Part-of-Speech (POS) classification of the participle in the three languages – Bulgarian, Polish, and Lithuanian in comparison to another POS, the adjective. We briefly discuss tagsets for corpus annotation from the point of view of possible unification in the future with some examples.
Źródło:
Cognitive Studies; 2010, 10
2392-2397
Pojawia się w:
Cognitive Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Constructing catalogue of temporal situations
Autorzy:
Koseska-Toszewa, Violetta
Mazurkiewicz, Antoni
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/677143.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Slawistyki PAN
Tematy:
Sentences
tenses
states
events
time flow
Petri nets
modality
Opis:
Constructing catalogue of temporal situationsThe paper is aiming to create a common basis for description, comparing, and analysis natural languages. As a subject of comparison we have chosen temporal structures of some languages. For such a choice there exists a perfect tool, describing basic temporal phenomena, namely an ordering of states and events in time, certainty and uncertainty, independency of histories of separate objects, necessity and possibility. This tool is supported by the Petri nets formalism, which seems to be well suited for expressing the above mentioned phenomena. Petri nets are built form three primitive notions: of states, of events that begin or end the states, and so-called flow relation indicating succession of states and events. This simple constituents give rise to many possibilities of representing temporal phenomena; it turns out that such representations are sufficient for many (clearly, not necessarily all) temporal situations appearing in natural languages.In description formalisms used till now there is no possibility of expressing such reality phenomena as temporal dependencies in compound statement, or combination of temporality and modality. Moreover, using these formalisms one cannot distinguish between two different sources of uncertainty of the speaker while describing the reality: one, due to the lack of knowledge of the speaker what is going on in outside world, the second, due to objective impossibility of foreseen ways in which some conflict situations will be (or already have been) resolved. Petri net formalism seems to be perfectly suited for such differentiations.There are two main description principles that encompassed this paper. First, that assigns meaning to names of grammatical structures in different languages may lead to misunderstanding. Two grammatical structures with apparently close names may describe different reality. Additionally, some grammatical terms used in one language may be absent and not understandable in the other. It leads to assign meanings to situations, rather than to linguistic forms used for their expression. The second principle is limit the discussed issues to such a piece of reality that can be possible for precise description. The third is to avoid introducing such information to the described reality that is not explicitly mentioned by linguistic means. The authors try to following these principles in the present paper.The paper is organized as follows. First, some samples of situations related to present tense are given together with examples of their expressions in four languages: English, (as a reference language) and three Slavic languages, representing South slavonic languages (Bulgarian), West slavonic languages (Polish), and East slavonic languages (Russian). Within the same framework the next parts of the paper are constructed, supplying samples of using Past tenses and, finally, future tenses and modalities.The formal tools for description purposes are introduced stepwise, according to needs caused be the described reality. There are mainly Petri nets, equipped additionally with inscriptions or labeling in order to keep proper assignations of description units to described objects.
Źródło:
Cognitive Studies; 2010, 10
2392-2397
Pojawia się w:
Cognitive Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Form, its meaning, and dictionary entries
Autorzy:
Koseska-Toszewa, Violetta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/677134.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Slawistyki PAN
Tematy:
language form
meaning of a form aspect and tense
semantic category of definiteness/indefiniteness
contrastive studies
semantic interlanguage
terminological dictionary
contrastive description leading from meaning to form
Opis:
Form, its meaning, and dictionary entriesAs we know, a language form is a unit which plays a specific form in the language, e.g. a semantic or syntactical one. We establish the function of a form based on its use (occurrence), i.e. its relation with the meanings of other forms in speech or in a text. The meaning of a form is the value of its function. In the traditional grammar, form is opposed to its meaning. However, various grammar schools have big problems with distinguishingbetween a form and its function. For example, the present tense form has a number of basic temporal meanings in Bulgarian as well as in Polish and Russian, and in none of those languages this is only the present time, (see past, future and habituality expressed using the present tense form). It is a big mistake not to distinguish between the meanings of article in article languages. For example, in Bulgarian the same form of article canexpress both uniqueness and universality (or, respectively: definiteness and indefiniteness). In the quoted book (Koseska-Toszewa 1982), I put forward a hypothesis on the development of the meaning of Bulgarian article. In my opinion, initially the article expressed uniqueness of an element (object), and then started to express also uniqueness of a set, which later, due to equalling two completely different semantically-logical structures, i.e. structures with universal and unique quantification, lead to a homonymy and to the article expressing also universality, i.e. indefiniteness. Similarly in English, French, Rumanian or Albanian, where the same form of article can express either uniqueness or universality. This proves that the above homonymy is of a general rather than typological (e.g. Balkan) character. Naturally, in the above languages the definite article form can also express uniqueness of an object or a set, so it also expresses definiteness. Ambiguity of the definite article form is a phenomenon exceeding the area of Balkan languages, and the only Balkanism is the position of the article - speaking more precisely,its postpositiveness (postpositive position). However, that position gives us no right to treat it differently than the English or French article. In Bulgarian, Rumanian and Albanian the postpositive article is written together with the name its concerns, but it is neither a unit belonging to the root of the word nor the ending of the word.The above observations, based first of all on the semantically-logical aspects of the definiteness category, have been confirmed by the language material from the Suprasl Code, where Bulgarian article does not occur in universally quantified nominal structures, but in uniquely quantified nominal expressions, denoting satisfaction of the predicate either by one element of the sentence or by the whole set treated as the only one.It is worth stressing that distinguishing between the form and its meaning in comparing the material 6 languages belonging to three different groups of Slavic languages (as is the case in the MONDILEX Project) will allow us to avoid numeorus substantiva mistakes and erroneous conclusions. Hence dictionary entries should be verified and made uniform in that respect before they are “digitalized”... Distinction between the form and its meaning in a dictionary entry is fully possible, as shown by works of Z. Saloni (2002) and A.Przepiórkowski (2008).
Źródło:
Cognitive Studies; 2010, 10
2392-2397
Pojawia się w:
Cognitive Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
MONDILEX – towards the research infrastructure for digital resources in Slavic lexicography
Autorzy:
Dimitrova, Ludmila
Koseska-Toszewa, Violetta
Garabík, Radovan
Erjavec, Tomaž
Iomdin, Leonid
Shyrokov, Volodymyr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/677132.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Slawistyki PAN
Tematy:
MONDILEX
digital resources
Slavic lexicography
Opis:
MONDILEX – towards the research infrastructure for digital resources in Slavic lexicographyThe paper presents activities of the EU project MONDILEX, Conceptual Modelling of Networking of Centres for High-Quality Research in Slavic Lexicography and their Digital Resources. The main objective of MONDILEX is to design the conceptual scheme of a research  infrastructure that supports the networking of centres for high-quality research in traditional and digital Slavic lexicography.
Źródło:
Cognitive Studies; 2010, 10
2392-2397
Pojawia się w:
Cognitive Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wielotomowa gramatyka konfrontatywna języka bułgarskiego i polskiego
Autorzy:
Koseska-Toszewa, Violetta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/677715.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Slawistyki PAN
Tematy:
Bulgarian language
Polish language
confrontative grammar
tertium comparationis
semantics
interlanguage
Opis:
Multi-volume Polish-Bulgarian Confrontative GrammarPolish-Bulgarian Confrontative Grammar (GKBP) is the first and so far the only expanded attempt to make the semantic confrontation with the gradually developed interlanguage. GKBP consists of 9 volumes which were published in 12 volumen. It was decided to arrange the description of Polish-Bulgarian confrontative grammar in the direction from the contents to the form. The semantic interlanguage enabled the emergence of two equivalent grammars: the grammar of the modern Bulgarian language and the grammar of the modern Polish language. The analysis of semantic categories, which was applied in GKBP, ensures the coherent confrontative description, irrespective of whether the described languages have grammatical exponent of meanings or not. GKBP falls into the stream of modern theoretical confrontative research based on the logical theory of quantification, on the modern theory of processes titled „Petri nets”, and on the theory of logical predicate-argument structures. Our research removes the exact division into grammatical and lexical levels, thanks to which our research has introduced a lot of new observations of the examined phenomena. Universal semantic linguistic categories such as the time, the modality, the definiteness / the indefiniteness and the semantic case – which are essential for the language description, but have not yet been examined and have not been sufficiently described in the academic grammars of the Polish and Bulgarian languages – have been selected. The sequence of description in this synthesis was established not on the basis of order of developed volumes of GKBP, but on the basis of the generally accepted order of elements of the semantic structure of the sentence. The most external in the semantic structure of the sentence is its modal characteristics. Thereafter, the time, quantifiers and their order in the semantic structure of the sentence as well as the predicate-argument items are placed. Therefore, it is not an abbreviated summary of the issues analyzed in GKBP volumes. It is the description of selected semantic categories organized in accordance with the semantic order of the semantic structure of the Polish and Bulgarian sentences.
Źródło:
Slavia Meridionalis; 2010, 10
1233-6173
2392-2400
Pojawia się w:
Slavia Meridionalis
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Definiteness-indefiniteness category and logical quantification
Autorzy:
Koseska-Toszewa, Violetta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/677016.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Slawistyki PAN
Tematy:
scope-based quantification
definiteness/indefiniteness
strong and weak quantification meanings
incomplete quantification
state quantification and imperfect aspect
event quantification and perfect aspect
network-based description of time
Petri nets
Opis:
Definiteness-indefiniteness category and logical quantificationThis work has been written within the “Logic and Language” project, realized under a cooperation agreement between the Institute of Slavic Studies of the Polish Academy of Sciences and the Institute of Bulgarian Language of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. The publication of a many-volume Bulgarian Polish Grammar (12 monographs), and of a Polish-Bulgarian Contrastive Grammar, from now on: Synthesis, is completed. Theories of mathematical logic are satisfied in perfect way in a natural language, which is shown by our understanding of the semantic definiteness / indefiniteness category as a system of scope-based quantification notions. A natural language complements and modifies logical theories. For example, understanding of the definiteness / indefiniteness category as a sentence category follows from the language material, especially in article languages. In such languages, quantification of the predicate is a necessary prerequisite for interpretation. Also introduction of the notions of strong and weak quantification meanings is motivated, for example, by the need to distinguish between the meanings of expressions like Pol. pewien x, jakiś x / Bulg. njakoj x, njakakyv x on the nominal phrase level, and by understanding of the ambiguity of quantification expressions like Bulg. vinagi, ponjakoga / Pol. zawsze, czasami. The fact of treating the definiteness / indefiniteness category as a sentence category expands understanding of the incomplete quantification notion also with respect to the verbal phrase, rather than, as in Ajdukiewicz’s approach, with respect to the nominal phrase only. Similarly, a proper name in a natural language is not a unique name, like in mathematical logic, but requires additional unique quantification. A network-based description of time is the first attempt at this type of description in the subject literature. In the present article, I stress that fact that quantification of states and events understood as in Petri net theory reveals the dependence between the aspectual and temporal meanings of verb, and proves that the information on time and aspect need not be dealt with separately.
Źródło:
Cognitive Studies; 2011, 11
2392-2397
Pojawia się w:
Cognitive Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Introduction
Autorzy:
Koseska-Toszewa, Violetta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/677081.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Slawistyki PAN
Źródło:
Cognitive Studies; 2011, 11
2392-2397
Pojawia się w:
Cognitive Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Main results of MONDILEX project
Autorzy:
Dimitrova, Ludmila
Koseska-Toszewa, Violetta
Garabík, Radovan
Erjavec, Tomaž
Iomdin, Leonid
Shyrokov, Volodymyr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/677050.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Slawistyki PAN
Tematy:
Slavic languages
digital language resources
language technologies
digital lexicography
research infrastructure
Opis:
Main results of MONDILEX projectThe paper presents the results and recommendations of MONDILEX, a 7FP project that covered six Slavic languages: Bulgarian, Polish, Russian, Slovak, Slovene, and Ukrainian. The paper summarizes the research undertaken on standardisation and integration of Slavic language resources and on the establishment of a virtual organisation supporting research infrastructure for Slavic lexicography. The results should be useful for an implementation of a research infrastructure in the coming years.
Źródło:
Cognitive Studies; 2011, 11
2392-2397
Pojawia się w:
Cognitive Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Web presentation of bilingual corpora (Slovak-Bulgarian and Bulgarian-Polish)
Autorzy:
Garabík, Radovan
Dimitrova, Ludmila
Koseska-Toszewa, Violetta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/677063.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Slawistyki PAN
Tematy:
Bulgarian
Polish
Slovak
digital language resources
parallel and aligned corpora
web presentation
Opis:
Web presentation of bilingual corpora (Slovak-Bulgarian and Bulgarian-Polish)In this paper we focus on the web-presentation of bilingual corpora in three Slavic languages and their possible applications. Slovak-Bulgarian and Bulgarian-Polish corpora are collected and developed as results of the collaboration in the frameworks of two joint research projects between Institute of Mathematics and Informatics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, from one side, and from the other side: Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Sciences and Institute of Slavic Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, coordinate by authors of this paper.
Źródło:
Cognitive Studies; 2011, 11
2392-2397
Pojawia się w:
Cognitive Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
About meanings as a rule not included in dictionaries
Autorzy:
Koseska-Toszewa, Violetta
Duszkin, Maksim
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/677324.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Slawistyki PAN
Tematy:
Quantification
quantifier
existentiality
universality
uniqueness
strong and weak quantificational meaning
verbal group
semantic structure of the sentence
state
event
Opis:
About meanings as a rule not included in dictionariesThe article discusses the problem of ambiguity of the exponents of logical existential quantification occurring in the verbal group of Bulgarian, Polish and Russian sentences: Bulg. отвреме навреме, понякога, Pol. od czasu do czasu, czasem, czasami, Rus. время от времени, иногда. This ambiguity can be explained by strong and weak existential quantification. Lexical semantics did not distinguish between these two types of existentiality. Here we present a description of selected exponents of logical existential quantification in Bulgarian, Polish and Russian.
Źródło:
Cognitive Studies; 2012, 12
2392-2397
Pojawia się w:
Cognitive Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Bulgarian-Polish parallel digital corpus and quantification of time
Autorzy:
Dimitrova, Ludmila
Koseska-Toszewa, Violetta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/677292.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Slawistyki PAN
Tematy:
Bulgarian
Polish
digital language resources
parallel and aligned corpora
quantification of time
Opis:
Bulgarian-Polish parallel digital corpus and quantification of timeThe paper presents the current state of the first Bulgarian-Polish parallel and aligned corpus, prepared in the frame of the joint research project “Semantics and Contrastive linguistics with a focus on a bilingual electronic dictionary” between the Institute of Mathematics and Informatics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences and the Institute of Slavic Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, coordinated by L. Dimitrova and V. Koseska-Toszewa. In particular, problems related to tense quantification are also discussed
Źródło:
Cognitive Studies; 2012, 12
2392-2397
Pojawia się w:
Cognitive Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Introduction
Autorzy:
Koseska-Toszewa, Violetta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/677298.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Slawistyki PAN
Źródło:
Cognitive Studies; 2012, 12
2392-2397
Pojawia się w:
Cognitive Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Neologisms in bilingual digital dictionaries (on the example of Bulgarian-Polish dictionary)
Autorzy:
Dimitrova, Ludmila
Koseska-Toszewa, Violetta
Satoła-Staśkowiak, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/677330.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Slawistyki PAN
Tematy:
Bulgarian
Polish
classifiers
dictionary entry
digital dictionary
headword
neologism
online dictionary
Opis:
Neologisms in bilingual digital dictionaries (on the example of Bulgarian-Polish dictionary)The paper discusses the presentation of neologisms in the recent version of the Bulgarian-Polish digital dictionary. We also continue the discussion of important problems related to the classifiers of the verbs as headwords of the digital dictionary entries. We analyze some examples from ongoing experimental version of the Bulgarian-Polish digital dictionary.
Źródło:
Cognitive Studies; 2012, 12
2392-2397
Pojawia się w:
Cognitive Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Polish-Bulgarian-Russian, Bulgarian-Polish-Russian or Russian-Bulgarian-Polish dictionary?
Autorzy:
Koseska-Toszewa, Violetta
Satoła-Staśkowiak, Joanna
Duszkin, Maksim
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/677314.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Slawistyki PAN
Tematy:
trilingual dictionary
form
meaning
semantic classifiers
state
event
classic classifiers
intransitive
transitive
temporal-aspect relation
Opis:
Polish-Bulgarian-Russian, Bulgarian-Polish-Russian or Russian-Bulgarian-Polish dictionary?The trilingual dictionary (M. Duszkin, V. Koseska, J. Satoła and A. Tzoneva) is being elaborated based on a working Polish-Bulgarian-Russian electronic parallel corpus authored by Maksim Duszkin, Violetta Koseska-Toszewa and Joanna Satoła-Staśkowiak, and works by A. Tzoneva. It is the first corpus comparing languages belonging to three different Slavic language groups: western, southern and eastern. Works on the dictionary are based on Gramatyka konfrontatywna bułgarsko-polska (Bulgarian-Polish confrontative grammar ) and the proposed there semantic-oriented interlanguage. Two types of classifiers have been introduced into the dictionary: classic and semantic. The trilingual dictionary will present a consistent and homogeneous set of facts of grammar and semantics. The Authors point out that in a traditional dictionary it is not clear for example whether aspect should be understood as imperfective / perfective form of a verb or as its meaning. Therefore in the dictionary forms and meaning are separated in a regular way. Imperfective verb form has two meanings: state and configuration of states and events culminating in state. Also perfective verb form has two meanings: event and configuration of states and events culminating in event. These meanings are described by the semantic classifiers, respectively, state and event, state1 and event1. The way of describing language units, mentioned in the article, gives a possibility to present language material (Polish, Bulgarian, Russian) in any required order, hence the article’s title.
Źródło:
Cognitive Studies; 2012, 12
2392-2397
Pojawia się w:
Cognitive Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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