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    Wyświetlanie 1-3 z 3
    Tytuł:
    Theory of Red Blood Cell Oscillations in an Ultrasound Field
    Autorzy:
    Johansen, K.
    Kimmel, E.
    Postema, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/178064.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    spatio-temporal cell dynamics
    Rayleigh-Plesset equation
    spherical cell
    red blood cell
    erythrocyte
    sonophore
    Opis:
    Manipulating particles in the blood pool with noninvasive methods has been of great interest in therapeutic delivery. Recently, it was demonstrated experimentally that red blood cells can be forced to translate and accumulate in an ultrasound field. This acoustic response of the red blood cells has been attributed to sonophores, gas pockets that are formed under the influence of a sound field in the inner-membrane leaflets of biological cells. In this paper, we propose a simpler model: that of the compressible membrane. We derive the spatio-temporal cell dynamics for a spherically symmetric single cell, whilst regarding the cell bilayer membrane as two monolayer Newtonian viscous liquids, separated by a thin gas void. When applying the newly-derived equations to a red blood cell, it is observed that the void inside the bilayer expands to multiples of its original thickness, even at clinically safe acoustic pressure amplitudes. For causing permanent cell rupture during expansion, however, the acoustic pressure amplitudes needed would have to surpass the inertial cavitation threshold by a factor 10. Given the incompressibility of the inner monolayer, the radial oscillations of a cell are governed by the same set of equations as those of a forced antibubble. Evidently, these equations must hold for liposomes under sonication, as well.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Acoustics; 2017, 42, 1; 121-126
    0137-5075
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Acoustics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Sampling Properties of Estimators of Nucleotide Diversity at Discovered snp Sites
    Autorzy:
    Renwick, A.
    Bonnen, P. E.
    Trikka, D.
    Nelson, D. L.
    Chakraborty, R.
    Kimmel, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/908150.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2003
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Oficyna Wydawnicza
    Tematy:
    genetyka
    statystyka
    single nucleotide polymorphisms
    ascertainment bias
    nucleotide diversity
    molecular evolution
    Opis:
    SNP sites are generally discovered by sequencing regions of the human genome in a limited number of individuals. This may leave SNP sites present in the region, but containing rare mutant nucleotides, undetected. Consequently, estimates of nucleotide diversity obtained from assays of detected SNP sites are biased. In this research we present a statistical model of the SNP discovery process, which is used to evaluate the extent of this bias. This model involves the symmetric Beta distribution of variant frequencies at SNP sites, with an additional probability that there is no SNP at any given site. Under this model of allele frequency distributions at SNP sites, we show that nucleotide diversity is always underestimated. However, the extent of bias does not seem to exceed 10-15% for the analyzed data. We find that our model of allele frequency distributions at SNP sites is consistent with SNP statistics derived based on new SNP data at ATM, BLM, RQL and WRN gene regions. The application of the theory to these new SNP data as well as to the literature data at the LPL gene region indicates that in spite of ascertainment biases, the observed differences of nucleotide diversity across these gene regions are real. This provides interesting evidence concerning the heterogeneity of the rates of nucleotide substitution across the genome.
    Źródło:
    International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science; 2003, 13, 3; 385-394
    1641-876X
    2083-8492
    Pojawia się w:
    International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Bubble-Like Response of Living Blood Cells and Microparticles in an Ultrasound Field
    Autorzy:
    Mazzawi, N.
    Postema, M.
    Kimmel, E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1383573.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015-01
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    43.80.Cs
    47.55.df
    87.80.Fe
    Opis:
    The bilayer sonophore model suggests that ultrasound induces a pulsating structure in the intra-membrane hydrophobic space between the two lipid monolayer leaflets of the cell membrane, assembled by dissolved gas of the surrounding area, which absorbs acoustic energy and transforms it by creating intra-cellular structural changes. This void has been referred to as a bilayer sonophore. The bilayer sonophore inflates and deflates periodically when exposed to ultrasound and may itself radiate acoustic pressure pulses in the surrounding medium in the same way a gas bubble does: once exposed to ultrasound the bilayer sonophore becomes a mechanical oscillator and a source of intracellular cavitation activity. In this paper, we describe observations of the clustering behaviour of living cells and several other particles in a standing sound field generated inside a ring transducer. Upon sonication, blood cells and monodisperse polystyrene particles were observed to have been trapped in the same locations, corresponding to nodes of the ultrasound field. Because polystyrene is hydrophobic, it behaves like a particle trapped inside a thin gas shell. In fact, the sonophore model treats biological cells in a similar way. Microbubbles that form the ultrasound contrast agent Quantison™ behave differently, however. These microbubbles accumulated in circles faster than blood cells and polystyrene particles. In addition, they form tightly packed clusters at the nodes, indicating very strong secondary Bjerknes forces. Cluster formation is not to be expected in cells with predicted sonophore sizes on the order of 10-100 nm.
    Źródło:
    Acta Physica Polonica A; 2015, 127, 1; 103-105
    0587-4246
    1898-794X
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Physica Polonica A
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-3 z 3

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