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Wyszukujesz frazę "Kantowicz, E." wg kryterium: Autor

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    Tytuł:
    Niektóre aspekty ochrony przyrody w strefie półsuchej - przykład afrykański
    Some aspectsb of nature conservation in the semi-arid zone. An African example
    Autorzy:
    Kantowicz, E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2085761.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    1983
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Geografii i Studiów Regionalnych
    Opis:
    The problems related to nature conservation in the African semi-arid zone are discussed. The negative changes in the environment there have such a bearing upon traditional occupations of the population that the nature conservation problems are reduced to the law-enforced observance of the principles of rational land use. In substantiation of this approach use was made of the determination of major negative changes in the environment, the principal reasons for these changes and the measures to counteract them. The key role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of the desert limit area is played by natural vegetation. Its degradation initiates soil losses due to erosion, lowering of ground water level, and a gradual process of turning the area to a desert land. Among the chief reasons for these adverse changes in the environment is increased population density, excessive herds of farm animals, abandonment of the traditional grazing ways, as well as the economic pressure of new economic forms, and especially that of the rapidly growing cities. Countermeasures against these unfavorable phenomena should go beyond the nature conservation activities in a narrow meaning. A broader action is required which would account for the current characteristics of the pasture use and would control their possible intensification in accordance with the pasture potential. The accomplishment of these tasks in real life often meets with some difficulties, as these problems are actually complex socio-economic processes, rather than technical questions. The solutions of these problems are critical for the preservation of the resources of the semi-arid zone which, for many of African countries, means secured existence of their economy.
    Źródło:
    Prace i Studia Geograficzne; 1983, 04; 127-133
    0208-4589
    Pojawia się w:
    Prace i Studia Geograficzne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Naturalne warunki rozwoju uprawy roślin na pograniczu lasu i sawanny w Afryce
    Natural conditions of development of plant cultivation in the border zone between forest and savanna in Africa
    Autorzy:
    Kantowicz, E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2085687.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    1985
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Geografii i Studiów Regionalnych
    Opis:
    The fundamental assumption of the work is the relation between the geographical environment of the border zone of the equatorial forest and savannah in Africa, and the cultivation of plants. The problem suggiests original though very general views of some agriculture historians who consider the areas of differentiated environment the probable cradle of mankind, the place of the beginning and important development stages of the man's economic activity. The paper words a working hypothesis that the differentiation of the geographical environment, expressed in the border line of the equatorial forest and savannah, is one of the significant factors of plant cultivation. To check this hypothesis the relation was analyzed between the geographical environment and the initiation of plant cultivation as well as its contemporary features and development. Theoretically the work was based on the assumption that elements selected for analysis are parts of a larger system in the functional and spatial sense. The analysis availed of research results dispersed in the literature on paleography, physical geography, archaeology, history and broadly conceived geography of man. Employed was the comparative analysis of the mechanism of mutual relationship of selected elements of the geographical envirorunent and plant cultivation in the zone of forest, savannah and in the zone of the forest and savannah border line. Only in few cases the material allowed for quantitative approach of the analyzed phenomena. The heterogeneity of source materiał frequently compelled to cautions wording of conclusions. Natural conditions of initiatilon of plant cultivation were considered from the point of view of two general opinions about the beginnings of agriculture adopted in the form of assumptions. The first states, that the existence of intensive collecting forms is an indispensable condition of starting plant cultivation. According to the second view, the primary heterogeneity of wildly growing species related with cultivated plants is such an indispensable condition. The above assumptions were investigated by means of analyzing spatial differentiation and changes in time of three elements of the geographical environment: (a) climate, particularly of selected limiting factors of plant growth; (b) soils, paricularly their fertility; (c) vegetation, mainly its productivity and species composition. The domestication of plants in the forest-savannah boundary zone wais examined also on the basis of ecological requirements of african cultigens and the distribution of wild growing species closely related with the cultivated plants. Due to the analysis based on quantitative assessment of the climate factors limiting the growth of plants in terms of the J. Phillips method (1959) modified for the purpose of this work, the conformity of spatial differentiation of the mentioned factors of climate, soil and natural vegetation was stated. It was determined that a greater natural productivity and richer flora conditioned by climate and soils were the specific feature of the geographical environment in the forest-savannah boundary zone at the time of the beginnings of agriculture. A richer vegetation of the forest-savannah boundary zone guaranteed to the man better possibilities of finding plants serving as nourishment at the same time contributing to the survival of a greater number of population there. This conclusion is confirmed by the reconstruction of the African continent's population at the end of Pleistocene carried out by archaelogists who located the zone of intensive collecting at the outskirts of a dense forest complex. As far as some cultivated plants of African origin are concerned it was anticipated that the border zone of equatorial forest and savannah was the most probable place of initiation thieir cultivation. They include: the group of Guinean jams, pearl millet and oil palm. Moreover, the zone of forest and savannah border line is an area of overlapping ranges of the occurrence of majority of basic cultivated plants of African origin and of wild growing species related with them. The results of the analysis became the basis for the shifting of G. P. Murdock's independent center of origin of agriculture from the Mande region to the eastern part of West African section of the forest-savannah boundary zone wher african yams had been domesticated. One of the most important generalizing conclusions of this part of the work consisted in the statement, that the zone of forest and savannah border was an area mostly favouring the early development of plant cultivation due to more favourable conditions of the geographical environment mainly conditioned by its diversirty. A similar tendency may be noticed also with regard to contemporary plant cultivation. The differentiation of the envirionment through crops structures and yield of plants creates conditions for a bigger concentration of population which in turn accelerates the evolution of traditional systems of plant cultivation. Three types of man's „responses” were recorded to natural possibilities of the zone of forest and savannah border. In the first case, tribes living in the zone of forest and savannah border farm only in savannah, in the second - only in the forest, and in the third - they utilize both environments. Relatively developed plant cultivation accompanied by a bigger population density occurs most frequently in the case of those tribes which utilize both forest and savannah environment. The analysis carried out in this part of the work enabled the author to take a stand with regard to the existing contradictory views concerning the relation between the distribution of population and the border line of the equatorial forest. The analysis states, that the main advantage of the geographical environment of the equatorial forest border are conditions favouring the occurrence of diversified crops structure and correlated agricultural production. The existence of a relationship between population distribution and forest border is confirmed by denser population in its vicinity, settlements both in the forest and the savannah, but with the possibility of agricultural utilization of both environments. The results of the analysis throw also a new light on the broadly discussed problem of the so-called „middle belt”. One of the reasons of the occurrence of a belt of smaller population density in the vicinify of primary border of the equatorial forest and the contemporary border between the derived savannah and South Guinean savannah, called the „middle belt”, is, apart from other reasons, also the long duration of the influence of intensive cultivation pression which caused the retreat of the forest's border and gradual degradation of the environment. Due to taking into account two rather distant stages of plant growing development it was possible to determine the permanence of the differentiated environment's influence upon the man's activity though the mechanism of this relationship and its effects are in both cases different. The natural potential itself of the equatorial forest border zone is the most essential factor of initiation plant cultivation. Whereas in the contemporary evolution agriculture more importance is gained by the method of utilizing this potential by the man.
    Źródło:
    Prace i Studia Geograficzne; 1985, 08; 83-165
    0208-4589
    Pojawia się w:
    Prace i Studia Geograficzne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Działalność badawcza w Zakładzie Geografii Regionalnej w pięćdziesięcioleciu 1954-2004
    50 Years of research activity at the Department of Regional Geography 1954-2004
    Autorzy:
    Kantowicz, E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2084973.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2004
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Geografii i Studiów Regionalnych
    Tematy:
    Zaklad Geografii Regionalnej UW
    Uniwersytet Warszawski
    lata 1954-2004
    historia
    dzialalnosc badawcza
    Opis:
    Na tle poglądów na temat geografii regionalnej przedstawiono zmiany w czasie działalności badawczej Zakładu Geografii Regionalnej w minionym pięćdziesięcioleciu oraz dorobek w podziale na: prace metodologiczne, badawcze, encyklopedie, monografie i podręczniki oraz prace bibliograficzne, kartograficzne i nazewnicze.
    Research activity at the Department of Regional Geography in the past 50 years has been reviewed in the context of the geographical thought of the 20th century, subdivided into the following categories: methodology, research, encyclopedias, monographic studies, manuals, as well as bibliographical, cartographical and onomastic works. As far as methodological works are concerned, one should mention, first of all, a new approach to, and the very idea of the subject and objectives of regional geographical studies, developed at the Department in the late 1970s. The crucial point of the new approach was seeking relations between the natural environment and man and his activities in different regions, while applying various methods for analyzing the relationships. Other methodological works concerned such issues as for example: links between certain geographical issues (political borders, globalization processes) and regional geography, various details relating to methods and approaches, principles governing research in regional geography and some methodological problems relating to geography and environmental protection. From the moment the Department of Regional Geography of Warsaw University was established till the early 1970s, its research studies were dominated by social and economic problems, including population studies, studies on the Polish community abroad, on migration and urbanization, economic activity, as well as regional and economic development in various parts of the world. Very many studies dealt with geographical rural problems in non-Polish territories. Historical, political and cultural geography was also frequently approached. Since the mid-1960s, research studies have been mainly focused on relations betweens human activity and the natural environment, which became the dominant subject in the subsequent years. These subjects, analyzed from different perspectives, were dealt with not only by research staff in their publications, but also, with a few exceptions, by students writing their MA theses, thus contributing to the overall academic achievement of the Department. This concurrence, or rather subordination of one of the most important teaching elements to basic academic research, should be emphasized in this context. In regional geography, relationships are perceived in terms of spatial (and sometimes, also temporal) coexistence of natural and socio-economic phenomena, a prerequisite for examining causal relationships between the natural environment and the domain of human activity. The following research assumptions adopted in regional geography provide the theoretical grounds for these relations: factors confining human activity, diversification as a common attribute of the natural environment, with impact on man and his activity, a chain of intermediate man environment interconnections, changing character of these interrelations in time, their dual and bi-directional nature. Various statistic methods are used in examining spatial co-appearance of some of the features of the natural environment and the corresponding features of the socio-economic sphere. On the part of the natural environment, these interrelationships were analyzed in terms of its diversification, its usefulness with respect to various human activities, impact of its individual qualities, existing limits and barriers of physical and geographical character, impact of changes of the environment and, finally, its degradation. On the part of the socio-economic phenomena, the following aspects were taken into consideration: population density, deployment and durability of settlements, various issues related to agriculture and land use, density and character of communication and transportation systems, tourism and tourist facilities, economic development and its attributes. Research activity of the Department of Regional Geography is evidenced by a total of 163 chosen published studies.
    Źródło:
    Prace i Studia Geograficzne; 2004, 34; 25-55
    0208-4589
    Pojawia się w:
    Prace i Studia Geograficzne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Bolesław K. Dumanowski
    Autorzy:
    Kantowicz, E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2084826.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Geografii i Studiów Regionalnych
    Opis:
    Professor Bolesław Dumanowski - a geomorphologist and a regional geographer was born on 24 March 1927 in Podolia. In 1952 he obtained the master's degree in geomorphology at the Wrocław University where then he started scientific research and received the degree of a Doctor of Philosophy in 1958 and completed his habilitation procedure in 1964. In 1965 Bolesław Dumanowski commenced his work at the University of Warsaw which he continued until the end of his life. He was bound to the Department of Regional Geography and to the African Institute. He travelled abroad several times: to China (1956), Egypt (1959), the Great Britain (1965), Tanzania (1972-1974), and Libya (1984-1987), among the others. At the University of Warsaw he was the Vice-director of the African Institute (1974-1975), the Director of the Department of Regional Geography (1975-1997), an Associated Dean (1980-1981) and the Dean of the Faculty of Geography and Regional Studies ( 1981-1984). Professor Dumanowski's scientific output comprised works in geomorphology, regional geography and methodology of geography. He was the author of several unconventional hypothesis. In his geomorphologic works he explained the origin and the development of the Sudety Mountains relief, focusing on slope covers and slope morphology in reference to lithology and climate, the origin of spherical cavities in sandstones and the structure of moraines. His study in Africa concerned the origin of depressions surrounding the granitic masiifs, the formation of copies dunes, the evolution of slopes and morphology of the wadi. Professor's works were published in Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie. In the regional geography he contributed with works on the impact of the natura) environment variability (measured by the gradient size of chosen elements) on the distribution and density of population and with its amplification in his scientific method of the environment evaluation measured by its diversity in the basie fields. During his work at the University of Warsaw professor Bolesław Dumanowski lectured on the structure and the evolution of nature, on the physical geography of continents (especially of Africa), on methodology of geography and of the regional geography, and on the tropical zone geography. He tutored few dozen master's and four doctor's theses. He died October 25, 2005 in Warsaw.
    Źródło:
    Prace i Studia Geograficzne; 2008, 40
    0208-4589
    Pojawia się w:
    Prace i Studia Geograficzne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Profesor Stefan Kałuski podróżnik – wykładowca – uczony
    Professor Stefan Kałuski – traveler – lecturer – scholar
    Autorzy:
    Kantowicz, E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2078218.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Geografii i Studiów Regionalnych
    Źródło:
    Prace i Studia Geograficzne; 2016, 61, 1; 7-11
    0208-4589
    Pojawia się w:
    Prace i Studia Geograficzne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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