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Tytuł:
Characteristics of centrifugally cast GX25CrNiSi18-9 steel
Autorzy:
Zapała, R.
Kalandyk, B.
Rakowska, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/381343.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
metallography
heat resistance
cast steel
metalografia
żaroodporność stopu
staliwo
Opis:
The paper presents the results of microstructural examinations of the industrial heat-resistant centrifugally cast GX25CrNiSi18-9 steel characterised by increased content of Cu. The study included changes in the microstructure of base cast steel respective of the steel held at a temperature of 900 and 950°C for 48 hours. Based on the results obtained, an increase in microhardness of the examined cast steel matrix with increasing temperature was stated, which was probably caused by fine precipitates enriched in Cr, Mo, and C forming inside the matrix grains. The layer of scale formed on the tested cast steel oxidised in the atmosphere of air at 900 and 950°C was characterised by an increased tendency to degradation with increasing temperature of the conducted tests.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2011, 11, 3 spec.; 249-254
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of Tempering Temperature on the Mechanical Properties of Cast L35HM Steel
Autorzy:
Zapała, R.
Kalandyk, B.
Wawro, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/380169.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
heat treatment
mechanical properties
cast L35HM steel
tempering
quenching
obróbka cieplna
właściwości mechaniczne
odlewy ze stali
Opis:
A possibility to control the strength, hardness and ductility of the L35HM low-alloy structural cast steel by the applied tempering temperature is discussed in the paper. Tests were carried out on samples taken from the two randomly selected industrial melts. Heat treatment of the cast samples included quenching at 900°C, cooling in an aqueous solution of polymer, and tempering at 600 and 650°C. The obtained results showed that the difference in the tempering temperature equal to 50°C can cause the difference of 121 MPa in the values of UTS and of 153 MPa in the values of 0.2%YS. For both melts tempered at 600 °C, the average values of UTS and 0.2%YS were equal to 995 MPa and 933 MPa, respectively. The values of EL and RA did not show any significant differences. Attention was drawn to large differences in strength and hardness observed between the melts tempered at 600 and 650°C. Despite differences in the mechanical properties of the examined cast steel, the obtained results were superior to those specified by the standard.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2017, 17, 2; 151-156
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Innovation technology for the production of massive slag ladles at the Krakodlew S.A. Foundry. Presentation of design works on research and development
Autorzy:
Paszkiewicz, M.
Guzik, E.
Kopyciński, D.
Kalandyk, B.
Burbelko, A.
Gurgul, D.
Sobula, S.
Ziółko, A.
Piotrowski, K.
Bednarczyk, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1840919.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
slag ladles
ductile cast iron
cast steel
large castings
massive castings
kadzie żużlowe
żeliwo sferoidalne
staliwo
odlewy wielkogabarytowe
Opis:
This article is a description of the progress of research and development in the area of massive large-scale castings - slag ladles implemented in cooperation with the Faculty of Foundry Engineering of UST in Krakow. Slag ladles are the one of the major castings that has been developed by the Krakodlew (massive castings foundry) for many years. Quality requirements are constantly increasing in relation to the slag ladles. Slag ladles are an integral tool in the logistics of enterprises in the metallurgical industry in the process of well-organized slag management and other by-products and input materials. The need to increase the volume of slag ladles is still growing. Metallurgical production is expected to be achieved in Poland by 2022 at the level of 9.4 million Mg/year for the baseline scenario - 2016 - 9 million Mg/year. This article describes the research work carried out to date in the field of technology for the production of massive slag ladles of ductile cast iron and cast steel.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2020, 20, 4; 67-71
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Microstructure Examinations in Corners of the Low-Carbon Steel Slabs from Continuos Caster Machine
Autorzy:
Kwinta, G.
Kara, S.
Kalandyk, B.
Zapała, R.
Pałka, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/351069.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
API 5L line pipe steels
low-carbon micro alloyed steel
microstructure
non-metallic inclusion
Opis:
The exposed selvedge layers in slabs cast by the continuous process should be free from surface defects, which in most cases appear in the form of cracks on the casting surface and run to its interior. In addition to the parameters of the casting process, the occurrence of such defects depends on the chemical composition of cast steel, on the segregation of surface active elements and formation of the precipitates of carbides, nitrides and other phases. Due to the frequent occurrence of defects in corners of the slabs, non-destructive testing was performed on the mechanically cleaned surfaces of slabs. The test material was low-carbon API(American Petroleum Institute API 5L standard) steel micro alloyed with Nb and Ti designed for the production of pipes to handle gas, oil and other liquid and gaseous fuels. Despite the use of different methods of inspection, i.e. ultrasonic, magnetic particle and penetrant, cracks were not traced in the examined material. Then, from the corners of the examined slabs, specimens were cut out for metallographic examinations. The main purpose of these examinations was to disclose the presence of possible cracks and micro cracks on the surfaces transversal and longitudinal to the direction of casting. At the same time, studies were conducted to establish the number and morphology of non-metallic inclusions in selvedge layers of the slab corners and axis. Additionally, hardness of the slabs was measured. The conducted studies revealed only some minor differences in the slab hardness along its axis (130 ÷ 135 HB) and in selvedge layers (120 ÷ 123 HB).
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2016, 61, 4; 2051-2056
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effects of Rare Earth Metal Addition on Wear Resistance of Chromium-Molybdenum Cast Steel
Autorzy:
Kasińska, J.
Kalandyk, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/381581.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
wear resistant alloys
cast steel
rare earth metals
Miller test
surface profile
stopy odporne na zużycie
stal
metale ziem rzadkich
test Millera
profil powierzchni
Opis:
This paper discusses changes in the microstructure and abrasive wear resistance of G17CrMo5-5 cast steel modified with rare earth metals (REM). The changes were assessed using scanning microscopy. The wear response was determined in the Miller test to ASTM G75. Abrasion tests were supplemented with the surface profile measurements of non-modified and modified cast steel using a Talysurf CCI optical profilometer. It was demonstrated that the modification substantially affected the microstructure of the alloy, leading to grain size reduction and changed morphology of non-metallic inclusions. The observed changes in the microstructure resulted in a three times higher impact strength (from 33 to 99 kJ/cm2) and more than two times higher resistance to cracking (from 116 to 250 MPa). The following surface parameters were computed: Sa: Arithmetic mean deviation of the surface, Sq: Root-mean-square deviation of the surface, Sp: Maximum height of the peak, Sv: Maximum depth of the valley, Sz: Ten Point Average, Ssk: Asymmetry of the surface, Sku: Kurtosis of the surface. The findings also indicated that the addition of rare earth metals had a positive effect on the abrasion behaviour of G17CrMo5-5 cast steel.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2017, 17, 3; 63-68
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Surfacing 24Cr-5Ni-2.5Mo Duplex Steel Castings by TIG
Autorzy:
Kasinska, J.
Skrzypczyk, A.
Kalandyk, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/379970.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
duplex cast steel
surfacing
Tungsten Inert Gas method
solution heat treatment
microstructure change
staliwo duplex
proces napawania
metoda TIG
obróbka cieplna
Opis:
This article discusses the influence of Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) surfacing of duplex cast steel on its hardness and structure. The samples of 24Cr-5Ni-2.5Mo ferritic-austenitic cast steel were subjected to single-overlay processes with the use of solid wire having the chemical composition similar to that of the duplex cast steel. As a result of the surfacing, the welds were obtained that had no welding imperfections with a smooth transition to the base material. In the test without the heat treatment, directly below the fusion line, we observe a ferrite band with a width of approximately 200 μm without visible austenite areas. Some of the samples were then solution treated (1060°C). Both variants, without and after solution heat treatment, were subjected to testing. Significant changes in the microstructure of the joint were observed after the heat treatment process (heat affected zone and weld microstructure changes). In both areas, an increase in the austenite volume fraction after solution heat treatment was observed. Changes in the microhardness of the ferrite in the HAZ area directly below the fusion line were also observed.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2018, 18, 2; 15-20
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nurses’ generalized self-efficacy in relation to their workplace
Autorzy:
Kalandyk, H.
Penar-Zadarko, B.
Krajewska-Kułak, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1917819.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Medyczny w Białymstoku
Tematy:
Nurses
work
self-efficacy
Opis:
Introduction: Self-efficacy in nurses appears to be of great importance, and is one of the indicators of behaviour Purpose: Nurses’ self-assessment of their generalized self-efficacy in relation to their workplace. Material and methods: The study involved random sample of 570 nurses. A diagnostic survey was carried out using the standardized Generalized SelfEfficacy Scale (GSES). Results: The average value of self-efficacy amounted to 29.3±30. Among the respondents, 56.8% represented category of “high efficacy”, whereas others were of “average efficacy” (32.3%) and “low efficacy” (10.9%). The overall assessment of the nursing profession was higher in participants who presented higher values on GSES scale (R=0.12). The average general level of satisfaction in terms of 20 aspects of professional work was connected with self-efficacy which proved statistically significant. Analysis of self-efficacy score did not indicate statistically significant differences among workplaces. Conclusion: Over half of the participants represented the category of “high efficacy”. The group of nurses employed in district hospitals presented the least instances of low self-efficacy assessment. Individuals who were satisfied with their nursing professional development opportunities had a higher self-efficacy. The higher the perception of self-efficacy, the higher the workplace satisfaction. The average level of satisfaction resulting from various aspects of nursing profession depended on the perception of selfefficacy in the following areas of assessment: professional development opportunity, decisionmaking autonomy, sense of purpose at work, and, to a lesser extent, occupational safety, maintaining work-life balance, and the possibility of communicating with people.
Źródło:
Progress in Health Sciences; 2016, 6(2); 92-99
2083-1617
Pojawia się w:
Progress in Health Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Perception of the psychosocial working conditions in a group of nurses working in hospitals and primary health care
Autorzy:
Kalandyk, H.
Penar-Zadarko, B.
Krajewska-Kułak, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1918303.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Medyczny w Białymstoku
Tematy:
Nurse
place of work
psychosocial conditions
Opis:
Introduction: In the nurses group, it is required to have great psychosocial skills, guaranteeing the high quality of professional services. Purpose: To assess the psychosocial working conditions of nurses, depending on their place of employment. Material and methods: The study involved 570 randomly selected nurses. It was based on a diagnostic survey using a standardised questionnaire of Psychosocial Working Conditions (PWC). Results: Correlation factors between the overall and average level of satisfaction with the work were quite high – exceed 0.30 and even 0.40. The greater was the need for change, the lower was the job satisfaction. High sense of self-control at work, social support, or wellbeing was linked with better ratings. Psychophysical requirements were assessed as the worst, and the least frequent were the additional requirements resulting from the conflict nature of the job and overload. Nurses from voivodeship hospitals rated their work lower in the category of intellectual demands, and nurses from the Primary Health Care - in the category of requirements resulting from the conflict nature of the job and overload. Behavioural control and the need for change were different for PHC and the other two hospitals. Psychological wellbeing in district hospitals was worse than in the other two types of medical institutions. Conclusions: The larger was the sense of work control, or sense of social support, the higher was the job satisfaction. The higher the level of requirements and the need for change, the lower was the satisfaction of the assessed aspects of work. There were clear differences in the assessment of the psychosocial working conditions of nurses from hospitals and nurses from PHC.
Źródło:
Progress in Health Sciences; 2016, 6(2); 100-108
2083-1617
Pojawia się w:
Progress in Health Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Comparison of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Cast Steel Carried out on Cast-on Samples and Samples Cast Separately
Autorzy:
Kalandyk, B. E.
Zapała, R. E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1837717.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
cast steel
cast-on samples
heat treatment
mechanical properties
metallography
staliwo
próbki odlewu
obróbka cieplna
właściwości mechaniczne
metalografia
Opis:
The results of microstructure examinations and UTS, YS, El, RA carried out on low-carbon cast steel containing 0.15% C. The tests were carried out on specimens cut out from samples cast on a large-size casting and from samples cast in separate foundry moulds. It has been shown that significant differences in grain size observed in the material of the separately cast samples and cast-on samples occur only in the as-cast. In the as-cast state, in materials from different tests, both pearlite percent content in the structure and mean true interlamellar spacing remain unchanged. On the other hand, these parameters undergo significant changes in the materials after heat treatment. The mechanical properties (after normalization) of the cast-on sample of the tested cast steel were slightly inferior to the values obtained for the sample cast in a separate foundry mould. The microscopic examinations of the fracture micro-relief carried out by SEM showed the presence of numerous, small non-metallic inclusions, composed mainly of oxide-sulphides containing Mn, S, Al, Ca and O, occurring individually and in clusters.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2021, 21, 2; 81-88
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of Vanadium Microaddition on the Strength of Low-Carbon Cast Steel at Elevated Temperatures
Autorzy:
Kalandyk, B. E.
Zapała, R. E.
Pałka, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/946865.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
low-carbon cast steel
microaddition elements
mechanical properties
temperature
staliwo niskowęglowe
elementy mikrododycji
właściwości mechaniczne
temperatura
Opis:
The effect of vanadium microaddition on the strength of low-carbon cast steel containing 0.19% C used, among others, for castings of slag ladles was discussed. The tested cast steel was melted under laboratory conditions in a 30 kg capacity induction furnace. Mechanical tests were carried out at 700, 800 and 900°C using an Instron 5566 machine equipped with a heating oven of ± 2°C stability. Non-standard 8- fold samples with a measuring length of 26 mm and a diameter of 3 mm were used for the tests. It has been shown that, compared to cast steel without vanadium microaddition, the introduction of vanadium in an amount of 0.12% to unalloyed, low carbon cast steel had a beneficial effect on the microstructure and properties of this steel not only at ambient temperature but also at elevated temperatures when it promoted an increase in UTS and YS. The highest strength values were obtained in the tested cast steel at 700°C with UTS and YS reaching the values of 193 MPa and 187.7 MPa, respectively, against 125 MPa and 82.8 MPa, respectively, obtained without the addition of vanadium. It was also found that with increasing test temperature, the values of UTS and YS were decreasing. The lowest values of UTS and YS obtained at 900°C were 72 MPa and 59.5 MPa, respectively, against 69 MPa and 32.5 MPa, respectively, obtained without the addition of vanadium.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2020, 20, 2; 79-83
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Cast High-Manganese Steel – the Effect of Microstructure on Abrasive Wear Behaviour in Miller Test
Autorzy:
Kalandyk, B.
Tęcza, G.
Zapała, R.
Sobula, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/383241.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
austenite
high-manganese steel
microstructure
abrasive wear resistance
Miller slurry machine test
austenit
stal wysokomanganowa
mikrostruktura
odporność na ścieranie
test Millera
Opis:
The results of the modification of austenitic matrix in cast high-manganese steel containing 11÷19% Mn with additions of Cr, Ni and Ti were discussed. The introduction of carbide-forming alloying elements to this cast steel leads to the formation in matrix of stable complex carbide phases, which effectively increase the abrasive wear resistance in a mixture of SiC and water. The starting material used in tests was a cast Hadfield steel containing 11% Mn and 1.34% C. The results presented in the article show significant improvement in abrasive wear resistance and hardness owing to the structure modification with additions of Cr and Ti.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2015, 15, 2; 35-38
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of Heat Treatment on the Microstructures 20%Cr-21%Ni-5%Si Cast Steel
Autorzy:
Kalandyk, B.
Kasińska, J.
Olejnik, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/381678.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
austenitic cast steel
stainless steel
cast steel microstructure
heat treatment
staliwo austenityczne
stal nierdzewna
mikrostruktura staliwa
obróbka termiczna
Opis:
The study describes the effect of heat treatment on the microstructure of cast high-alloyed 20%Cr-21%Ni-5%Si steel. It has been found that the microstructure of the tested material in the initial state consists of an austenitic matrix and precipitates rich in Si, Cr, Ni and Mn, characterized by different morphology and distributed mainly along the grain boundaries. The conducted heat treatment (after solutioning at: 1060, 1100 and 1200ºC) has changed both morphology and chemical composition of the precipitates. Significant reduction in the Si and Ni content and slight increase in the Cr content, especially after solutioning at 1200°C, combined with a simultaneous decrease in the hardness of the precipitates was evidenced.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2015, 15, 2 spec.; 39-42
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of high-manganese cast steel strain hardening on the abrasion wear resistance in a mixture of SiC and water
Autorzy:
Kalandyk, B.
Zapała, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/382258.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
austenite
high-manganese steel
microstructure
abrasive wear resistance
Miller slurry machine test
austenit
stal wysokomanganowa
mikrostruktura
odporność na zużycie ścierne
test Millera
Opis:
The study attempts to determine the impact of the high-manganese cast steel strain hardening on its abrasion wear resistance in a mixture of SiC and water prepared in accordance with ASTM G75. For tests, the high-manganese cast steel containing 10.7, 17.9 and 20.02% Mn was selected. The results of microstructure examinations and abrasion wear resistance tests carried out on the material in non-hardened condition and after strain hardening with a force of 539.55kN were disclosed. Additionally, the surface of samples after a 16-hour cycle of abrasion tests was examined. Moreover, based on the obtained results, the effect of different contents of Mn in cast steel was studied, mainly in terms of its impact on the abrasion wear resistance. The results obtained on the tested materials were compared with the results obtained on the low-alloyed abrasion wear-resistant cast steel L35GSM.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2013, 13, 4; 63-66
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of Silicon Addition on the Microstructure of Cast 24Cr-5Ni-2.5Mo-xSi Duplex Steel
Autorzy:
Kalandyk, B.
Zapała, R.
Witkowska, M.
Kowalska, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/381193.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
stainless steels
microstructure of cast
Thermo-Calc
duplex steel
stale nierdzewne
mikrostruktura odlewu
stal duplex
Opis:
Characteristics of the microstructure of corrosion-resistant cast 24Cr-5Ni-2.5Mo duplex steel after introduction of 0.98, 1.67 and 4.3% Si were described. Based on the test results it has been found that silicon addition introduced to the corrosion-resistant cast two-phase duplex steel significantly reduces austenite content in the alloy matrix. Increasing silicon content in the test alloy to 4.3% has resulted, in addition to the elimination of austenite, also in the precipitation of Si-containing intermetallic phases at the grain boundaries and inside the grains. The precipitates were characterized by varying content of Cr and Mo, indicating the presence in the structure of more than one type of the brittle phase characteristic for this group of materials. The simulation using Thermo-Calc software has confirmed the presence of ferrite in all tested alloys. In the material containing 4.3% Si, the Cr and Si enriched precipitates, such as G phase and Cr3Si were additionally observed to occur.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2018, 18, 1; 186-190
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effects of steel - applied for large-dimension castings for the power engineering - refining in the ladle-furnace
Efekty rafinacji w pieco-kadzi stali stosowanej na wielkogabarytowe odlewy dla energetyki
Autorzy:
Kalandyk, B.
Wojtal, W
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/355926.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
cast steel for power industry
melting technology
electric arc furnace
ladle furnace
desulphurisation
staliwa dla energetyki
technologia topienia
elektryczny piec łukowy
piecokadź
odsiarczanie
Opis:
The changes of a sulphur content during refining in melting low-alloy and high-alloy steels (G17CrMoV5-10; GX12CrMoNiVNbN9-1) applied for large-dimension castings for the power engineering are presented in the hereby paper. The investigated steel was melted in the oxygen-recovery melting technology with an application of maximum 70% of the process scrap. In addition, after steel melting in the electric arc furnace (EAF), the secondary metallurgy was performed in the ladle furnace (LF). It was shown that the application of the secondary metallurgy by a synthetic slag in the ladle furnace and argon bubbling of a metal bath leads to obtaining in the final analysis: 0.0043-0.0046% of sulphur (a decrease of S content during refining in LF reached 40%). Current measurements of FeO in the slag and maintaining its content below 0.8%, support obtaining such low sulphur content in steel. So low level of the slag oxidizing is one of the necessary conditions for a deep desulphurisation of the metal bath. Without the secondary metallurgy the sulphur content in low-alloy cast steel was 0.007%, while 0.01% in high-alloy cast steel. Controlling of the gas (oxygen, nitrogen) content during steel melting and correcting the amount of additions (e.g. deoxidants), allowed to obtain the low oxygen content (below 45 ppm for two investigated steel grades) and nitrogen content (88 ppm for low-alloy steel and 330 ppm for high-alloy steel), which warrants a good combination of strength and plastic properties.
W pracy przedstawiono zmiany zawartosci siarki podczas rafinacji w czasie wytapiania stali nisko- i wysokostopowej (G17CrMoV5-10; GX12CrMoNiVNbN9-1) stosowanej na wielkogabarytowe odlewy dla energetyki. Badana stal wytopiono w technologii odzyskowo-tlenowej z zastosowaniem maksymalnie 70% złomu własnego. Dodatkowo, po wytopieniu stali w piecu łukowym (EAF) przeprowadzono obróbke pozapiecowa w pieco-kadzi (LF). Wykazano, ze zastosowanie obróbki pozapiecowej zuzlem syntetycznym w pieco-kadzi i argonowania kapieli metalowej prowadzi do uzyskania w analizie koncowej 0,0043-0,0046%S (zmniejszenie zawartosci S podczas rafinacji w LF siegało 40%). Uzyskaniu tak niskiej zawartosci siarki w stali sprzyja m.in. biezacy pomiar FeO w zuzlu i utrzymanie jego zawartosci ponizej 0,8%. Tak niski poziom stopnia utlenienia zuzla jest jednym z warunków koniecznym do dobrego odsiarczenia kapieli metalowej. Bez obróbki pozapiecowej zawartosc siarki w staliwie niskostopowym wynosiła 0,007%, natomiast dla staliwa wysokostopowego 0,01%. Kontrola zawartosci gazów (tlenu i azotu) w czasie wytapiania stali i dokonywana korekta ilosci wprowadzanych dodatków (np. odtleniaczy) doprowadziła do uzyskania niskiej zawartosci tlenu (ponizej 45 ppm dla dwóch badanych gatunków stali) i azotu (88 ppm dla stali niskostopowej, 330 ppm dla stali wysokostopowej) gwarantujaca dobra kombinacje własciwosci wytrzymałosciowych i plastycznych odlewów.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2013, 58, 3; 779-783
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 25

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