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    Wyświetlanie 1-7 z 7
    Tytuł:
    Erythritol tetranitrate as a sensitizer in ammonium nitrate based explosives
    Autorzy:
    Künzel, M.
    Němec, O.
    Matyáš, R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358427.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    erythritol tetranitrate
    improvised explosive
    ammonium nitrate
    slurry
    emulsion
    Opis:
    This paper focuses on ammonium nitrate based explosives sensitized with erythritol tetranitrate. Erythritol tetranitrate (ETN) is an ester of nitric acid and erythritol. It is a low melting crystalline solid with explosive properties similar to those of pentaerythritol tetranitrate. Experiments were conducted in order to determine any sensitizing effect this compound might have on three basic types of ammonium nitrate based mixtures – powdered, slurry and emulsion explosives. According to the results obtained, erythritol tetranitrate acts as a sensitizer giving detonator sensitivity to ammonium nitrate based explosives when incorporated therein in quantities from 10 to 20 percent.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2013, 10, 3; 351-358
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Optimization of Wall Velocity Measurements Using Photonic Doppler Velocimetry (PDV)
    Autorzy:
    Künzel, M.
    Němec, O.
    Pachman, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358399.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    bare fiber probe
    Gurney constant
    pentaerythritol tetranitrate
    photonic Doppler velocimetry
    Semtex
    Opis:
    The paper describes the measurement of cylindrical charge wall velocity profiles at various angles to the surface normal. The wall velocities were measured using simple zero generation photonic Doppler velocimetry (PDV). The detonation velocity was measured simultaneously using fiber optic probes coupled with a digital chronometer. The PDV probe angles were set in the range of -2° to 17° to the surface normal. Powdered pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) and the PETN-based plastic-bonded explosive Semtex 1A were selected as the explosive materials in order to ensure reliable detonation under the measurement conditions. The explosive charges were confined in thin-walled aluminum tubes with an internal diameter of 16 mm and wall thickness of 2 mm. The results can be useful for the characterization of charge expansion phenomena and also for the optimization of cylinder test measurements using PDV. Gurney constants were determined for both explosives.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2015, 12, 1; 89-97
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    OPTIMEX: Measurement of Detonation Front Curvature with a Passive Fiber Optical System
    Autorzy:
    Pachman, J.
    Künzel, M.
    Kubát, K.
    Selesovsky, J.
    Maršálek, R.
    Pospíšil, M.
    Kubíček, M.
    Prokeš, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358142.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    detonation front curvature
    detonation shock curvature
    A-IX-1
    RDX
    OPTIMEX
    Opis:
    The ability of a newly developed independent passive optical system OPTIMEX to measure the detonation front curvature is demonstrated on charges of pressed explosive A-IX-1 (RDX/ceresin-stearin mixture with 95/5 wt.%). The charges, with length to diameter ratios of from one to four, were prepared from cylinders with diameters of 21 mm, 30 mm, 40 mm and 50 mm pressed to a density of 1.66 g/cm3. Such charges detonate with a velocity of 8220 m/s. The detonation curvature was obtained using 8 optical fibers and the results were compared with photographs acquired by an ultra-high speed framing camera UHSi 12/24.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2016, 13, 4; 807-820
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Blast Wave Parameters of Liquid Esters of Nitric Acid: Propane-1,2,3-triyl Trinitrate, Propane-1,2-diyl Dinitrate, Ethane-1,2-diyl Dinitrate and Methyl Nitrate
    Autorzy:
    Pachman, J.
    Selesovsky, J.
    Künzel, M.
    Matyas, R.
    Kubat, K.
    Anastacio, A. C.
    Kučera, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358057.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    nitric ester
    blast wave
    TNT equivalent
    liquid explosive
    shock wave in air
    Opis:
    A knowledge of blast wave parameters generated by detonating explosives is important for the evaluation of protective measures, modelling validation and post blast analysis. The relevant data are available for solid military explosives, but not for liquid or homemade explosives. In this contribution we present comparison of experimental incident blast wave parameters for bare charges, weighing from 100 g to 1 kg, of liquid esters of nitric acid, including propane-1,2,3-triyl trinitrate (NG), propane-1,2-diyl dinitrate (PGDN), ethane-1,2-diyl dinitrate (EGDN) and methyl nitrate (MeN), amongst themselves and with TNT charges of approximately the same size. The TNT equivalents, determined from both the incident overpressures and the impulse of the positive phase of the blast wave, were above 100% and showed relatively high scatter. The strongest blast wave parameters under otherwise identical conditions were observed for charges of methyl nitrate.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2017, 14, 2; 375-390
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Explosive Properties of Melt Cast Erythritol Tetranitrate (ETN)
    Autorzy:
    Künzel, M.
    Matyáš, R.
    Vodochodský, O.
    Pachman, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358875.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    sensitivity
    detonation velocity
    melt cast
    erythritol tetranitrate
    Gurney velocity
    Opis:
    Erythritol tetranitrate (ETN) is a low melting, solid, nitrate ester with significant explosive properties. The increased availability of its precursor (erythritol), which is now used as a sweetener, has attracted attention to the possible misuse of ETN as an improvised explosive. However, ETN also has some potential to be used as a component of military explosives or propellants. This article focuses on the properties of melt-cast ETN. The sensitivity of the compound towards impact and friction was tested. The explosive performance was evaluated, based on cylinder expansion tests and detonation velocity measurements. The impact energy and friction force required for 50% probability of initiation was 3.79 J and 47.7 N, respectively. A Gurney velocity value of G = 2771 m·s−1 and a detonation velocity of 8027 m·s−1 at a charge density of 1.700 g·cm−3, were found for the melt-cast material. The sensitivity characteristics of melt-cast ETN does not differ significantly from either literature values or the authors’ data measured using the crystalline material. The explosive performance properties were found to be close to those of PETN.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2017, 14, 2; 418-429
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    OPTIMEX: Measurement of Detonation Velocity with a Passive Optical Fibre System
    Autorzy:
    Pachmáň, J.
    Künzel, M.
    Kubát, K.
    Šelešovský, J.
    Maršálek, R.
    Pospíšil, M.
    Kubíček, M.
    Prokeš, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358710.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    velocity of detonation
    VOD
    optical fibre
    passive VOD measurement
    OPTIMEX
    Opis:
    Detonation velocity (VOD) is one of the most important parameters describing the detonation process of a particular explosive. This article summarizes some peculiarities that we have come across when building and testing our new passive optical VOD meter – OPTIMEX. The advantages of using multiple probes with independent signal recording is discussed. The practical issues related to an explosive’s translucency are solved. Finally, a new method for detonation velocity data evaluation is proposed and demonstrated.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2017, 14, 1; 233-250
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Tetraamminecopper(II) Nitrate and Its Effects on Ammonium Nitrate(V)
    Autorzy:
    Künzel, M.
    Vodochodský, O.
    Matyáš, R.
    Jalový, Z.
    Pachman, J.
    Maixner, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/357988.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    ammonium nitrate
    complex salt
    copper
    detonation
    initiation
    Opis:
    Tetraamminecopper(II) nitrate(V) (TACN) is a complex copper salt which is easily formed when ammonium nitrate (AN) comes into contact with copper. It is considered to be an unwanted contaminant of AN because of its sensitivity to mechanical stimuli and significant explosive properties. The formation of TACN by the reaction of copper with molten ammonium nitrate(V) was demonstrated by powder diffraction. Friction and impact sensitivity testing was performed and field experiments were then conducted to reveal the detonation parameters of TACN and its initiation capability towards ammonium nitrate. The dependence of the detonation velocity on charge diameter was revealed and the ideal detonation velocity of 3500 m·s−1 at 0.87 g·cm−3 was measured. AN with the addition of 16 wt.% of TACN was found to detonate when initiated with a small booster charge. Moreover, TACN was able to initiate detonation in fertilizer grade ammonium nitrate(V) under massive steel confinement. TACN should be therefore considered as a possible contributory initiation source in some large scale accidents. In this article, some properties of TACN are revealed which could be useful for the investigation of accidents.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2017, 14, 1; 169-183
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-7 z 7

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