- Tytuł:
- Evaluation of the thermodynamics of a four level system using canonical density matrix method
- Autorzy:
-
Awoga, O.
Ikot, A.
Ituen, E.
Akpabio, L. - Powiązania:
- https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/240775.pdf
- Data publikacji:
- 2012
- Wydawca:
- Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
- Tematy:
-
entropia
Iloczynem Kroneckera
macierz gęstości
redukcja
Canonical density matrix
entropy
Kronecker product
Reduced density matrix - Opis:
- We consider a four-level system with two subsystems coupled by weak interaction. The system is in thermal equilibrium. The thermodynamics of the system, namely internal energy, free energy, entropy and heat capacity, are evaluated using the canonical density matrix by two methods. First by Kronecker product method and later by treating the subsystems separately and then adding the evaluated thermodynamic properties of each subsystem. It is discovered that both methods yield the same result, the results obey the laws of thermodynamics and are the same as earlier obtained results. The results also show that each level of the subsystems introduces a new degree of freedom and increases the entropy of the entire system. We also found that the four-level system predicts a linear relationship between heat capacity and temperature at very low temperatures just as in metals. Our numerical results show the same trend.
- Źródło:
-
Archives of Thermodynamics; 2012, 33, 4; 91-107
1231-0956
2083-6023 - Pojawia się w:
- Archives of Thermodynamics
- Dostawca treści:
- Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł