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    Tytuł:
    NOX-reduction on HD-vehicles-low cost quality check
    Autorzy:
    Czerwinski, J.
    Zimmerli, Y.
    Mayer, A.
    Heeb, N.
    Berger, H.
    D‘Urbano, G.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/246300.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    Diesel particle filter
    regeneration of DPF
    non-legislated emissions
    selective catalytic reduction SCR
    NOx-reduction
    SCR-quality testing
    on vehicle testing
    Opis:
    The NOx reduction of recent HD-vehicle is performed mostly by means of the selective catalytic reduction SCR. There are some manufactures and some applications of SCR as retrofit systems (mostly for the low emission zones LEZ and in combination with a DPF). In charge of Swiss authorities AFHB investigated several SCR-systems, or (DPF+SCR)-systems on HD-vehicles and proposed a simplified quality test procedure of those systems. This procedure can especially be useful for the admission of retrofit systems but it can also be helpful for the quality check of OEM-systems. In the present paper the test procedures will be described and some examples of specific results will be presented. As general conclusions it can be stated: – the foundations for the quality verification procedures of SCR-systems are established, – the SCR-systems are not active at lower temperatures < 200°C, – SCR-testing on vehicle is a simple & low-cost tool for quality check, – the overall average NOx reduction rate depends on the operating profile of the vehicle – for low-load, for cold operation and for interrupted operation (HEV) there are lower NOx reduction efficiencies.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2013, 20, 2; 61-68
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Combined DPF+SCR systems for retrofitting in the VERT quality verification tests
    Autorzy:
    Czerwinski, J.
    Zimmerli, Y.
    Mayer, A.
    Bunge, R.
    Heeb, N.
    Lemaire, J.
    Jauss, F.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/248088.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    diesel emission reduction
    diesel particle filter
    SCR
    limited and unlimited emissions
    deNOx
    Opis:
    New Diesel exhaust gas aftertreatment systems, with DPF*) and deNOx (mostly SCR) inline application are very important step towards zero emission Diesel fleet. Solid quality standards of those quite complex systems are urgently necessary to enable decisions by several authorities. The Swiss Federal Office of the Environment BAFU and the Swiss Federal Roads Office ASTRA decided to support further activities of VERT to develop appropriate testing procedures and to define the quality criteria. The present report informs about the international network project VERT *) dePN (de-activation, de-contamination, disposal of particles & NOx), which was started in Nov. 2006 with the objective to introduce the SCR-, or (DPF+SCR)-systems in the VERT verification procedure. Examples of results with some investigated systems are given. The most important statements are: - the investigated combined aftertreatment systems (DPF+SCR) for dynamic engine application efficiently reduce the target emissions with deNOx-efficiency up to 92% (if operated in the right temperature window) and filtration efficiency based on particle count up to 100%, - the average NOx conversion rate at transient operation (ETC) depends strongly on the exhaust gas temperature profile and the resulting urea dosing control, - the NP filtration efficiency, which is verified at stationary engine operation is perfectly valid also at the transient operation. The present results will be confirmed in the further project activities with other systems and with different testing cycles. A special attention will be paid to the operational profiles, which are representative for low emissions zones LEZ.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2008, 15, 3; 89-101
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Particle filter test procedure and quality standard for diesel engines
    Autorzy:
    Mayer, A.
    Czerwinski, J.
    Kasper, M.
    Leutert, G.
    Heeb, N.
    Ulrich, A.
    Jaussi, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242255.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    combustion engines
    diesel engines
    particle filters
    quality air standards
    air pollution
    Opis:
    A new approach is needed to test particle filters for retrofitting Diesel engines. Considering the toxicity of the particles as also the physical and chemical attributes of particle filters, the optimal scheme is to test the components themselves independent of the deployment. That scheme ensures the highest effectiveness with least effort. It also enables evaluation of worst-case situations and assesses the hazards of secondary emissions. The Swiss standard SNR 277 205, which mandates the VERT test procedure, is a first step in that direction. Occupational health specialists have studied the toxicity of ultraflne particles for more than 100 years. Extremely toxic are the particles intruding into the lung. Larger particles, which are always naturally present, are intercepted in the upper respiratory paths. The body then expels these larger particles rapidly via the mucus and cilia. The new manmade particles less-than l mi m, however massively intrude into the fine pulmonary alveoli, which do not have the cleansing mechanism. The targeted efficiencies for evaluating modern filters are evident from the progress achieved. Many filters have filtration rates exceeding 99.9%, albeit the directives [4] only require 97%.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2009, 16, 2; 305-314
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Vert particle filter test procedure and quality standard for new and in-use diesel engines
    Autorzy:
    Mayer, A.
    Czerwinski, J.
    Kasper, M.
    Leutert, G.
    Heeb, N. V.
    Ulrich, A.
    Jaussi, F.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247808.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    internal combustion engines
    diesel engines
    ecology
    filters
    particulates
    Opis:
    A new approach is needed to test particle filters for retrofitting Diesel engines. Considering the toxicity of the particles as also the physical and chemical attributes of particle filters, the optimal scheme is to test the components themselves independent of the deployment. That scheme ensures the highest effectiveness with least effort. It also enables evaluation of worst-case situations and assesses the hazards of secondary emissions. The Swiss standard SNR 277 205, which mandates the VERT test procedure, is a first step in that direction. The solution is derived from the physics of the filter media. The filtration of fine particles essentially depends on the particle size and the space velocity. The attributes of the emitting engine are only insignificantly relevant. Hence the physics and chemistry of particle filters can be investigated independent of the engine and its deployment duty. This concept facilitates a very thorough investigation of the size-dependent filtration, aging susceptibility, secondary emissions and extreme situations. Filter systems, which pass this detailed test, perform equally well in every retrofit configuration. This filter test concept was implemented 1998 in the VERT project and is successful for assessing retrofltting [4]. VERT approved fllter systems are already deployed in the Low Emission Zones of Europe, North and South America.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2010, 17, 4; 313-322
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Investigations of emissions of reactive substances NO2 and NH3 from passenger cars
    Autorzy:
    Czerwinski, J.
    Comte, P.
    Güdel, M.
    Lemaire, J.
    Mayer, A.
    Heeb, N.
    Berger, H.
    Reutimann, F.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/133799.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
    Tematy:
    exhaust emissions
    reactive substances
    NO2
    NH3
    emisje spalin
    substancje reaktywne
    Opis:
    Public concern and complaints regarding ambient air in zones of dense traffic pertains to two compounds of nitrogen, nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ammonia (NH3); both are toxic and strongly irritant, such that legal limitations are under discussion. This paper contributes to measuring methods as already in part proposed by GRPE subgroup WLTP-DTP (Worldwide Light Duty Test Procedures – Diesel Test Procedures) for NO2. Despite legally lowered NOx emission levels, lumping both, NO2 and NO, levels of NO2 have risen in cities and agglomerations as a result of both, deployed catalytic exhaust after-treatment devices and low sulphur Diesel fuels. In present tests two different combinations of NO2 measuring methods as proposed by WLTP were checked on Diesel cars for practicability in handling and accuracy. These integral, indirect methods (NO2 = NOx – NO) have been found as useful tools for estimate of NO2 and with use of appropriate analyzers a satisfactory accuracy was attained. Furthermore, attention was brought to ammonia (NH3) emitted by gasoline engines with three way catalysts (TWC) which ought not to be ignored while on the other hand SCR systems for Diesel engines are strictly regulated. Emission levels of more recent TWC turned out to be mostly below 20 ppm NH3. Vehicle of older technology exhibited significantly higher levels, about 10 times more. As chemical reactions depend on pressure and temperature (= i.e. flow condition in CVS-tunnel) as well as concentrations, doubts need to be considered on accuracy of results based on chemical reactive substances. Nevertheless, clear tendencies regarding changes of concentrations of NO2 and NH3 along the path-way could not be observed.
    Źródło:
    Combustion Engines; 2016, 55, 3; 24-33
    2300-9896
    2658-1442
    Pojawia się w:
    Combustion Engines
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-5 z 5

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