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Tytuł:
Wpływ pozycji roboczej podczas ścinki drzew na wydatek energetyczny operatora pilarki
Influence of working posture during the felling on energy expenditure of a chainsaw operator
Autorzy:
Grzywiński, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989764.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
pozyskiwanie drewna
scinka drzew
drwale
pilarze
pozycja ciala
wydatek energetyczny
working posture
energy expenditure
timber harvesting
feller
chainsaw
Opis:
Holding determined body postures during work is connected with energy expenditure. The more forced the posture is, the more muscles take active part in holding and stabilizing the working posture. In forest operations the most share of awkward (forced) working postures occur during the tree felling with a chainsaw. It is also one of the hardest activities in motor−manual timber harvesting process. The group of 10 experienced fellers in the age of 47.5±7.3 years was studied. The research was carried out on four Scots pine clear−cuts in western Poland, in spring and autumn without snow cover. The average air temperature was 7.1±4.8°C, and humidity amounted to 72±6.7%. In the simulation study the fellers cut thin wood slices from 30 cm stumps. The stumps were located close to each other in order to minimize the influence of passes from one to another. The diameter of stumps was selected so that it wouldn't exceed the effective length of the chainsaw bar. The felling was carried out with the chainsaw Stihl MS 361 with the power of 3.4 kW and weight of 7.5 kg. Net energy expenditure (NEE) was determined using the pulmonary ventilation measurement (MWE−1 meter) during simulation of felling in 4 working postures (fig.). The lowest energy expenditure was observed for kneeling down on one knee and squatting: 16.4 and 16.9 kJ/min, respectively. Standing bent forward working postures feature statistically higher energy expenditure, reaching 19.9 kJ/min with straight legs and 22.1 kJ/min with bent legs (p<0.05). The realized research confirmed that body posture during felling with a chainsaw influences the level of the feller's physical workload. Standing bent postures cause energy consumption which is higher than during squatting and kneeling on one knee. The most preferred working posture, from the point of view of energy expenditure and biomechanical workload during felling, is standing bent posture with straight legs. The other postures, especially squatting, can be used regularly for a short time in order to unburden a lumbar part of spine. Applying working postures that require less energy during felling with the chainsaw may contribute to reducing the work heaviness on the feller's workstation.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2015, 159, 10; 824-830
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Możliwości ręcznego przemieszczania surowca krótkiego podczas pozyskania sosny, świerka, brzozy i buka w cięciach pielęgnacyjnych
Capabilities of manhandling small logs in commercial thinning in pine, spruce, beech, and birch stands
Autorzy:
Tomczak, A.
Grzywiński, W.
Jelonek, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/986671.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
drzewostany
ciecia pielegnacyjne
sosna
swierk
brzoza
buk
pozyskiwanie drewna
drewno krotkie
drewno sredniowymiarowe
masa drewna
reczne przemieszczanie surowca drzewnego
przemieszczanie ciezarow
health
musculoskeletal symptoms
loggers
weight of logs
green density
Opis:
The aim of this study was to measure the weight of timber obtained from freshly cut trees and compare it with the applicable legal provisions pertaining the capability of transporting heavy loads by hand and also to indicate a problem significant for the occupational safety and health protection of employees working at wood harvesting. In Poland, about 40 million m3 of timber is harvested annually. The logs, with small diameter and length, are prepared for forwarding by arranging them by employees in the so called ‘packages’, which are placed by the route of the machine that collects and transports them to the logging road. Manhandling of the logs is an activity requiring the greatest energy expenditure (over 30 kJ/min) in the process of tree harvesting. Furthermore, it is also one of the key factors, which may lead to the development of musculoskeletal disorders. Regulations existing in the Polish labour law regulate the permitted weight of transported loads depending on the activity duration. For loads transported single−handedly this is 30 kg for a permanent employer, whereas 50 kg for workers doing the job occasionally or temporarily (no more than 4 times per hour and no longer than 4 hours during workday). Logs heavier than 50 kg may be carried only collectively providing the requirements of the minimal length (0,75 m) of the log per one person are met. We produced 2,5 m long logs and weighted them with an accuracy of 0,1 kg. The analysis revealed that approximately 30% of logs weighed between 30 and 50 kg, which introduces limitations in the number of carried logs per one person within a single shift. However, about 10% of the pine, 15% of spruce, 12% of beech and 38% of birch logs were heavier than 50 kg which should prevent carrying them single−handedly. Unfortunately, collective preparation of timber for forwarding is not popular among workers due to reduction in output, and at the same time the lower salary. Even if log for forwarding is prepared by two labourers, they most often work separately. As a result, the limits of the weight carried single− handedly by labourer are notoriously violated and exceeded.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2018, 162, 07; 531-538
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ pory roku na uszkodzenia drzewostanów olchowych podczas trzebieży wczesnej
Influence of the season on damage in black alder stands during early thinning
Autorzy:
Grzywiński, W.
Turowski, R.
Naskrent, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/978921.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
logging
tree damage
stand damage rates
Alnus glutinosa
Opis:
The paper presents the comparison of the influence of the season (winter and summer) on the level of damage to trees remaining after the timber harvest during early thinning in young alder stands. The study was carried out in black alder stands aged 38 and 40 years located in north−eastern Poland (Płaska Forest District). Chainsaw logging was performed in the cut−to−length harvest system, while timber was extracted using an agricultural tractor with a trailer with manual timber loading and unloading. The number and share of damaged trees and stand damage rates were estimated in a particular season of the year. Logging resulted in the damage of 8.3% to residual trees. Almost twice as many trees were damaged in summer as in winter (p=0.001). Significantly higher share of trees in 3rd, 4th, and 5th damage classes was found. Only the damage of timber fibers (6th class) did not differ significantly between analyzed seasons. The stand weighted damage rate (W) ranged in winter from 0.12 to 0.38, and in summer between 0.12 and 0.80. In turn, the value of weighted coefficient of damaged trees in the remaining stand amounted to 10.24−60.15 in winter, and 19.07−119.64 in summer. Both W (p<0.01) and WDI (p<0.05) indices were twice higher in the summer than in the winter period.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2020, 164, 05; 365-372
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Obciążenie fizyczne na stanowiskach leśniczego i podleśniczego
Physiological workload at forester and deputy forester workstations
Autorzy:
Grzywiński, W.
Jelonek, T.
Tomczak, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/979590.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
Panstwowe Gospodarstwo Lesne Lasy Panstwowe
stanowiska pracy
stanowisko lesniczego
stanowisko podlesniczego
obciazenia fizyczne
czestosc skurczow serca
wydatek energetyczny
heart rate
energy expenditure
work heaviness
forester
deputy forester
Opis:
The paper presents the study of physiological workload at forester and deputy forester workstations in 62 forest districts located all over Poland. The research was carried out on the sample group of 185 foresters and 167 deputy foresters in the course of one week (Monday−Friday) in each season of the year. The sample group was selected based on the unit’s management difficulty degree and personal job seniority. The measurement of heart rate (HR) was used to assess workers’ physiological workload. HR telemetric measurement was carried out by the means of wireless physical activity monitors ActiGraph GT9X and Polar WearLink H7. Every heart beat was recorded (beat−to−beat). ActiLife v. 6.11 software was used for data anasysis. On the basis of mean HR the value of minute net energy expenditure (NEE) was calculated. The overall mean HR amounted to 85.0 bpm for foresters, and 93.1 bpm for deputy foresters. These values classify work of forester as light, whereas that of deputy forester in the category of moderate work. The similar level of mean HR values was recorded in particular unit’s management difficulty degree and job seniority groups, especially at forester’s position. A higher diversity of HR was noticed in seasons. The mean HR values of foresters and deputy foresters in particular unit’s management difficulty degree and job seniority classes were significantly different (p<0.05), whereas there were not statistically significant differences in HR for these factors at the same workstation. The overall mean minute NEE at forester’s position amounted to 8.2 kJ/min and 11.5 kJ/min at deputy forester’s position. The minute NEE as a derivative of HR differed slightly in unit’s management difficulty degree and job seniority groups. Higher differences of NEE were observed in particular seasons. On the basis of the minute NEE, the energy cost of workshift (8h) was calculated. At the forester workstation it amounted to 4000 kJ (955 kcal) and at deputy forester’s to 5500 kJ (1313 kcal), on average. Energy expenditure classify both workstations in the category of moderate work. At forester’s workstation the highest NEE on the workday was recorded in winter (4560 kJ) and the lowest in summer (3744 kJ), while at deputy forester’s the highest NEE was noticed in spring (5856 kJ) and the lowest in winter (4992 kJ).
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2019, 163, 10; 811-819
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ochrona nietoperzy w lasach gospodarczych
The protection of bats in managed forests
Autorzy:
Wegiel, A.
Grzywinski, W.
Wegiel, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/881303.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Leśny Zakład Doświadczalny. Centrum Edukacji Przyrodniczo-Leśnej w Rogowie
Tematy:
lasy gospodarcze
fauna
nietoperze
Chiroptera
gospodarka lesna
rebnie
trzebieze
struktura drzewostanu
ochrona zwierzat
Źródło:
Studia i Materiały Centrum Edukacji Przyrodniczo-Leśnej; 2016, 18, 4[49A]
1509-1414
Pojawia się w:
Studia i Materiały Centrum Edukacji Przyrodniczo-Leśnej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Porównanie metod określania wydatku energetycznego na przykładzie leśnictwa
Comparing methods of energy expenditure estimation using forestry as an example
Autorzy:
Grzywiński, W.
Mederski, P.S.
Bembenek, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1313061.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa
Tematy:
lesnictwo
prace lesne
stanowiska pracy
czynnosci robocze
wydatek energetyczny
metody obliczen
metody szacunkowe
pomiary
analiza porownawcza
energy expenditure
comparison of methods
forestry
Opis:
In this paper the values of energy expenditure obtained with estimative methods (tables of energy expenditure, Lehmann's method) were compared to the data obtained with a method based on pulmonary ventilation measurements. Thereby, the usefulness of estimative methods for determining energy expenditure on work stations in forestry was tested. We compared energy expenditures for 30 forestry work stations within which 59 different activities were distinguished. For each activity the energy expenditure was determined utilizing the three following methods: pulmonary ventilation measurement, tables of energy expenditure and Lehmann's method. The percentage error in energy expenditure for particular activities determined with tables ranged from -44.47% to 42.31%. The highest representation of error value (52.8%) varied between -19.9% and 5.0%. The error in energy expenditure estimation determined with Lehmann's method is characterized by a smaller variability ranging from -31.35% to 34.13%. The highest density of error values was found in the range from -4.9% to 10.0%, which comprises 44.1% of the results. To conclude, the use of tables resulted in an underestimation of the energy expenditure value for 64.1% of activities, whereas the use of Lehmann's method resulted in an underestimation in 49.1% of the cases.
Źródło:
Leśne Prace Badawcze; 2014, 75, 4; 417-421
1732-9442
2082-8926
Pojawia się w:
Leśne Prace Badawcze
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Jakość drewna sosny zwyczajnej (Pinus sylvestris L.) II. Naturalne warunki (czynniki) produkcji i ich rola w kształtowaniu jakości drewna
Quality of Scots pine [Pinus sylvestris L.] wood. Part II. Natural conditions [factors] of production and their role in the fluctuations of wood quality
Autorzy:
Tomczak, A.
Pazdrowski, W.
Jelonek, T.
Grzywiński, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1009721.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
drewno sosnowe
zmiennosc fenotypowa
czynniki siedliska
czynniki genetyczne
sosna zwyczajna
lesnictwo
jakosc
Pinus sylvestris
drzewa lesne
wood quality
scots pine
genotype
phenotype
natural factors of production
Opis:
Wood structure and properties are determined by genetic, environmental and anthropogenic factors. Genetic factors probably play the most significant role, determining wood value and quality. However, also traits resulting in bigger or lesser extent from growth and development conditions or human activity modify the final effect of timber production. The study is based on literature review and presents the problem of wood quality and the role natural production factors play modifying it.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2009, 153, 07; 435-441
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Jakość drewna sosny zwyczajnej (Pinus sylvestris L.) III. Wpływ postępowania gospodarczego na jakość drewna
Wood quality of Scots pine [Pinus sylvestris L.]. Part III. The effect of silviculture on wood quality
Autorzy:
Tomczak, A.
Pazdrowski, W.
Jelonek, T.
Grzywiński, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1011748.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
drewno sosnowe
drzewostany sosnowe
wiezba drzew
podkrzesywanie drzew
sosna zwyczajna
lesnictwo
jakosc
ciecia pielegnacyjne
Pinus sylvestris
drzewa lesne
wood quality
scots pine
silviculture
stand density
improvement felling
pruning
Opis:
The aim of the study was to collect and present in a synthetic way the current state of knowledge on wood quality and factors affecting its fluctuations. Selected research papers presented in this study refer to Scots pine – the most important forest−forming species both in Poland and our part of Europe. Presented relationships between selected wood properties and characteristics of trees on the one hand and methods adopted in the management policy indicate that it is possible to modify wood quality on standing trees. In the future the utilization of these properties in forest economy is probably going to facilitate meeting the growing requirements of the wood market, especially in case of valuable assortments.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2009, 153, 08; 519-527
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Jakość drewna sosny zwyczajnej (Pinus sylvestris L.) I. Charakterystyka wybranych cech i właściwości drewna wpływających na jego jakość
Quality of Scots pine [Pinus sylvestris L.] wood. Part I. Characteristics of selected wood traits and properties affecting its quality
Autorzy:
Tomczak, A.
Pazdrowski, W.
Jelonek, T.
Grzywiński, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1012211.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
jakosc
Pinus sylvestris
drewno pozne
drewno sosnowe
seki
drewno wczesne
gestosc drewna
drewno mlodociane
sloje przyrostu rocznego
sosna zwyczajna
drzewa lesne
wady drewna
wood quality
scots pine
knots
wood density
tree rings
latewood
juvenile wood
Opis:
The study presents the synthetic characteristic of selected wood tissue traits and properties (knots, tree rings, the proportion of latewood, juvenile wood, wood density, dimensions of anatomical elements, cell wall structure), which play significant role in modifications of wood quality. At individual stage of the raw material–product cycle the term "quality" may be interpreted differently, but characteristics determining it remain unchanged. Quality depends on the natural traits and properties of wood.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2009, 153, 06; 363-372
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zrywka drewna średniowymiarowego w drzewostanach trzebieżowych przy użyciu ciągnika rolniczego z przyczepą nasiębierną
Timber extraction in thinned stands using agricultural tractor coupled with a trailer with a hydraulic crane
Autorzy:
Naskrent, B.
Polowy, K.
Grzywiński, W.
Sobczak, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/979600.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
drzewostany sosnowe
drzewostany przedrebne
trzebiez pozna
pozyskiwanie drewna
drewno sredniowymiarowe
zrywka drewna
zrywka nasiebierna
fotografia dnia roboczego
struktura czasu pracy
timber extraction
time studies
forest trailer
working day photography
Opis:
The amount of timber extracted from Polish forests is expected to increase in near future. The most common equipment for timber extraction is an agricultural tractor with a trailer equipped with a hydraulic crane. The research was carried out in the Wymiarki Forest District (Regional Directorate of the State Forests in Zielona Góra) in the third (TP1) and fourth age class (TP2) in Scots pine stands, during extraction of timber from thinning. Extraction was carried out using BELARUS MTZ 1221.2 agricultural tractor with PALMS 120 forest trailer equipped with PALMS 700 hydraulic crane. The scope of the study was to conduct time studies of extraction process and to estimate the extraction productivity as well as time and fuel consumption. Working time was measured by stopwatch, while the forwarding distance was determined with measuring wheel. The exact number of logs in each load was established. Average volume of each log and each load was calculated. The dominant work time category was effective working time 74.78% (TP1) and 73.60% (TP2), while the prevailing work task was loading 56.82% (TP1) and 58.99% (TP2). In older stands, the extraction productivity was higher than in younger ones reaching 11.28 and 9.62 m3/h, respectively. Statistical analysis proved that extraction distance significantly affect productivity and time consumption. With increasing extraction distance productivity decreases and time consumption increases. Fuel consumption was exactly the same in younger and older stands (0.52 l/m3).
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2019, 163, 02; 121-129
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Struktura wypadków przy pracy w Regionalnej Dyrekcji Lasów Państwowych w Szczecinku w latach 1990-2009
Structure of work accidents in the Regional Directorate of the State Forests in Szczecinek in the years 1990-2009
Autorzy:
Grzywiński, W.
Sawa, L.
Nowik, A.
Nowicki, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/991714.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
RDLP Szczecinek
wypadki przy pracy
prace lesne
wypadkowosc
work accident
frequency
severity
forestry
Opis:
The study analyses accident rate in the Regional Directorate of the State Forests in Szczecinek (NW Poland) in the years 1990−2009. 1042 accidents occurred in the analyzed period. The frequency rate equalled to 14.75, i.e. almost 15 accidents per 1000 employees. The severity rate amounted 48.65. The analysis showed that privatization of forest works did not have significant impact on accident rates.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2013, 157, 06; 403-411
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The effect of tree senescence on selected properties of wood tissue in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)
Wpływ procesów starzenia się drzew na wybrane właściwości tkanki drzewnej u sosny zwyczajnej (Pinus sylvestris L.)
Autorzy:
Jelonek, T.
Tomczak, A.
Jakubowski, M.
Grzywinski, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/8214.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Wydawnictwo Szkoły Głównej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie
Źródło:
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology; 2015, 92
1898-5912
Pojawia się w:
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Morphological architecture of different ecotypes of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in Poland
Architektura morfologiczna drzew reprezentujących różne ekotypy sosny zwyczajnej (Pinus sylvestris L.) w Polsce
Autorzy:
Remlein, A.
Jelonek, T.
Tomczak, A.
Jakubowski, M.
Grzywinski, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/7208.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Wydawnictwo Szkoły Głównej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie
Źródło:
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology; 2015, 92
1898-5912
Pojawia się w:
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Weight and green density of birch pulpwood harvested from the selected stands of Kaczory Forest Inspectorate
Masa i gęstość średniowymiarowego surowca brzozowego pozyskanego z wybranych drzewostanów nadleśnictwa Kaczory
Autorzy:
Tomczak, A.
Jelonek, T.
Jakubowski, M.
Grzywinski, W.
Kryger, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/8636.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Wydawnictwo Szkoły Głównej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie
Źródło:
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology; 2015, 91
1898-5912
Pojawia się w:
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Struktura roczna i rzeczywisty czas pracy na stanowiskach leśniczego i podleśniczego
Annual structure and actual worktime at the forester and deputy forester workstations
Autorzy:
Grzywiński, W.
Tomczak, A.
Jelonek, T.
Burzyńska-Jędrzejczak, G.
Naskrent, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/985711.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
stanowisko lesniczego
stanowisko podlesniczego
czas pracy
struktura czasu pracy
struktura roczna czasu pracy
rzeczywisty czas pracy
activity structure
worktime
overtime
forester
deputy forester
Opis:
The aim of the study was to recognize the annual worktime structure and the actual number of working hours at the forester and deputy forester workstations in the State Forests. The research was carried out on the sample group of 462 workers in all regional directorates of the State Forests in 62 forest districts and 242 forest ranges. The study group consisted of 21 (4.5%) forest foresters from one−man forest districts (L1), 222 (48.1%) foresters and 219 deputy foresters (47.4%) from two−men forest ranges (L2 and PDL respectively). Altogether 17 groups of activities were distinguished. The workers were studied in spring, summer, autumn, and winter. Every time the research was conducted during one full week (Monday−Sunday). In case of two−men forest districts, both workers were studied simultaneously. The measurement of timework was carried out with the specially designed mobile application LP1 operating in Android system. The duration of particular activities at L1 and L2 workstations was similar. The office work constituted most of their worktime: 109.7 minutes (22.9%) for L1 and 111.5 min (23.3%) for L2. Transportation took 80.2 and 84.8 min (17.7 and 17.6%), whereas wood sale required 69.7 and 62.8 min (14.5 and 13.1%) for L1 and L2 work stations respectively. At PDL workstation passages took 84.7 min (17.6%), wood quality inspection and registration – 65.4 min (13.6%), and office work – 60 min (12.5%). The tasks comprising preparation, harvesting and sale of raw timber took 34.9% of L1 worktime, 32.5% in case of L2 and 41.6% for PDL’s worktime. All employees devoted the least of their worktime to tasks connected with fire precautions, nature conservation, and environmental education (tab. 1). The overrunning of normative worktime was recorded at all studied workstations. The mean daily worktime for PDL amounted to 8.17 hrs, whereas for L1 and L2 it was 8.47 and 8.52 hrs respectively. Except extra working hours during the working week, the overtime during the days−off was recorded too. Most of time spent on work in such situations was recorded for L1 (1.69 hrs on average per week), while the least (0.97 hrs) for L2 workstation.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2019, 163, 05; 355-364
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 17

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