Informacja

Drogi użytkowniku, aplikacja do prawidłowego działania wymaga obsługi JavaScript. Proszę włącz obsługę JavaScript w Twojej przeglądarce.

Wyszukujesz frazę "Grabarczyk, Tadeusz" wg kryterium: Autor


Tytuł:
„Suchą stopą” czy „skacząc w fale”. Przekraczanie rzek przez wojska polskie od XI do początku XVI wieku
„On dry feet” or „jumping into the waves”. Crossing of the rivers by the Polish army from the 11th to the beginning of the 16th century
Autorzy:
Grabarczyk, Tadeusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/688681.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
wojna
średniowiecze
taktyka
mosty pływające
przeprawy
Polska
war
Middle Ages
tactics
floating bridges
river crossing
Polska
Opis:
The primary way of crossing the river was to do it through a ford. A number of information about such crossings comes from the years of the Polish-German wars (1003–1018). The both armies that had been fighting at that time several times crossed the Oder and the Elbe, whose width reached 100 m. The widest river crossed by the Polish troops was Dniester, which was 150 m wide. Only a few notices mention crossings of frozen rivers. Polish knights took part in campaigns against Ottoman Empire in 1396 and 1444, when they were transported on ships across the Danube. Floating bridges that had been placed on the lower reaches of the Vistula became a permanent element wars between Kingdom of Poland and Teutonic Order in 15th century. First mentions of a floating bridge were made in 1410. Then, during the war against the Teutonic Order, three were built: over the Vistula under Czerwińsk and under Przypust and over Narew river under Pułtusk. Since then floating bridges have been regularly used during the war against the Order. They were built over the Vistula: in 1414 under Zakroczym, in1419 and 1422 again under Czerwińsk, in 1454 under Toruń and in 1455 under Grudziądz. During Polish campaign to Moldavia in 1497 the king John I Albert ordered to put the bridge over the Dniester near Halych. However, finally he changed his plans and did not use the bridge. Two bridges floating on the barrels were built during the night on the 7th to 8th of September 1514. They were used by Lithuanian and Polish army, which crushed the army of the Grand Duchy of Moscow in the battle at Orsha (now in Belarus). The army was forced to use bridges to cross big rivers because of the large number of carts and artillery accompanying the army. In the 15th and at the beginning of the 16th century the army of the Kingdom of Poland with no major problems crossed the Vistula, which width could exceed even 500 m, with the use of floating bridges.
Najczęstszym sposobem przekraczania rzeki było przechodzenie jej w bród. Wiele informacji o takich przeprawach pochodzi z lat wojny polsko-niemieckiej (1003–1018). Obie walczące wówczas armie kilkukrotnie przekraczały Odrę i Łabę, których szerokość sięgała 100 m. Największą rzeką pokonaną przez polskie wojska w bród był Dniestr, który miał szerokość 150 m. Nieliczne wzmianki dotyczą przepraw przez rzeki zamarznięte. Mosty pływające, które zostały umieszczone na dolnych odcinkach Wisły, stały się trwałym elementem wojen polsko-krzyżackich w XV w. Pierwsze wzmianki o takich mostach w Polsce pochodzą z 1410 r. Wtedy podczas wojny przeciwko zakonowi krzyżackiemu wybudowano je trzy: na Wiśle pod Czerwińskiem i pod Przypustem oraz na Narwi pod Pułtuskiem. Od tego czasu pływające mosty były regularnie używane podczas wojny przeciwko Zakonowi. Zbudowano je na Wiśle: w 1414 r. pod Zakroczymiem, w 1419 i 1422 r. ponownie pod Czerwińskem, w 1454 r. pod Toruniem i w 1455 r. pod Grudziądzem. Podczas polskiej kampanii do Mołdawii w 1497 r. król Jan Olbracht nakazał postawić most nad Dniestrem koło Halicza. Jednak ostatecznie zmienił swoje plany i z niego nie skorzystał. Dwa mosty pływające, oparte na beczkach, zbudowano w nocy w dniach 7–8 września 1514 r. Były one użyte przez wojska litewskie i polskie, które w bitwie pod Orszą rozbiły armię Wielkiego Księstwa Moskiewskiego. Głównym powodem, dla którego armie zostały zmuszone do przekraczania mostów na szerokich rzekach, była duża liczba wozów i artylerii zabieranych na wyprawę. W XV i na początku XVI w., wykorzystując pływające mosty, armia Królestwa Polskiego bez większych problemów była w stanie przeprawić się przez Wisłę, nawet jeśli szerokość przekraczała 500 m.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica; 2017, 99; 83-109
0208-6050
2450-6990
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Alexander Treichel (1837–1901) – zapomniany etnograf z pogranicza Kaszub i Kociewia
Alexander Treichel (1837–1901) – a forgotten ethnographer of the borderland of Kashubia and Kociewie
Autorzy:
Grabarczyk, Tadeusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1042697.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Alexander Treichel
folklor
etnografia Kaszub
kwadrat magiczny SATOR-ROTAS
Kaszuby
Wilcze Błota
Opis:
Alexander Treichel was mostly known as an amateur archaeologist. His truest passion was to portray customs of Pomerelian autochthons in 19th century. Having graduated from law and economic studies in Berlin, he decided to return to Pomerelia so as to inherit and run his parents manor in Wilcze Błota near Stara Kiszewa. Throughout the years, he was wandering around the villages around Kościerzyna, in which he wrote down pieces of the Pomerelian folklore sung and told by local housewives. He shared knowledge of local customs gained during these journeys at sessions of the Berlin Society for Anthropology and the Danzig Research Society. Fortunately, glass negatives depicting Treichel himself, as well as scenes of rural everyday life, including field works, preserved the whirlwind of history. Unfortunately, however, his scientific output remains to await discovery.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Wiejskie; 2016, 22
1506-6541
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Wiejskie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Armia króla Władysława Jagiełły w drodze pod Grunwald
Autorzy:
Grabarczyk, Tadeusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/436771.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny im. Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie
Tematy:
późne średniowiecze
Grunwald
Zakon Krzyżacki
Opis:
For years, the route followed by the Polish-Lithuanian army on its way to Grunwald in 1410 has been arousing controversy as the sources do not allow for its clear-cut determination.From the moment when Jagiello’s army crossed the Vistula river at Czerwińsk (3rd July) until it reached the fields of Grunwald only some of its halting-places are known. The passagefrom Dąbrówno to the battlefield covered on the 15th of July is given special attention in the historians’ discussion. S. Ekdahl claims that the Polish-Lithuanian army pitched a camp tothe north of Dąbrówno and stormed the town from that direction. Other historians incline towards the opinion that the army’s camp was situated to the south of Dabrówno, near the village Kalbornia. As a consequence they assume that the town was also attacked from the south. A few routes of the march from Dąbrówno to the site where the battle was supposed to take place were suggested in the present literature. According to S. Ekdahl, Jagiello’s army moved from the camp situated to the north of Dąbrówno to the east through Samin to stop near Grunwald. In the newest monograph of the 1409-1411 war it was stated that Jagiello’s army got to Grunwald by a route running through previously captured Dąbrówno and later on through Samin to Grunwald Jagiello’s army, after breaking up its camp at Kolbornia, moved east to turn north after a few kilometres and continue its march through Osiekowo, Łodgowo. A. Nadolski did not agree with those assumptions as he believed that from the camp in Dąbrówno the army headed for Turowo and then marched north towards Mielno circumventing the Ulnowo Lake from the east. The author of the article propounds a hypothesis that Jagiello’s army could act both to the north and south of Dąbrówno where the main camp of the Polish-Lithuanian forces was situated. He also considers that the conception of S. Kuczyński criticised by A. Nadolski and S. Ekdahl concerning the final phase of the march should still be taken into consideration as very probable. The author believes that there was no serious discussion on the Grunwald campaign during the last twenty years in Poland. Both the last monograph of the 1409–1411war and this article show that a new view on that topic is still possible.
Źródło:
Res Gestae. Czasopismo Historyczne; 2011, 11; 7-25
2450-4475
Pojawia się w:
Res Gestae. Czasopismo Historyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Badania archeologiczne w Hiszpanii
Autorzy:
Grabarczyk, Tadeusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/682082.pdf
Data publikacji:
1995
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica; 1996, 19
0208-6034
2449-8300
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Broń strzelcza piechoty zaciężnej w latach 1471-1500
Crossbows and bows of Polish mercenary infantry in the end of XV с.
Autorzy:
Grabarczyk, Tadeusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/18029940.pdf
Data publikacji:
2000
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Opis:
Registers of the mercenary infantry give many information about types of weapon and its quality. In Warsaw archive we have rolls from 1471, 1477 and 1496-1500 with information about 7000 mercenaries. In rolls we meet different descriptions of quality of crossbows like: good, bed, new, old, used, repaired. We can clasify about 47% of crossbows as bed, basing on the sources from 1471 and 1477, which contain all these terms. In 1496 we have 14%, and in 1498 - 22% bad or old crossbows. Registers give also information about different types of crossbows used by soldiers. They had crossbows with two kinds of bow - horn or steel. Only two from 597 mercenaries had this last type in 1496, similary in 1498, 9 from 725 crossbowmen possesed steel bows. Soldiers used three types of bend mechanism. The oldest one hed the bow-string stretched by hook fastened to soldier’s belt. This type is named kryg in Polish sources. Second kind of belt mechanism is goat’s foot called hewar in medieval Poland (from word „lewar” - lever). Drawing mechanism, which we know as cranequin or windelass appeared in sources as klyky (from Czech word klika - crank) and this is the third kind of mechanism. All these three different kinds of drawing mechanism could be used by soldiers of the one troop at the same time. Second typ of shooting weapon was bow. This kind of arms was unpopular among mercenaries in end of XV c. Only two soldiers used bows. First bow we meet in 1498 (it is 1 from 725 shooters). Second men with bow appeared in 1500 (rolls from this year mention 1 bowmen among 72 crossbowmen).
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica; 2000, 67; 147-161
0208-6050
2450-6990
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Domniemany krąg kamienny w Pruszczu, gm. Gostycyn
The Presumed Stone Circle in Pruszcz, Gostycyn Commune
Autorzy:
Andrzejewski, Aleksander
Tadeusz, Grabarczyk
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/967079.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
kręg kamienny w Pruszczu
Opis:
In 2007 the Conservation Office in Bydgoszcz commissioned archaeological research on a presumed stone circle in Pruszcz, Gostycyn Commune. This object had been capturing a great deal of interest among explorers for a long time. Preliminary examination of the construction revealed that it was an archeological object that was similar to some well known ones from the cemetery of the Wielbark culture in Odry. The features that provoked such an assumption were: similar shapes of peripheral stones, similar dimensions of the circle diameter as well as, what was discovered after exposing peripheral stones, there were some small erratic stones in their bedrock. We would also like to interpret a few erratic stones lying between the circle and the mound as highly possible marking of graves from the flat area of a potential cemetery. However, doubts started to emerge when it turned out that the peripheral stones were not connected with a wreath usually running around the circle and that there were no old lichens on the stones. In the light of our research it seems very likely that the genesis of the examined stone circle in Pruszcz is modern. The presumable builders could be either Karl Hans Konstantin von Königsmarck, the Tuchola district head or Jan Górski, the last owner of the Kamienicki land. The history of the circle seems extremely interesting and can be a significant example of the impact that archaeological discoveries have on modern architecture of landscape.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Wiejskie; 2014, 19; 335-342
1506-6541
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Wiejskie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Działalność archeologiczna Towarzystwa Naukowego w Toruniu w Borach Tucholskich do 1914
Archaeological activity of the Toruń Scientific Society in the Tuchola Forests till 1914
Autorzy:
Grabarczyk, Tadeusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/941751.pdf
Data publikacji:
1992
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Opis:
In the first years following its foundation in 1875, the Toruń Scientific Society was archaeologically very active within the Tuchola Forests. In this early period, particularly great services were rendered by Godfryd Ossowski who in 1876-1878 examined a number of cemeteries. Later, this activity was reduced though in the early 20th century a priest, Kazimierz Chmielecki, still showed certain interest in these problems. After World War I the Society virtually ceased to take interest in archaeology.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica; 1992, 16
0208-6034
2449-8300
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Funkcje obozu armii jagiellońskiej w XV wieku
Function of the Jagiellonian army war camp in the 15th century
Autorzy:
Grabarczyk, Tadeusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/688300.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
obóz wojenny
fortyfikacje
XV wiek
sztuka wojenna
średniowiecze
Polska
war camp
fortifications
15th century
Middle Ages
art of war
Polska
Opis:
One of the basic functions of the war camp was to enable the army to rest during the campaign. For this purpose, a suitable place for a stop was necessary. It must have been above the water, in a place full of firewood and horse feed. It happened that the camp was set up in a place where there was a shortage of water, or it was contaminated, then it was immediately transferred to another place. Another important function of the war camp was to ensure the security of the army in it. Because of it, the camp was sought to be located in naturally defensive places: bends, lakes, hills, etc. During the expedition, even when stopping for a short layover, the camp was surrounded by carts that formed a kind of wall. When there was a threat of attack on the camp, it was additionally surrounded by a ditch or palisade. When the army was staying longer in one place, for example, during a siege, camp’s defences were significantly strengthened by raising ramparts and building wooden towers. For example, a camp of Polish forces near Košice (now in Slovakia) in 1491 in which 12 such towers were built. The article contains information about the battles for camps. The descriptions in the sources usually refer to the attack, which is the last phase of the battle, for example after the battles at Grunwald 1410, Grotniki 1439, Varna 1444, Chojnice (Konitz) 1454, Świecino (Schwetzin) 1462. After breaking the army in the field, the victorious army attacks the camp of the defeated opponent. In such situations, the fortified camp did not happen to be defended. The camps, which were located in hard-to-reach places, and were reinforced with ramparts and towers, were difficult to obtain. To take control of them, a regular siege had to be carried out. In 1473, the army of Hungarian King Mathias Corvinus stormed the Polish camps on Upper Hungary. Eventually he managed to get one after his fortifications were destroyed by artillery fire. The second Polish camp, however, was obtained by bribing the Polish officer commanding his defense. Only once sources mention the use of carts to cover the army in motion. It was on Silesia near Wrocław (Breslau) in 1474 during the Polish and Czech war with Hungary. We have no many evidence of using special combat vehicles, of the kind used by the Hussite army, in Poland in the 15th century. In the sources, there are only sporadically: currus fossati, meaning war wagons. Polish chronicler Jan Długosz recalls that in one of the battles in Prussia in 1457 Polish mercenaries used the car delivered to them by peasants from nearby villages. Hidden behind them, they repulsed the attack of the Teutonic forces and were victorious. Many specialists from the Bohemia were sometimes involved in managing the camp and setting up camps in the Polish army. Nevertheless, the use of Czech tactics of using wagons was not quite possible, probably due to the different composition of the Polish army, the main part of which was the knight’s cavalry.
W artykule omówiono podstawowe funkcje obozu wojskowego armii jagiellońskiej w XV w. Zasadniczą rolą obozu było zapewnienie uczestnikom wyprawy możliwości odpoczynku. W związku z tym przywiązywano wagę do doboru miejsca postoju, które powinno obfitować w wodę, drewno na opał i paszę dla koni. Obóz powinien zapewnić wojsku bezpieczeństwo, w związku z czym stosowano różne sposoby obwarowania taboru. W artykule przytoczono przykłady walk o obozy, zarówno te należące do wojsk polskich, jak i te przez nie atakowane. Autor porusza również kwestie wykorzystania wozów nie tylko podczas postoju wojska, lecz także do osłony oddziałów będących w ruchu. Poruszony został również problem inkorporacji czeskich doświadczeń wykorzystania taboru w działaniach wojennych przez armię Królestwa Polskiego.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica; 2018, 101; 53-68
0208-6050
2450-6990
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Oblicza wojny. T. 2, Armia kontra natura
Armia kontra natura
Współwytwórcy:
Grabarczyk, Tadeusz (1966- ). Redakcja
Pogońska-Pol, Magdalena. Redakcja
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego. Wydawca
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Łódź : Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Działania w warunkach szczególnych
Kampania wojenna
Pogoda
Pory roku
Sztuka wojenna
Środowisko przyrodnicze
Woda
Wojna
Wojsko
Materiały konferencyjne
Praca zbiorowa
Opis:
Materiały z konferencji naukowej, 6-7 czerwca 2019 r., Łódź.
Bibliografie, netografie przy referatach.
Dostawca treści:
Bibliografia CBW
Książka
Tytuł:
Obronna rezydencja biskupów włocławskich w Subkowach na Pomorzu
Wehrresidenz der Włocławek — Bischöfe in Subkowy in Pommern
Autorzy:
Barnycz-Gupieniec, Romana
Grabarczyk, Tadeusz
Kajzer, Leszek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/941874.pdf
Data publikacji:
1985
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica; 1985, 7
0208-6034
2449-8300
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Osadnictwo pradziejowe Wysoczyzny świeckiej
Prehistoric Settlement in the świecie Upland
Autorzy:
Grabarczyk, Tadeusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/941935.pdf
Data publikacji:
1994
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Opis:
The actual state of research on this mezoregion is presented and special attention paid to the reconstruction of the natural environment by means of paleobotanical methods. The earliest traces of human occupation date there from the close of the Middle Stone Age (Mesolithic), followed by absence of any occupation. Next settlements did not occur until the Bronze Age. The settlement of the Pomeranian culture is the best recognized (32 cemeteries). Archaeological finds as well as the evidence of pollen diagrams suggest that econological conditions during the Bronze Age were particularly favourable for stock breeding and less for farming. In the Roman period the two ways of procuring food became equal in proportion. The area of the Świecie Upland was „retarded” in cultural development since certain prehistoric cultures, notably the Chojnice-Pieńki and perhaps also the Pomeranian culture could have survived there longer than it is generally accepted. Due to inadequate penetration of the mezoregion in question, the picture of prehistoric community is, however, far from being full.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica; 1994, 18
0208-6034
2449-8300
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Osadnictwo pradziejowe wyspy czerskiej
Primaeval Settlement of Czersk Island
Autorzy:
Grabarczyk, Tadeusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/941953.pdf
Data publikacji:
1992
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Opis:
Primaeval settlement in the area of Czersk in the northern part of Tuchola Forests began in mesolythic period. Traces of neolitic cultures are scare as for example the biggest of them the culture of funnel-shaped caps. Also Lusatian culture is very sporadic and only Pomeranian culture is rich represented especially by box graves. Directly after the Pomeranian culture the Wielbark culture appeared the classical representative of which is the cemetery with stone circles in Odry. This is the last of the primaeval cultures of this region. It is stressed that the settlement and the type of husbandry were very much dependent on the difficult ecological conditions specially in this region.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica; 1992, 17
0208-6034
2449-8300
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

Ta witryna wykorzystuje pliki cookies do przechowywania informacji na Twoim komputerze. Pliki cookies stosujemy w celu świadczenia usług na najwyższym poziomie, w tym w sposób dostosowany do indywidualnych potrzeb. Korzystanie z witryny bez zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies oznacza, że będą one zamieszczane w Twoim komputerze. W każdym momencie możesz dokonać zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies