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Tytuł:
Студенты, аспиранты и стажeры из Армении, Азербайджана и Грузии в Польше
Students, Doctoral Students and Probationers from Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia in Poland
Autorzy:
Gomółka, Krystyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/26850806.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Akademia Zamojska
Tematy:
students
doctoral students
Polska
Azerbaijan
Georgia
Armenia
studenci
doktoranci
Polska
Azerbejdżan
Gruzja
Opis:
Studenci, doktoranci i stażyści z Armenii, Azerbejdżanu i Gruzji rozpoczęli przyjazdy na studia i staże do Polski na przełomie XX/XXI wieku. Powodem były przemiany polityczne w Polsce, dzięki którym dostęp do polskiego rynku edukacyjnego stał się łatwiejszy, a oferta przygotowana przez polskie uczelnie atrakcyjniejsza. Duże znaczenie w zwiększeniu przyjazdów cudzoziemców do Polski miały nowe programy stypendialne stworzone na mocy bilateralnych umów rządowych, planów wykonawczych inicjatyw międzynarodowych, tj. Partnerstwo Wschodnie, oraz propozycji organizacji pozarządowych.
Students, doctoral students and trainees from Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia started arriving to study and for internships in Poland at the turn of the 20th and 21st century. The reason for that were the political changes in Poland, thanks to which the access to Polish education market has become easier, and the offer prepared by Polish universities more attractive. New scholarship programs, which were established under bilateral government contracts, implementation plans of international initiatives such as the Eastern Partnership and the proposals of NGOs, were crucial in boosting the arrivals of foreigners to Poland.
Źródło:
Facta Simonidis; 2014, 7, 1; 181-193
1899-3109
Pojawia się w:
Facta Simonidis
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Временные иммигранты из Украины во время членства Польши в ЕС
Autorzy:
Gomółka, Krystyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/647914.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
immigrants, Ukraine, definite time period, students, workers
иммигранты, Украина, временное проживание, студенты, работники
Opis:
The aim of the study is to determine the number of immigrants from Ukraine who came to Poland for a defiite time period in the years 2004–2017, as well as the occupations in which they engaged. The research hypothesis of the study is that the more job offers in Poland, the more Ukrainians came to Poland. It was verified by the following research questions: Which documents enable Ukrainian immigrants to come for a defiite period of time?; How many Ukrainians arrived legally in Poland in the years 2004–2017? What occupations were undertaken by the citizens of Ukraine staying in Poland for a definite period?; On what principles did they undertake employment in Poland?; What are the jobs that the Ukrainians are most likely to occupy? Analysis of the data revealed that the number of Ukrainian citizens coming to Poland for a defiite period of time in 2004–2016 was increasing. More than one third were students entering education at Polish universities. A majority of the citizens of Ukraine who came to Poland did so in search of work. A signifiant part of them had previously obtained work permits. The number of companies wishing to employ Ukrainians was increasing every year. Ukrainian citizens were usually employed as skilled workers or in elementary occupations. Those holding managerial or executive posts were in the minority. Only few Ukrainians practised the profession of a lawyer, nurse or midwife. The statistics provided by the Provincial Labour Offie in Warsaw confim the fact of Ukrainians taking up legal employment in agriculture, processing industry, construction, transport, warehousing and services. Almost half of the Ukrainians were employed under specific work contracts, far fewer under contracts for services, and only ten percent had a contract of employment. The second group of workers from Ukraine consisted of persons doing illicit work. Polish employers frequently hired Ukrainians without reporting it to the relevant institutions, because this way they did not have to cover social insurance costs, and the penalties for such practice are relatively low. A specific group of workers were students from Ukraine. More than half of them were working, chiefly as casual employees.
Целью статьи являлсяподсчёт количества иммигрантов, которые прибыли в Польшуиз Украины на временное проживаниев 2004–2017 г.г., а также предоставление характеристикиих занятости. Исследовательская гипотеза статьи (чем больше было возможностей найту работув Польше, тем больше украинцев приезжало в эту страну) была проверена посредством нахождения ответов на следующие вопросы: на каких юридических основах граждане Украины могли приезжать в Польшу на временное проживание; сколько украинцев приехало в Польшу легально за период 2004–2017 г.г. на временное проживание; чем они занимались в Польшe; на каких условиях и какого типа работу выполняли чаще всегограждане Украиныв Польше; кем работали чаще всего украинские студенты в Польше? В ходе анализа материалов было определено, что количество приезжающих в Польшу на временное проживание граждан Украиныв 2004–2016 г.г. постоянно увеличивалось. Более чем 1/3 этой группы составляли студенты, начинающие обучение в польских вузах. Чаще всего граждане Украины приезжали в Польшу в поисках работы. Значительная их часть предварительно получила разрешение на работу. Количество предприятий, заинтересованных трудоустройством украинцев, с каждым годом росло. Граждане Украины чаще всего работали квалифицированными работникaмиили разнорабочими. Менее многочисленной была группаработниковна руководящих должностях и лиц, являющихся членами правления фирм. Небольшое количество украинцев работало в юридической и медицинской сфере. По статистикe Воеводского Управления Занятости в Варшаве подтверждается, что легально украинцы работали в областях: сельского хозяйства, в переробатывающей промышленности, в строительстве, в транспорте и прискладировании, а также в услугах. Почти половина украинцев работала на основании договора на конкретную работу, на многоменьше ихработало на основании договора-поручения, а только одна десятая часть – на основании трудового договора. Вторую группу работников из Украины составляли лица, работающие нелегально. Польские работодатели сравнительно часто трудоустраивали украинцев нелегально, поскольку в этом случае не платили высокой ставки обязательного социального страхования, а размер штрафа за нелегальное трудоустройство был сравнительно низкий. Специфической группой работающих лиц являлись студенты из Украины. Больше половины студентов выполняло разовую работуили подрабатывала.
Źródło:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio K – Politologia; 2018, 25, 2
1428-9512
2300-7567
Pojawia się w:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio K – Politologia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Youth civic participation from the perspective of Polish and Lithuanian institutions as illustrated by project South Baltic Youth Core Group Network
Partycypacja obywatelska młodzieży z perspektywy polskich i litewskich instytucji na przykładzie projektu South Baltic Youth Core Group Network
Autorzy:
Gomółka, Krystyna
Borucińska, Izabela
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/616544.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
youth
civic participation
Polska
Lithuania
SB YCGN project
młodzież
partycypacja obywatelska
Polska
Litwa
SB YCGN projekt
Opis:
Celem artykułu było ukazanie partycypacji obywatelskiej młodzieży w opinii pracowników instytucji działających na terenie 5 polskich gmin: Dzierzgoń, Elbląg, Gdynia, Iława i Nowe Miasto Lubawskie i litewskiej gminy Teslai. W ramach projektu SB YCGN przeprowadzono badanie metodą sondażu diagnostycznego z wykorzystaniem techniki ankiety internetowej na 118 respondentach z 53 polskich instytucji i 47 respondentach z 10 litewskich instytucji. Na podstawie wyników badań ilościowych potwierdzono hipotezę: podobieństwa w zakresie poziomu partycypacji obywatelskiej młodzieży, barier, potrzeb i efektywnych metod działania w badanych gminach z Polski i Litwy determinują potrzebę zacieśniania współpracy transgranicznej.
The aim of the paper was to show youth civic participation in the opinion of employees of institutions operating in 5 Polish municipalities: Dzierzgoń, Elbląg, Gdynia, Iława and Nowe Miasto Lubawskie and the Lithuanian municipality of Teslai. Within the SB YCGN project, a diagnostic survey was conducted using an online survey technique on 118 respondents from 53 Polish institutions and 47 respondents from 10 Lithuanian institutions.. Based on the results of quantitative research, the hypothesis was confirmed: similarities in the level of civic participation of young people, barriers, needs and effective methods of operation in the analysed communes from Poland and Lithuania determine the need to strengthen cross-border cooperation.
Źródło:
Przegląd Politologiczny; 2019, 4; 55-70
1426-8876
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Politologiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Współpraca Unii Europejskiej z Kazachstanem w zakresie dobrego rządzenia, demokracji, praw człowieka i wsparcia reform instytucjonalnych
Autorzy:
Gomółka, Krystyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/568247.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
The European Union
Kazakhstan
projects
governance
democracy
human rights
Казахстан
Европейский Союз
проекты
правильное управление
демократия
права человека
Opis:
The European Union supported Kazakhstan in carrying out political, economic and social reform twice. For the first time EU did so within the framework of the TACIS program in the years 1991–2006 when Kazakhstan has received $ 166 million mainly for the restructuring of state-owned enterprises, agriculture, infrastructure, energy, telecommunications, transport, environmental protection, administrative reform and health care and education. Again, the European Union has granted funds to Kazakhstan in the framework of the Strategy for Central Asia in 2007–2013. The main burden of support has been designed to prepare for institutional reforms for good governance and human rights protection. There were implemented 17 projects within four sectors: legal services and the judiciary; human rights, economic policy and development, strengthening civil society. In assessing the changes in some regions of the country reported good practices in the field of dialogue between local authorities and non-governmental organizations, increase the efficiency of public services and the transparency of budgetary expenditure. It was emphasized, however, that the authorities of Kazakhstan do not show understanding for the concept of good governance and democratization processes.
Евросоюз неоднократно содействовал Казахстану в проведении политиче- ских, экономических и общественных реформ. Впервые поддержка была реализована в рамках Программы TACIS в 1991–2006 гг., когда Казахстан получил 166 млн долларов с предназначением, главным образом, на реструк- туризацию государственных предприятий, сельское хозяйство, энергетиче- скую инфраструктуру, телефонные линии, транспортные средства, охрану окружающей среды, реформу администрации, здравоохранение, а также на образование и просвещение. Вновь Евросоюз предоставил финансо- вые средства Казахстану в рамках Стратегии содействия для Центральной Азии в 2007–2013 гг. Основное количество средств было предназначено на подготовку к проведению институциональных реформ в сфере правильно- го управления и соблюдения прав человека. Было реализовано 17 проектов в рамках четырёх секторов: юридических услуг и юстиции, прав человека, экономической политики и развития, укрепления гражданского общества. Согласно оценке проведенных перемен в некоторых регионах государства была отмечена правильная практика в сфере диалога местных властей с не- правительственными организациями, увеличение эффективности обще- ственных услуг публичных и открытости бюджетных расходов. Однако было подчеркнуто, что власти Казахстана не проявляют понимания для концеп- ции правильного управления и процессов демократизации.
Źródło:
Nowa Polityka Wschodnia; 2017, 4(15); 15-29
2084-3291
Pojawia się w:
Nowa Polityka Wschodnia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ukraine’s Energy Security in Strategies
Autorzy:
Gomółka, Krystyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/647844.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
strategy, energy security, Ukraine, mineral resources
Opis:
During the independence period, the Ukrainian government has published two energy security strategies. The first strategy was adopted in 2006 and the second one in 2016. Both documents provided a similar definition of energy security. The aims of the first strategy, covering the period 2006–2030, were the restructuring of the fuel and energy complex using new technologies, increase of energy efficiency and ensuring market prices of energy generation and sale. The second strategy was much more extensive and envisaged the implementation of changes in three stages until 2035. The changes proposed in the document are reasonable from the point of view of Ukraine’s energy security. The strategy does not take an explicit position on decarbonisation, although it provides for the modernisation of power plants and closure of unprofitable mines. Some of the goals of the Ukrainian energy sector were only roughly outlined and therefore need elaboration and clear indication of how they would be achieved. The aim of this article is to analyse the reforms and measures provided for in Ukraine’s strategies designed to ensure the country’s energy security. The research hypothesis is as follows: The reforms envisaged in the strategies can effectively contribute to ensuring the state’s energy security. To test this hypothesis, the author formulated the following research questions: 1. How did the two energy strategies define security?; 2. Which elements of energy policy were considered to be the most important in the first strategy document?; 3. What energy security components are listed in the second strategy document?; 4. Were the measures specified in the first and second strategies capable of ensuring the energy security of Ukraine? The applied research methods were the following: literature research, comparison method and content analysis.
Źródło:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio K – Politologia; 2019, 26, 2
1428-9512
2300-7567
Pojawia się w:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio K – Politologia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Threats to Armenia’s Security in the National Strategy and Practice with Special Emphasis on External Security
Autorzy:
Gomółka, Krystyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/594791.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Armenia;
Caucasus;
Nagorno-Karabakh;
NATO;
European Neighbourhood Policy
Opis:
The national security strategy adopted in 2007 provided a detailed definition of security and identified its threats. The key threat to the Armenian state was considered to be the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. The document indicated the Collective Security Treaty Organisation main guarantor of security, with Russia being Armenia’s main partner in bilateral relations. The second position in the strategy was assigned to cooperation with the NATO and the OSCE. One of the priorities identified was to intensify the economic and trade connections with the European Union and participation in the European Neighbourhood Policy as a step towards integration with European structures. As to bilateral relations, the most significant were Armenia’s contacts with Georgia and Iran. If we compare the assumptions of the strategy with the policy pursued by Armenia after 2007, it is clear that the measures taken are in line with the provisions of the document. By the end of 2016, the most serious threat to Armenia – the Nagorno-Karabakh issue – remained unresolved. Russia reinforced its position as Armenia’s strategic ally. The talks conducted between Armenia and the NATO are of little significance in view of the obligations assumed by Armenia. The same goes for the talks with the European Union after Armenia’s withdrawal from signing the association agreement, accession to the Eurasian Economic Union on 01 January 2015 and signing bilateral agreements with the Russian Federation.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2017, 1 (46); 74-90
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Self-employment of Women in Azerbaijan
Autorzy:
Gomółka, Krystyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1633673.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-07
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Centrum Europejskie
Tematy:
Azerbaijan
Women
Wages
Self-employment
State Aid
Opis:
Azerbaijan has a population of more than 10 million, of which women accounted for 50% in 2020. At the same time, 93% of Azerbaijan's citizens describe themselves as Muslims. Since the beginning of independence, Azerbaijan has been a secular state by virtue of Article 48 of the Constitution, which guarantees the freedom of worship, choice, or nonpractice of religion and the freedom of expression of one's own views on religion. This article aims to assess the changes in the self-employment of women in Azerbaijan through a deductive analysis of data and observation of changes in the structure of resources based on generally available macroeconomic data. This study focuses on the situation of women on the Azerbaijani labour market over the two decades of the 21st century. The numbers of economically active women, including those in employment and the unemployed, and economically inactive women are specified. Further, the government's legal and financial policy in respect of women's self-employment is analysed. The author determines what percentage of companies were set up by women and in which sectors and locations.
Źródło:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs; 2021, 25, 2; 171-190
1428-149X
2719-3780
Pojawia się w:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Russian Federation in European Union Programmes
Autorzy:
Gomółka, Krystyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/647523.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
Russian Federation
European Union
TACIS
European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument
European Union Programmes
Opis:
Since the early 1990s, the European Union has been supporting socio-economic transformations in the former Soviet Union states, including the Russian Federation. Initially, this assistance was provided in the framework of the TACIS Programme, offering long-term, non-repayable aid. In 1991–2006 Russia received EUR 2.7bn for the restructuring of the state enterprise sector, establishment of private companies, state administration reform, telecommunications, nuclear safety and security and environmental protection. Despite severe criticism directed at the implemented programme, emphasising its unclear objectives, lack of awareness of the conditions in which the projects were executed, prolonged completion periods for some projects and lack of evaluation, the European Union continued its financial assistance to Russia since 2007 as part of the European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument. The funds available for the programme were earmarked to support political, economic and social reforms, and regional and local development through programmes implemented in two time perspectives: 2007–2013 and 2014–2020. Evaluation of the programmes implemented in 2007–2013 revealed numerous shortcomings in project execution. For example, projects implemented as part of the Arctic Circle-Russia Programme were criticised for weak objectives and only partial completion of some undertakings. Another programme – Karelia–Russia failed to create a joint vision of the region and develop joint investment plans.  The issues indicated as barriers to cooperation between the Russian Federation and Finland included: complicated administrative procedures in Russia and poor command of the English language on the Russian side. No evaluation report was prepared on completion of the South-East Finland–Russia Programme and Lithuania–Poland–Russia Programme. Furthermore, the objectives of the Estonia–Latvia–Russia Programme were not accomplished.  Nevertheless, the European Union decided to continue the assistance to the Russian Federation in 2014–2020 as part of the following programmes: Arctic Circle–Russia, Karelia–Russia and South-East Finland–Russia and to launch four new programmes: Estonia–Russia, Latvia–Russia, Poland–Russia and Lithuania–Russia.
Źródło:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio K – Politologia; 2017, 24, 1
1428-9512
2300-7567
Pojawia się w:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio K – Politologia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The migration policy of Armenia
Autorzy:
Gomólka, Krystyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/616770.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
emigration
Armenia
policy
occupational groups
Russian Federation
CIS
Opis:
The aim of this study is to describe the legal bases of the migration policy of Armenia and its practical implementation in 1995–2013. The author examined the international and national documents that provide the legal bases of Armenia’s migration policy, as well as the balance between departures and arrivals in the period 1995–2013, Armenian citizens’ reasons for emigrating and the occupations of emigrants. The study was based on the following research methods: content, system and quantitative analysis. The results of the analyses performed indicate that the objectives of Armenia’s migration policy were not completely fulfilled. Between 1995 and 2013, the number of emigrants declined, but Armenia’s overall migration balance was negative. The majority of those leaving the country went to Russia, followed by the other states of the CIS.
Źródło:
Przegląd Politologiczny; 2018, 3; 57-70
1426-8876
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Politologiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Business Environment of Georgia and Ukraine: Approaches to a Comparative Analysis
Autorzy:
Gomółka, Krystyna
Kurmaiev, Petro
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2035688.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-04-29
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Centrum Europejskie
Tematy:
Business Environment
Entrepreneurship
Democratisation
Market Factors
Infation
Macroeconomic Indicators
Opis:
The formation of a favourable business environment and the intensification of entrepreneurial activity on this basis is one of the priorities of economic policy of governments around the world. The aim of this article is to conduct a comparative analysis of some of the characteristics of the business environment of Georgia and Ukraine. The theoretical basis of the study is the understanding of the business environment as a necessary prerequisite for the implementation of entrepreneurial initiatives in a particular country. In the process of our research, the following methods were used: comparative analysis, generalisation, content analysis, correlation, and regression analysis. The authors studied the business environment of Georgia and Ukraine on the basis of an analysis of the following components; that of general economic, political and legal, financial, and fiscal. The results of the study show that Georgia's business environment is more favourable than Ukraine's. It is noted that between 2011-2020, Georgia made significant progress in the fight against corruption, in simplifying the procedures for starting a business, and bettering access to finance. Both countries are reforming their tax systems towards liberalisation and democratisation, and they declare the functioning of special tax regimes. According to the Paying Taxes indicator, which is calculated within the Doing Business rating, Georgia improved its result from 61st position in the ranking in 2011 to 14th position in 2020, while Ukraine improved its result from 181st place in 2011 to 65th place in 2020. It is indicated that between 2011-2020, Ukraine showed significant positive dynamics in inflation targeting. The authors note that the weakest elements of the business environment in Ukraine are its efforts to ensure the independence of the judiciary and the fight against corruption. In conclusion, the authors note that the policy of the governments of Georgia and Ukraine should be aimed at the further democratisation of relations with businesses in order to increase the level of a favourable business environment.
Źródło:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs; 2022, 26, 1; 119-134
1428-149X
2719-3780
Pojawia się w:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Students from Ukraine, Belarus and Moldova at Polish universities
Autorzy:
Gomółka, Krystyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/647703.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
students
Belarus
Moldova
Ukraine
scholarships
Opis:
Since the dissolution of the USSR, students from Ukraine, Belarus and Moldova have been able to study at Polish universities on the basis of bilateral agreements between the Polish government and the governments of the respective countries. The purpose of this article is to analyse the legal basis enabling the citizens of these three countries to obtain education in Poland, analyse the numbers of such students and the principles and procedures they followed to begin studies at Polish universities in 1993–2014. The research hypothesis is as follows: the range of scholarships offered has contributed to an increase in the number of students from Belarus, Ukraine and Moldova at Polish universities. The following research methods were used in this study: analysis of source materials, comparative analysis and statistical data analysis. Analysis of data for the relevant period demonstrated a systematic year-to-year increase in the number of citizens of these three countries arriving to study in Poland. The largest group of students arrived from Ukraine and the smallest – from Moldova. In 1997, the largest share of students of Polish descent was among the students from Belarus, and in 2013 – among the students from Ukraine. The number of government scholarships for Belarusian, Ukrainian and Moldavian students increased, particularly after the launch of the Eastern Partnership. Initially, the greatest number of scholarships were awarded to students from Ukraine, and as of the academic year 2006/2007 – to students from Belarus. Moldavian students received the fewest scholarships. Initially, students from Belarus, Ukraine and Moldova did not undertake paid-for studies. This situation changed after Poland’s inclusion in the EU structures. Starting from the academic year 2006/2007, the number of students undertaking paid-for studies increased systematically, particularly in the case of Ukrainian students. In the case of Belarus and Moldova, the number of scholarship holders and those studying free of charge was higher than the number of students paying for their education. However, the situation was different in the case of Ukrainian students. In 2000/2001, relatively few students undertook paid-for education. In the academic year 2013/2014, the situation reversed. Scholarship holders from Ukraine accounted for a small percentage of students, as did those studying free of charge. Students paying their tuition fees were a predominant group – 76.35% of the total number of university students from Ukraine. Availability of scholarships had a significant impact on the arrivals of Belarusian and Moldovian citizens, but did not contribute to an increase in the number of Ukrainian students.
Źródło:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio K – Politologia; 2015, 22, 1
1428-9512
2300-7567
Pojawia się w:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio K – Politologia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Stan badań nad losami mniejszości białoruskiej w II Rzeczypospolitej
Autorzy:
Gomółka, Krystyna.
Powiązania:
Kresy północno-wschodnie Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej : (stan badań) : materiały z sesji naukowej zorganizowanej przez Instytut Historii Filii UW w Białymstoku w październiku 1992 r. / pod red. Jana Jerzego Milewskiego Białystok, 1993
Współwytwórcy:
Milewski, Jan J. Redakcja
Kubiak, Barbara. Recenzja
Data publikacji:
1993
Tematy:
Mniejszości narodowe Polska 1918-1939 r. historiografia materiały konferencyjne recenzja
Opis:
Rec. : Nowe wydawnictwo Filii UW w Białymstoku / Barbara Kubiak
Dostawca treści:
Bibliografia CBW
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Russians on the Polish Labour Market
Autorzy:
Gomółka, Krystyna Ewa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/915702.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
russians
labour market
work permit
professions practised
national economy sectors
Opis:
The article looks into the employment of Russian citizens in Poland in 2004–2018. It presents the legal basis for Russians’ entering Poland and taking up work without having to seek a work permit, and specifies who must apply for such a permit. Russian citizens can obtain refugee status under the Geneva Convention, which grants them the right to move freely, choose their place of residence and undertake paid employment, while guaranteeing social security. On the basis of the Act on granting protection to aliens, citizens of the Russian Federation may obtain subsidiary protection if their return to their country of origin may expose them to a real risk of serious harm. A tolerated stay is granted to aliens where an alien might be expelled to a country in which their life, freedom and personal security would be jeopardised, where they could be subjected to torture, degrading treatment, humiliation, forced to work or deprived of the right to a fair trial. Training and employment can be undertaken in Poland under the bilateral agreements between Poland and Russia: the Treaty on friendly and good-neighbourly cooperation and the Cooperation Agreement in the fields of science, culture and education. In Poland, the entry and stay of foreign nationals is governed by the Act on aliens, their education by the Higher Education Act, whereas the employment of foreigners is regulated by the Act on employment promotion and labour market institutions. The empirical basis of the study was provided by the analysis of data from the Polish Ministry of Family, Labour and Social Policy and the Demographic Yearbook. Russians constitute the third largest group (after Ukrainians and Belarusians) of the post-Soviet States’ citizens coming to Poland. The analysis conducted showed that employment in Poland was chiefly sought by the citizens of the Russian Federation who arrived in Poland for a limited period and for permanent residence. In 2004, the Russians represented 4.4% and in 2018 – 0,66% of all foreigners who received work permits in Poland. Before 2015 some Russian nationals took up work in Poland as the managers of their own companies. Since 2015, there has been an influx of workers from Russia in three occupational groups: IT specialists, skilled workers and workers in elementary occupations. Most of the Russians were employed in the wholesale and retail, information and communication, construction, transport and warehousing sectors, which were the same sectors where Polish entrepreneurs reported demand for Russian workers. The demand significantly exceeded the number of Russians employed.
Źródło:
Review of European and Comparative Law; 2020, 43, 4; 139-162
2545-384X
Pojawia się w:
Review of European and Comparative Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Przeciwdziałanie nielegalnej emigracji na granicy polsko-rosyjskiej w dobie członkostwa Polski w Unii Europejskiej
Autorzy:
Gomółka, Krystyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/647773.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
illegal immigration, European Union, Polish-Russian border, Schengen Treaty
nielegalna imigracja, Unia Europejska, granica polsko-rosyjska, Traktat z Schengen
Opis:
Abstract: Counteracting the development of illegal immigration to the European Union countries serves European and national legal acts. The most important EU acts include the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, the program “Open and Safe Europe: the realization of the assumptions” and the Directive on combating illegal migration. The Polish legal acts include the Act on aliens, granting protection to foreigners within the territory of the Republic of Poland, the entry, stay and departure from Poland, the promotion of employment and the labor market, the consequences of entrusting work to aliens illegally staying in Poland, Border Guard Act. Illegal migrants could enter Poland through six border crossing points on the Polish-Russian border. Between 2004 and 2016, the number of detainees on the Union's external border increased and fell on the Polish-Russian border. The number of detainees at the external border of the European Union for crossing state borders contrary to regulations or attempted crossing remained at a stable level. It increased in 2008 after the entry into force of the Schengen Treaty and then in 2014, in connection with the migration from Ukraine at the beginning of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict. Analysis of the nationality of detainees on the Polish-Russian border showed that the detainees were mainly Russian and Chechen nationals. The number of people who were expelled from Poland by the Union’s external borders in the years 2004–2014 has fallen. From the Ukrainian-Russian crisis until the end of the period underreview, it grew due to the migration crisis. The number of persons transferred across the Polish-Russian border was small and in 2004, it amounted to 60 (it meant 1.1% of the total). At the Polish-Russian border in 2004–2016, few people were admitted to Poland, which means that the admission procedure had being carried out on the rest of the European Union’s external border.
Przeciwdziałaniu nielegalnej emigracji do państw Unii Europejskiej służą akty prawa unijnego i krajowego. Do najważniejszych unijnych aktów prawa należy zaliczyć: traktat o funkcjonowaniu Unii Europejskiej, program „Otwarta i bezpieczna Europa: realizacja założeń” oraz dyrektywy w sprawie przeciwdziałania nielegalnej migracji. Do polskich aktów prawnych należą ustawy: o cudzoziemcach, o udzielaniu cudzoziemcom ochrony na terytorium Rzeczypospolitej, o wjeździe, pobycie i wyjeździe z terytorium Polski, o promocji zatrudnienia i rynku pracy, o skutkach powierzania pracy cudzoziemcom nielegalnie przebywającym na terytorium Polski, ustawa o straży granicznej. Nielegalni migranci mogli wjechać do Polski przez sześć granicznych przejść osobowych na odcinku granicy polsko-rosyjskiej. W latach 2004–2016 liczba zatrzymanych na zewnętrznej granicy UE wzrosła, a spadła na odcinku granicy polsko-rosyjskiej. Liczba zatrzymanych na zewnętrznej granicy UE za przekroczenie granicy państwowej wbrew przepisom lub usiłowanie przekroczenia utrzymywała się na stałym poziomie. Wzrosła w 2008 r. po wejściu w życie traktatu z S chengen, a następnie w 2014 r. w związku z migracjami z Ukrainy na początku konfliktu rosyjsko-ukraińskiego. Analiza narodowości osób zatrzymanych na granicy polsko-rosyjskiej wykazała, iż zatrzymani to głównie obywatele rosyjskiej i czeczeńskiej narodowości. Liczba osób wydalonych z Polski przez zewnętrzną granicę UE w latach 2004–2014 spadła. Od kryzysu ukraińsko-rosyjskiego do końca badanego okresu wzrosła w związku z kryzysem migracyjnym. Liczba osób przekazanych przez granicę polsko-rosyjską była niewielka i w 2004 r. wyniosła 60, tj. 1,07% ogółu. Na granicy polsko-rosyjskiej w latach 2004–2016 w Polsce przyjęto nieliczne osoby, oznacza to iż, procedura przyjęć była realizowana na pozostałych częściach granicy zewnętrznej Unii Europejskiej.
Źródło:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio K – Politologia; 2017, 24, 2
1428-9512
2300-7567
Pojawia się w:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio K – Politologia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 29

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