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    Wyświetlanie 1-12 z 12
    Tytuł:
    Działalność gabinetu Leopolda Skulskiego w świetle protokołów posiedzeń Rady Ministrów (13 XII 1919 – 9 VI 1920) i rola rządu w okresie przygotowań do „wyprawy kijowskiej”
    Activities of the cabinet of Leopold Skulski on the basis of the minutes of the Council of Ministers’ Meetings (13th December 1919 – 9th June 1920) and the role of the government in the period of preparations for the Kiev offensive
    Autorzy:
    Goclon, Jacek
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/621226.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
    Tematy:
    Józef Piłsudski, wyprawa kijowska, polityka rolna, unifikacja waluty lokalnej, jednolita taryfa kolejowa
    Józef Piłsudski, Kiev campaign, agricultural policy, unification of local cur- rency; standard price tariff for railway connections
    Opis:
    The government of Leopold Skulski had been active under the pressure of war prepa- ration but was mainly occupied by internal issues. Foreign policy was under the control of the country’s leader, Marshal J. Piłsudski. The cabinet of Leopold Skulski had little roomfor maneuver, the expenses connected with the war campaign represented 60% of the country’s total budget. Even though war orders had a very positive influence on industrial and agricultural output growth, the bulk of that output had been absorbed by the army, which automatically created problems in the open market. Similarly, the country’s foreign trade balance was significantly overloaded by the burden of military expenditure with inflation providing a source of solid revenue income for covering war expenses. The Skulski government tried to stabilize the internal balance; on 1 April 1920 it unified the various state treasury and taxation systems and on 29 April, it unified the country’s five currencies into a single currency. On 1 June, a unified railway tariff covering the whole country was introduced. During the activity of this government, parliament had to agree an eight hour working day and a 46 hour working week for the workers, as well as providing them with a social security system.
    Źródło:
    Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica; 2014, 13, 1; 253-276
    1732-9132
    2719-9991
    Pojawia się w:
    Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Gabinety Królestwa Polskiego 1917–1918. Skład, funkcjonowanie i działalność
    The Governments of the Kingdom of Poland ( 1917–1918 ). Members and modes of functioning
    Autorzy:
    Goclon, Jacek
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/926137.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
    Tematy:
    rząd polski
    I wojna światowa
    Jan Kucharzewski
    Jan Steczkowski
    Józef Świeżyński
    Królestwo Polskie 1917–1918
    Polish government
    First World War
    Kingdom of Poland 1917–1918
    Opis:
    The process of restoration of the Kingdom of Poland was started by the Act of 5th November 1916, issued by the governments of Germany and Austria-Hungary (after pushing out the Russian army from Polish territory and establishing the Regency Council). The foundations of Polish state administration were laid by the Regency Council through establishing Polish governments with Prime Ministers. The competencies of the government were delineated by the Act of 3rd January 1918 “about the temporary organization of the head authorities in the Kingdom of Poland”. The act differentiated the executive power into the Prime Minister, the Council of Ministry and the Ministers themselves. The scope of Prime Minister’s duties was defined the Patent of 12th September 1917 and the act of 03th January 1918. Neither of the documents made it clear, however, what authority, and according to what procedure, should appoint the Prime Minister. The new government was approved by the Regency Council only as requested by the already appointed Prime Minister. For sure it highlighted the independency of the “Ministers’ President” from the rest of the government, whose work he supervised. During the time of the Regency Council five cabinets were established, including two provisional governments. Evaluating the cabinets, it should be highlighted that the cabinet of Jan Kucharzewski was the one which actively sought practical experience in managing the Council of Ministry, which later was used by their successors. Their other big achievement was preparation of a lot of projects of legal acts necessary for the development of the new Polish State. The cabinet of Jan Steczkowski continued this process, but after establishing the Council of State in June 1918 (whose role was overestimated) it slowed down in its work of overtaking the successive parts of country administration, and instead started establishing diplomatic offices, which turned out nothing but a faint attempt to show the illusory independency of the Kingdom of Poland. The cabinet of Józef Świeżyński struggled to demonstrate the independency of the Polish government in front of the German and Austrian governments, trying even to distance itself from the Regency Council. It is worth emphasizing the intense work of the provisional governments on taking over the state issues by Polish political subjects. Even though the possibilities of the first cabinets were very limited, they did establish the beginnings of Polish regular state administration and in this way educated the regular state administration officers for the future Polish State.
    Źródło:
    Krakowskie Studia z Historii Państwa i Prawa; 2013, 6, 2; 149-178
    2084-4115
    2084-4131
    Pojawia się w:
    Krakowskie Studia z Historii Państwa i Prawa
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Prezydium Rady Ministrów w latach 1918-1939. Struktura, zakres kompetencji i działalność projektodawcza. (Zarys problemu)
    Autorzy:
    Goclon, Jacek
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/916344.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018-10-31
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Źródło:
    Czasopismo Prawno-Historyczne; 2012, 64, 2; 371-390
    0070-2471
    Pojawia się w:
    Czasopismo Prawno-Historyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Proces tworzenia struktur państwowych na ziemiach II i III zaboru pruskiego przez polskie czynniki polityczne w latach 1806-1807
    Setting Up the Structures of the Future Polish State on the Territory of Second and Third Prussian Partition 1806-1807
    Autorzy:
    Goclon, Jacek
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/18104480.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2005
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Opis:
    The years 1806-1807 were times of change in the history of the Polish nation. Military campaigns, that took place on the Polish ground were of much importance for the fortunes of Polish statehood. In 1806 Napoleon’s military forces entered central Europe and shortly afterwards destroyed the whole political establishment from 1795. Eleven years after the fall of the Commonwealth the issue of Polish independence known as "The Polish Question” remained very much alive. The Great Army was considerably weak and far away from the borders of France. Moreover, The Great Army needed to have newly occupied territories under its rule and to maintain Paris’ hegemony in these regions of Europe, and to strengthen it using Polish armed forces. The approval of the Polish society was one of the most important factor that was responsible for the negotiations concerning the rebirth of the Polish independent State. In the Polish social common consciousness there is an opinion that the rebirth of Polish statehood created by Napoleon in the shape of the Duchy of Warsaw was started on 22 July 1807. On that day the creation of a new state was proclaimed. Nevertheless, the date of the creation of the new slate is quite debatable. In June 1807 the founding stone of the nation was the creation of the structures of the Polish state. The breakthrough was in the autumn of 1806 when, during his victorious war campaign, Bonaparte defeated the Prussian Army, and on 27 October he entered Berlin. Then it was agreed upon that the rebirth of the Polish state was possible with the help of the powerful Napoleonic France. The pro-French attitude of Polish society was the result of its experience with the Russians’ and the Prussians’ solutions for "the Polish Question” that brought only disappointment. It is to be noted that in the contemporary history of Europe the changes made during the dictatorship rule of Napoleon were visible in a broader scope. The triumphal march of the invincible Great Army led by ‘the God of war’ in the region of Central and Eastern Europe was the fact that made Poles believe in regaining of Poland’s independence. Towering genius of Corsican conquered entirely Europe. People admired him and praised him as saviour of the patria and this opinion is undoubtedly true. It is worth highlighting the fact that with the fall of the Commonwealth the Polish administration was almost completely destroyed and after 12 years of state’s non-existence there was a beginning of reconstruction the Polish administration’s structure on the basis of the remnants of the Prussian administration. National institutions introduced in the period of the Governing Commission (brought into being by Napoleon on 14 January 1807 and functioning as the chief governing body and having executive rights) became one of the essential elements in creating the Duchy of Warsaw. There were some changes after the introduction of the constitution of the Duchy of Warsaw, whose purpose was to modify the structures that had been previously created in the years of the Commission (dissolved on 5 October 1807). Since then the state structure which had been created survived not only the times of the Duchy of Warsaw but also to some extent functioned till the years of the Polish Kingdom, namely between 1815-1831. The modification of ‘Poland invaded by the Prussian king’ (as the area under the power of the Commission was commonly called till July 1807) into the Duchy of Warsaw enabled Poles to maintain their national feeling with its own parliament, army, judiciary system, public administration, education and Polish as an official language throughout the life of two Polish generations.
    Źródło:
    Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica; 2005, 79; 41-56
    0208-6050
    2450-6990
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Rząd Jędrzeja Moraczewskiego 17 XI 1918-16 I 1919 r. (struktura, funkcjonowanie, dekrety)
    The govermant of Jędrzej Moraczewski, 17 November 1918 - 16 January 1919 (structure, activities, decrees)
    Die Regierung von Jędrzej Moraczewski in Zeitraum von 17. November 1918 bis 16. Januar 1919 (Die Struktur, das Handeln, die Dekrete)
    Le gouvemement de Jędrzej Moraczewski: 7 Novembre 1918 – 16 Janvier 1919 (structure, fonctionnement, décrets)
    Autorzy:
    Goclon, Jacek
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22864972.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Opis:
    Jędrzej Moraczewski's Cabinet was the first government to maintain control of such a significant part of Poland (the entire Kingdom of Poland together with western Galicia); however, from the very beginning it had to struggle with a truly dramatic economic situation in the Polish territory. In the middle of 1919 war damages were estimated to reach about 14 billion francs! The government began its activity in the times of growing social radicalism; yet, the process of the state structure formation proceeded efficiently, mainly due to the existing machinery of the former Regency Council. The cabinet successfully withstood the chaos, which had been spreading in the country in the first weeks of independence, as well as prevented Bolshevik revolution, for which Polish communists had been striving. This success resulted from a balanced policy of the government, which admitted to power neither the Right nor the communist Left, and which won the favour of the leftist electorate, i.e. working classes. At the same time the government assurred social rights and thus provided bearable living conditions (other factors - the fact of regaining independence, resulting in social enthusiasm along with the external threat, significantly strengthening the bond between the government and the nation, were greatly important). But not everyone in the society could appreciate the significance of the government's social reforms. Without doubt, it was caused by incomprehension of such far-reaching reforms in many circles, as well as by political and ideological animosities between different parties. This process was additionally intensified by district particularism. Also unfavourable attitude towards new authorities demonstrated by the western countries could have exerted negative influence on the government's picture in the eyes of the Polish society. The great western powers still considered the Polish National Committee, residing in Paris, as the Polish "government in exile". Nonetheless, by applying the accomplishec-facts strategy, the Cabinet of Moraczewski managed to implement revolutionary changes and efficiently avoided disturbances in the society. In comparison to the situation from the times of partitions this was one of the greatest achievements of his government.
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Nauk Historycznych; 2009, 8, 2; 99-138
    1644-857X
    2450-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Nauk Historycznych
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-12 z 12

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