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    Tytuł:
    Probabilistyczna metoda określenia masy substancji szkodliwych emitowanych przez silnik o zapłonie samoczynnym podczas jego rozruchu
    Probabilistic Method of the Determination of Harmfu Substance Mass Emitted by a Diesel Engine During Its Starting
    Autorzy:
    Girtler, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/359487.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2006
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Morska w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo AMSz
    Tematy:
    model
    EXPLO-SHIP 2006
    rozruch silnika
    silnik o zapłonie samoczynnym
    substancja szkodliwa
    start up of an engine
    diesel engine
    harmful substance
    Opis:
    Zaproponowano model procesu rozruchu silników o zapłonie samoczynnym, w formie procesu semimarkowskiego, dyskretnego w stanach i ciągłego w czasie eksploatacji. Stanami tego procesu są: stan zimny silnika (s1), stan ciepły silnika (s2) i stan gorący silnika (s3). Przedstawiono koncepcję zastosowania opracowanego modelu do określenia ilości substancji szkodliwych, jakie emitowane są w spalinach podczas rozruchu silnika.
    The paper proposes a model of diesel engine starting process as a semi-Markov process which is discrete in states and continuous during operation. The states of this process are: cold state of the engine (s1), warm state (s2) and hot state of the engine (s3). The concept of using such a model for the determination of the quantity of harmful substances emitted in exhaust gases during the start up of the engine has been presented.
    Źródło:
    Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie; 2006, 10 (82); 193-204
    1733-8670
    2392-0378
    Pojawia się w:
    Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Issue of changes in technical states of a Diesel engiene as the result of wear of its tribological systems
    Autorzy:
    Girtler, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/359783.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Morska w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo AMSz
    Tematy:
    load
    technical state
    diesel engine
    wear
    Opis:
    The paper shows a necessity to consider the processes of load on and wear of tribological systems in Diesel engines (and therefore the changes in their states) in real conditions as random processes. This means that mathematical models for these processes can be random functions with an argument which is time (t) and with values which are random variables such as loads and wear of particular tribological systems. The load properties for the tribological systems have been presented as the main causes of their failures. It has been signaled that a stochastic dependence should be expected between mechanical load and thermal load, whose the intensity (force) can be defined by Czuprow’s convergence coefficient. A proposal has been submitted to accept that the tribological system load in Diesel engines is a stationary process with asymptotically independent increments. The reasons for this proposal have been presented in the form of relevant hypotheses and an exemplary graph of changes in pressure and temperature in an engine cylinder under operation. Also it has been signaled that the models of wear processes in tribological systems may be stochastic processes with special properties called semi-Markov processes. The wear properties for these systems have been explained in the form of relevant hypotheses.
    Źródło:
    Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie; 2012, 31 (103); 77-82
    1733-8670
    2392-0378
    Pojawia się w:
    Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    A Model of Ship Propulsion Systems Operating Process
    Model procesu eksploatacji układu napędowego statku
    Autorzy:
    Girtler, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/360243.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2004
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Morska w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo AMSz
    Tematy:
    proces eksploatacji
    proces semimarkowski
    układ napędowy statku
    EXPLO-SHIP 2004
    operation process
    semi-Markov process
    ship propulsion system
    Opis:
    The paper contains a formal description of ship propulsion systems operation process. The model of the process is presented in the form of two-dimensional stochastic process of which coordinates are semi-Markov processes of the final states set. The former process describes the process of changes in technical states of ship propulsion systems, the latter - the process of changes in their operating states. A monovariate model of ship propulsion systems operation process has also been proposed.
    Podano opis formalny procesu eksploatacji układów napędowych statków. Model tego procesu przedstawiono w formie dwuwymiarowego procesu, którego współrzędnymi są procesy semi-Markowa o skończonych zbiorach stanów. Jeden z tych procesów jest procesem zmian stanów technicznych układów napędowych a drugi - procesem zmian ich stanów eksploatacyjnych. Zaproponowano także jednowymiarowy model procesu eksploatacji układów napędowych statków.
    Źródło:
    Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie; 2004, 1 (73); 211-220
    1733-8670
    2392-0378
    Pojawia się w:
    Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Probability measures of likelihood of diagnosis of the technical state of main combustion engines of sea-going ships
    Autorzy:
    Girtler, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242346.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    combustion engine
    diagnostic system
    likelihood of diagnosis
    theory of semi-Markov processes
    Opis:
    The paper presents reasons for the need of discerning the notions: likelihood of diagnosis and rightness of diagnosis while taking operating decisions. A probability formula for establishing the right diagnosis has been derived as a likelihood measure of diagnosis. For deriving the formuła, the theory of semi-Markov processes and Bayes' formula of the conditional probability have been applied. Other probability measures of likelihood of diagnosis have been also presented. These measures concern the technical state of such important systems as combustion engines of sea-going ships. However, they can be of use also for other ship systems. The paper provides description of a stochastic decision situation following from operation of combustion engines in any operating system and on this background there is presented some proposals of applying the technical diagnostics for controlling the engine operating process. Formulating a problem for the combustion engines, solving the problem, diagnostic inference and likelihood of diagnosis as well a simplified model of combustion engine operation taking into account diagnosis and control in time of operation are presented in the paper.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2009, 16, 2; 125-132
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Stochastic model of the load spectrum for main engines of sea-going ships
    Autorzy:
    Girtler, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243406.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2007
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    semi-Markov process
    load
    diesel engine
    main engine
    sea ship
    Opis:
    The paper presents possibility of applying the theory of semi-Markov processes for probabilistic description of load spectrum for diesel engines employed for ship propulsion, so for main engines. The considerations include output power characteristics for this kind of engines. The characteristics have enabled formulating a four-member set of states of the process of load on the engines. The theory of semi-Markov processes has been applied for describing the real process of loads on the mentioned engines. This theory has made possible building a model of the engine loads in form of a continuous-time semi-Markov process with a four-state set of values. Properties of a Darboux continuous function, which allow considering the engine loads as the discrete-states and continuous-time processes, have been used to build the model. In consequence a limiting distribution of the occurring process of successive states of engine loads could be determined. The distribution is the probabilities of staying a sea-going ship main engine in successive states of load. The distribution is characterized by the spectrum of loads on this kind of engines. The presented model can be developed by taking into account many states of the process of main engines loading as the need is to make such a probabilistic description of the process that provides possibility of rational control of the operating process.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2007, 14, 3; 187-193
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Concept for interpretation and assessment of slide bearings operation in diesel engines in probabilistic approach
    Autorzy:
    Girtler, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244383.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2007
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    friction heat
    operation
    friction energy
    slide bearing
    friction work
    Opis:
    The paper provides a proposal of interpretation that valuates operations, which (just like operation of Hamilton and Maupertius shown in the classical mechanics and operation resulting from changes of body momentum) is considered as a physical quantity with: joule-second [joule x second] as a unit of measure. It presents suggestion of a quantitative interpretation of operation of a slide journal bearing, in which energetic interactions proceed at determined time. It has been here motivated that when the suggested interpretation for slide bearing operation in which energy conversions proceed, is accepted the operation can be a carrier of information about states of the systems so, it can become a diagnostic signal. Moreover, an original method of operation analysis and assessment for a slide journal bearing has been herein presented with regards to its reliability and safety. Possibilities of applying this method for the process of taking the rational operating decisions have been shown, too. The homogeneous process of Poison has been applied in order to prove usability of operation in such interpretation. This process has enabled construction of a model of the course of getting-worse operation for a bearing while the operation time goes by. Therefore, the model is a random process of homogenous and independent gains in energy lost due to friction and slide bearing wear.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2007, 14, 4; 83-89
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    A concept of determining the relation between load and wear of tribological systems of ship main selfignition engines by using probabilistic approach
    Autorzy:
    Girtler, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/258580.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
    Tematy:
    combustion engine load
    probability
    stochastic process
    self-ignition engine
    random variable
    statistical relation
    stochastic relation
    Opis:
    This paper presents a proposal of simultaneous consideration of load and wear associated with it , of tribological systems of ship main engines (intended for ship propulsion) . Based on results of investigations it was assumed that both the load Q (i.e. a cause of wear ) and the wear Z (i.e. an effect of load occurrence) considered in a given time t (0 ≤ t ≤ tn) are random variables Qt and Zt ,respectively. There was characterized operational principle of ship main engines in definite external conditions (WZ) as well as consequences of excessive load of engines. Three hypotheses highlighting relations existing between load and wear of the above mentioned systems, have been proposed. The first of them deals with explanation of stochastic relation between load and wear, the second highlights why it is possible to assume that the load Qt and the wear Zt are positively correlated , and the third – why it is possible to assume that coefficient of correlation between Qt and Zt may be taken close to one.
    Źródło:
    Polish Maritime Research; 2018, 4; 130-138
    1233-2585
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Maritime Research
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Physical aspects of application and usefulness of semi-Markovian processes for modelling the processes occurring in operational phase of technical objects
    Autorzy:
    Girtler, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/259227.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2004
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
    Tematy:
    technical object
    semi-Marcovian process
    tribological unit
    wear
    Opis:
    In the paper usefulness of semi-Markovian processes for modelling real processes which occur in the operational phase of various technical objects, is considered. The usefulness of this theory was proved by presenting specific features of the semi-Markovian processes and physical aspects of their use as models of the processes occurring in the operational phase of the objects in question. The specific features were described with taking into account the process of changing the technical states of such objects. The physical aspects of models in the form of semi-Markovian processes were justified by postulating a hypoŹthesis by which wear process of tribological units of crucial sub-assemblies of machines, can be explained. Also, the consequences logically resulting from the hypothesis and necessary to its verification, are discusŹsed. A method for its verification is also attached. It was proved possible to model the real processes in question by means of the continuous semi-Markovian processes of finite set of states.
    Źródło:
    Polish Maritime Research; 2004, 3; 25-30
    1233-2585
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Maritime Research
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    A model of fuel combustion process in the marine reciprocating engine work space taking into account load and wear of crankshaft-piston assembly and the theory of semi-Markov processes
    Autorzy:
    Girtler, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/259557.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
    Tematy:
    engine load
    marine internal combustion engine
    probability
    semi-Markov process
    crankshaft-piston assembly
    Opis:
    The article analyses the operation of reciprocal internal combustion engines, with marine engines used as an example. The analysis takes into account types of energy conversion in the work spaces (cylinders) of these engines, loads of their crankshaft-piston assemblies, and types of fuel combustion which can take place in these spaces during engine operation. It is highlighted that the analysed time-dependent loads of marine internal combustion engine crankshaftpiston assemblies are random processes. It is also indicated that the wear of elements of those assemblies resulting from their load should also be considered a random process. A hypothesis is formulated which explains random nature of load and the absence of the theoretically expected detonation combustion in engines supplied with such fuels as Diesel Oil, Marine Diesel Oil, and Heavy Fuel Oil. A model is proposed for fuel combustion in an arbitrary work space of a marine Diesel engine, which has the form of a stochastic four-state process, discrete in states and continuous in time. The model is based on the theory of semi-Markov processes.
    Źródło:
    Polish Maritime Research; 2016, 3; 50-57
    1233-2585
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Maritime Research
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Features of load and wear of main propulsion devices on sea-going ships with piston combustion engines and their impact on changes in technical states of the systems
    Autorzy:
    Girtler, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/259714.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
    Tematy:
    load
    reciprocating internal combustion engine
    seagoing ship
    propulsion system of a ship
    wear
    Opis:
    The paper presents the specificity of operation of propulsion systems of seagoing ships which causes the need to control the load on them, especially on their engines called main engines. The characteristics of the load on the propulsion systems, especially on the main engines as well as on the shaft lines and propellers driven by the engines, along with the process of wear in tribological joints (sliding tribological systems) of the machines have been described herein. Using examples of typical types of wear (both linear and volumetric) for the tribological systems of this sort, interpretation of states of their wear has been provided with regards to the wear levels defined as acceptable, unacceptable and catastrophic. The following hypotheses have been formulated: 1) hypothesis explaining necessity to consider the loads on the systems under operation as stochastic processes; 2) hypothesis explaining a possibility of considering the processes as stationary; and 3) hypothesis explaining why it can be assumed that a given technical state of any tribological system can be considered as dependent only on the directly preceding state and stochastically independent of the states that existed earlier. Accepting the hypotheses as true, a four-state continuous-time semi-Markov process has been proposed in the form of a model of changes in condition of a propulsion system (PS) of any ship. The model includes the most significant states affecting safety of a ship at sea, such as: s0 – PS ability state, s1 – PS disability state due to damage to the main engine (ME), s2 – PS disability state due to damage to the shaft line (SL) and s3 – PS disability state due to damage to the propeller (P). Probability of occurrence (changes) of the states has also been demonstrated.
    Źródło:
    Polish Maritime Research; 2017, 4; 57-66
    1233-2585
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Maritime Research
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Identification of damages of tribological associations in crankshaft and piston systems of two-stroke internal combustion engines used as main propulsion in sea-going vessels and proposal of probabilistic description of loads as causes of these damages
    Autorzy:
    Girtler, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/259908.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
    Tematy:
    probability
    friction associations
    crankshaft and piston system
    semi-Markov process
    marine internal combustion engine
    wear
    Opis:
    The article discusses damages of essential tribological associations in crankshaft and piston systems of large power two-stroke engines used as main engines, which take place during transport tasks performed by those ships. Difficulties are named which make preventing those damages impossible, despite the fact that the technical state of engines of this type is identified with the aid of complex diagnostic systems making use of advanced computer technology. It is demonstrated that one of causes of the damages is the lack of research activities oriented on recognising random properties of the loads leading to those damages. A proposal is made for the loads acting at a given time ton tribological associations in crankshaft and piston systems of internal combustion engines used as main engines to be considered as random variables Qt. At the same time the loads examined within a given time interval tr ≤ t ≤ tz would be considered stochastic processes {Q(t): t ≥ 0}. Essential properties of the loads of the abovementioned tribological associations are named and explained by formulating hypotheses which need empirical verification. Interval estimation is proposed for estimating the expected value E(Qt) of the load Qt acting at time t. A relation is indicated between the mechanical load and the thermal load acting on tribological associations in the ship main engine crankshaft and piston system. A suggestion is formulated that a stochastic form of the relation between these types of load is to be searched for, rather than statistic relation, and a proposal is made to measure the intensity (strength) of the stochastic relation using the Czuprow’s convergence coefficient.
    Źródło:
    Polish Maritime Research; 2015, 2; 44-54
    1233-2585
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Maritime Research
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Probabilistic concept of defining the situations possible to occur during operation of floating docks
    Autorzy:
    Girtler, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/260295.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2005
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
    Tematy:
    floating dock
    safety
    model
    reliability
    technical object
    semi-Markov process
    technical state
    Opis:
    In this paper possibility to assess safety of floating docks as a result of application of the theory of semi-Markov processes both in the phase of their designing and operating, is outlined. Formal description of the situations which may occur during service of floating docks both those intended for building and repairing the ships, was presented. The following situations were distinguished : normal, complicated, hazardous, emergency and disastrous. A model of changing the distinguished situations was proposed in the form of a semi - Markov process with discrete set of states, and continuous with time. The mentioned situations are values of the process. An operational safety measure for dock was formulated in the form of the probability of the event consisting in occurrence of normal or complicated situation. It was proved that assessment of probability of occurrence of particular situations is possible.
    Źródło:
    Polish Maritime Research; 2005, S 1; 34-38
    1233-2585
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Maritime Research
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    A probabilistic concept of assessment of amount of noxious substances contained in exhaust gas emitted from self-ignition engines
    Autorzy:
    Girtler, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/260405.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2006
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
    Tematy:
    engine start-up
    self-ignition engine
    noxious substance
    Opis:
    A probabilistic concept of toxicity assessment of exhaust gas emitted from self-ignition engines was presented. Without such assessment it is not possible to determine pro-ecological merits of various transport means driven by self-ignition engines, including inland waterways passenger ships. In the concept a model of starting-up process of self-ignition engines was taken into consideration. The model was presented in the form of a semi-Markovian process, discrete in states and continuous during service. The states of the process are : the cold engine state (s1 ), warm engine state (s2) and hot engine state (s3 ). It made it possible to determine probabilities of the starting-up of engines from its particular states. For determination of mass of noxious substances contained in exhaust gas it is necessary to know the probabilities. Usefulness of the model in assessing amount of the noxious substances results from that during the starting-up of such engines many noxious substances are produced.
    Źródło:
    Polish Maritime Research; 2006, S 2; 33-37
    1233-2585
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Maritime Research
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    A model of occurrence of the situations endangering inland waterways passenger ships and the environment
    Autorzy:
    Girtler, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/260408.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2006
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
    Tematy:
    inland waterways ship
    prediction of failure probability
    availability indices of ship devices
    Opis:
    In this paper a four-state semi-Markov model of occurrence of the situations endangering inland waterways passenger ships, is presented. The model was elaborated in the form of the semi - Markov process, values of which are kinds of the states interpreted as the following situations : normal, complicated, hazardous and emergency. An example of realization of the process of changing the situations possible to occur during trips of inland waterways passenger ships, is presented. Also, formulae are attached, which make it possible to determine probabilities of occurrence of the mentioned situations during ship trips. The formulae were interpreted as safety measures of operation of inland waterways ship. Possibility of performing statistical investigations which could provide data for determining the mentioned probabilities was also stated.
    Źródło:
    Polish Maritime Research; 2006, S 2; 38-42
    1233-2585
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Maritime Research
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    A method for evaluating theoretical and real operation of diesel engines in energy conversion formulation taking into account their operating indices
    Autorzy:
    Girtler, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/260600.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
    Tematy:
    operation
    energy
    diesel engine
    ship’s main engine
    Opis:
    The article proposes valuating the operation of an arbitrary diesel engine, based on the sample case of a ship’s main engine in which energy conversion processes take place in a given time. The above operation is understood as the energy transfer to the screw propeller in the given time in which the energy conversion into work and/or heat and its further transmission take place. The here proposed method for evaluating the operation of the main engines installed in marine power plants consists in comparing the operation of these engines to a physical quantity the measuring unit of which is the joule-second (joule×second). A new term is introduced which bears the name of the theoretical engine operation and is the standard (ideal) operation which can be compared to the operation of real engines revealing different levels of wear. It was shown that the calculations of the theoretical operation defined in the above way cannot make direct use of commonly known theoretical Diesel and Sabathe cycles. Instead they should use the cycles modified by heat abstraction taking place in accordance with the isobaric, or isothermal process. Other new terms introduced in the article are: the degree of excellence of energy conversion to work, considered as the measure of excellence of engine operation, and the degree of engine operation dissipation, being the measure of its real operation. It is shown that if in time t of engine operation the case takes place that: Li = idem and Le = idem, then the engine operation dissipation is equal to its mechanical efficiency.
    Źródło:
    Polish Maritime Research; 2011, 3; 31-36
    1233-2585
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Maritime Research
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Application of theory of semi-Markov processes to determining distribution of probabilistic process of marine accidents resulting from collision of ships
    Autorzy:
    Girtler, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/260618.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
    Tematy:
    critical manoeuvre
    port
    probability
    semi-Markov process
    sea-going ship
    Opis:
    In this paper is presented possible application of the theory of semi-Markov processes to elaborating an eight-state model of the process of occurrence of serviceability state and unserviceability states of sea-going ships making critical manoeuvres during their entering and leaving the ports. In the analysis it was taken into account that sea-going ships are in service for a very long time t (t → ∞). The model was elaborated to determine the probability (P0) of correct execution of critical manoeuvres during ship’s entering and leaving the port as well as the probabilities Pj(j = 1, 2, 3, …, 7) of incorrect execution of critical manoeuvres by a ship, that leads to marine accidents. It was assumed that such accidents result from: ship’s grounding on port approaching fairway, collision with a ship on port approching fairway, collision with a pierhead during passing through port entrance, collision with a hydrotechnical structure during ship’s passing through port channels, collision with a port quay during coming alongside it and collision with a ship already moored to the quay. The probability (P0) was assumed a measure of safe execution of a critical manoeuvre. The probability characterizes possibility of avoiding any collision during ship’s entering and leaving the port. The probability Pa = 1 – P0 was assumed a measure of occurrence of a collsion and - consequently - marine accident. The probability Pa was interpreted as a sum of the probabilities Pj(j = 1, 2, 3, …, 7) of occurrence of all the selected events. In summing up the paper, attention was drawn to its merits which - in opinion of this author - are crucial for research on real process of accidents during entering the port and leaving it by sea-going ship in difficult navigation conditions.
    Źródło:
    Polish Maritime Research; 2014, 1; 9-13
    1233-2585
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Maritime Research
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    A semi-Markov model of fuel combustion process in a diesel engine
    Autorzy:
    Girtler, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/963463.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2007
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
    Opis:
    A four-state model of the combustion process in working spaces (cylinders) of a diesel engine is presented in the form of a semi-Markov process, discrete in states and continuous in time. The values in this process are the states : s1, s2, s3, s4 corresponding to commonly accepted types of combustion in those engines, namely : s1 - the process state which corresponds to total (complete and perfect) combustion, s2 - the process state which corresponds to incomplete combustion, s3 - the process state which corresponds to imperfect combustion, and s4 - the process state which corresponds to both incomplete and imperfect combustion. It is also mentioned that proper use of diesel engines can secure a correct course of the combustion process, if it is properly attended and shaped. During this course the state s4 does not take place. Formulas are given which make it possible to determine the probability of staying of the combustion process in the above named states, along with the interpretation of the probability P1 = P(s1) as the probability of correct (reliable) engine operation.
    Źródło:
    Polish Maritime Research; 2007, S 1; 58-61
    1233-2585
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Maritime Research
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Energetyczne ujęcie działania komór spalania okrętowych silników spalinowych tłokowych i turbinowych
    Autorzy:
    Girtler, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2073552.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
    Tematy:
    ciepło
    działanie
    energia chemiczna
    energia wewnętrzna
    komora spalania
    praca
    proces stochastyczny
    strumień ciepła
    tłokowy silnik spalinowy
    turbinowy silnik spalinowy
    Opis:
    Przedstawiono propozycję wartościowania (ilościowego określenia) działania komór spalania tłokowych i turbinowych silników spalinowych z uwzględnieniem zachodzących w nich takich rodzajów przemiany energii jakimi są ciepło i praca. Przedstawione rozważania bazują na fakcie, że w komorach spalania tego rodzaju silników spalinowych zachodzi przekształcanie energii chemicznej zawartej w dostarczonym do niej paliwie (ściślej – energii chemicznej zawartej w mieszaninie paliwowo-powietrznej powstałej w tej komorze) na energię wewnętrzną spalin powstających podczas spalania paliwa. Ta forma przemiany energii została nazwana ciepłem indykowanym (Qi). Ciepło Qi odniesione do jednostki czasu t spalania paliwa zostało nazwane strumieniem ciepła ( Qi). Zwrócono uwagę, że proces spalania paliwa w komorach spalania obu rodzajów silników może być nieprawidłowy, w przypadku niewłaściwego działania ich wtryskiwaczy, co jest równoznaczne z nieprawidłowym działaniem tych komór. Działanie dowolnej komory tłokowego bądź turbinowego silnika spalinowego zostało w tym artykule zinterpretowane, jako przetwarzanie energii chemicznej zawartej w paliwie na energię wewnętrzną powstających spalin podczas spalania paliwa w ustalonym czasie. Wartościowanie tak rozumianego działania komór spalania tego rodzaju silników spalinowych, zaproponowane przez autora tego artykułu, polega na określeniu ilościowym tego działania za pomocą wielkości fizycznej, którą cechuje wartość liczbowa z jednostkę miary nazwaną dżulosekundą [dżulxsekunda]. Do oceny procesu pogarszania się działania komór spalania dowolnego tłokowego bądź turbinowego silnika spalinowego zaproponowano model w formie jednorodnego procesu Poissona.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Polish CIMEEAC; 2018, 13, 1; 30--46
    1231-3998
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Polish CIMEEAC
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Determination of probabilities defining safety of a sea-going ship during performance of a transportation task in stormy weather conditions
    Autorzy:
    Girtler, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2073602.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
    Tematy:
    reliability
    semi-Markov process
    diesel engine
    propeller
    sea-going ship
    steering gear
    niezawodność
    silnik wysokoprężny
    śmigło
    statek morski
    proces semi-Markowa
    Opis:
    The paper presents the possibility of applying the theory of semi-Markov processes to determine the limiting distribution for the process of changes of technical states being reliability states of the systems of sea-going ships significantly affecting safety of such ships, which include main engine, propeller and steering gear. The distribution concerns the probabilities of occurrence of the said states defined for a long time of ship operation (t → ∞). The considered states are as follows: s0 – full ability state of the systems, i.e.: main engine, propeller and steering gear, s1 – inability state of the main engine, s2 – inability state of the propeller, s3 – inability state of the steering gear. Significance of the systems for safety of the ships at sea was demonstrated herein. General conditions for performing transportation tasks by the ships, with particular regard to stormy conditions, were also here described.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Polish CIMEEAC; 2017, 12, 1; 21--30
    1231-3998
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Polish CIMEEAC
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Energetyczny aspekt diagnostyki maszyn
    Energy-based aspect of machine diagnostics
    Autorzy:
    Girtler, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/327526.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Polskie Towarzystwo Diagnostyki Technicznej PAN
    Tematy:
    diagnostyka
    działanie
    maszyna
    energia
    stan techniczny
    diagnostics
    operation
    machine
    energy
    technical state
    Opis:
    W artykule zaproponowano interpretację wartościującą działania, które (podobnie jak przedstawione mechanice klasycznej działania Hamiltona i Maupertiusa oraz działanie wynikające ze zmiany pędu ciała) jest rozpatrywane jako wielkość fizyczna o jednostce miary zwanej dżulosekundą [dżulxsekunda]. Przedstawiono oryginalną metodę analizy i oceny działania maszyn w ujęciu energetycznym dla potrzeb diagnostycznych. Do uzasadnienia przydatności tak interpretowanego działania zastosowano jednorodny proces Poissona i proces semi-Markowa. Procesy te umożliwiły skonstruowanie modelu przebiegu pogarszania się działania maszyny z upływem czasu jej funkcjonowania. Modelem tym jest więc proces losowy Poissona lub semi-Markova. Rozważania dotyczące energetycznego aspektu diagnostyki maszyn przedstawiono na przykładzie silników spalinowych, w szczególności silników o zapłonie samoczynnym.
    The paper presents a proposal of quantitative interpretation of operation which (just like in physics: the operations of Hamilton and Maupertius and the operation issuing from the changes of body momentum) is considered as a physical quantity with the unit of measure: a joule-second [joule´second]. The original method for analysis and estimation of machine operation has been showed in energy-based terms for the needs of diagnostics. In order to give the grounds for usability of such interpreted operation the homogeneous process of Poisson and process of semi-Markov have been herein applied. The two processes have enabled building a model of run of getting-worse (decreasing) operation of a machine at the lapse of its operation time. Thus, the model is a random process of Poisson or semi-Markov. The considerations concerning energy-based aspect of machine diagnostics have been provided on the example of combustion engines, mainly diesel engines.
    Źródło:
    Diagnostyka; 2008, 1(45); 149-156
    1641-6414
    2449-5220
    Pojawia się w:
    Diagnostyka
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Zastosowanie diagnostyki do decyzyjnego sterowania procesem eksploatacji urządzeń
    Application of diagnostics for decision control over the process of systems operation
    Autorzy:
    Girtler, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/327672.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2006
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Polskie Towarzystwo Diagnostyki Technicznej PAN
    Tematy:
    diagnostyka techniczna
    eksploatacja
    sterowanie decyzyjne
    technical diagnostics
    process of operation
    decision control
    Opis:
    Decyzyjne sterowanie procesem eksploatacji urządzeń technicznych należy do najistotniejszych problemów w eksploatacji tych urządzeń. Rozwiązanie tego problemu i zapewnienie racjonalnego sterowania wspomnianym procesem wymaga zastosowania diagnostyki technicznej. W artykule scharakteryzowano stochastyczną sytuację decyzyjną wynikającą z funkcjonowania tak istotnych urządzeń, jakimi są silniki spalinowe, sprężarki, pompy, kotły parowe, itp. w dowolnym systemie eksploatacyjnym i na tym tle przedstawiono propozycje zastosowania diagnostyki technicznej do sterowania procesem eksploatacji tych urządzeń.
    Decision control of technical systems operation process is one of the most important problems in operating systems. Solving this problem and ensuring the rational control of the mentioned process demand employment of technical diagnostics. The paper provides description of a stochastic decision situation following from operating such significant systems like combustion engines, compressors, pumps, steam boilers, etc. of any operation system and on this background there are presented proposals of applying technical diagnostics for controlling the operation process of the systems.
    Źródło:
    Diagnostyka; 2006, 2(38); 151-158
    1641-6414
    2449-5220
    Pojawia się w:
    Diagnostyka
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Metoda identyfikacji stanu technicznego urządzeń na podstawie oceny ich działania
    Identification method of technical state of the objects on the ground of estimation of their work
    Autorzy:
    Girtler, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/327922.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2001
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Polskie Towarzystwo Diagnostyki Technicznej PAN
    Tematy:
    diagnostyka
    działanie
    energia
    stan techniczny
    urządzenie
    device
    energy
    diagnostics
    technical state
    work
    Opis:
    Przedstawiono propozycję ilościowej interpretacji działania dowolnego urządzenia, w którym zachodzą oddziaływania energetyczne w określonym czasie. Według tej interpretacji, działanie urządzeń zostało przyrównane do pojęcia wielkości fizycznej, z jednostką miary [dżulxsekunda], którą można przedstawić zależnością podobną do tych, jakie są używane w fizyce, a ściślej w mechanice klasycznej i mechanice kwantowej. Uzasadniono, że w przypadku przyjęcia zaproponowanej interpretacji działania urządzeń, w których następują przemiany energetyczne, działanie może być nośnikiem informacji o stanie tych urządzeń, a więc - sygnałem diagnostycznym. Do uzasadnienia tego zastosowano jednorodny proces Poissona, który umożliwił skonstruowanie modelu przebiegu pogarszania działania urządzeń, jako procesu losowego o jednorodnych i niezależnych przyrostach spadku generowanej przez nie energii w określonym czasie.
    The paper presents suggestion of quantitative interpretation of work of a objects, in which energetic interactions proceed in determined time. According to the interpretation, work of the object is considered as a physical quantity with the unit of measure [joulexsecond], which can be presented by the dependence similar to these ones which are used in classic mechanics ad quantum mechanics. It has been motivated that, in the case of accepting the suggested interpretation of work of objects, in which energetic changes proceed, such work can be a carrier of information about states of these systems - so, it can be a diagnostic signal. To motivate this, it has been used homogeneous Poisson's process, which made possible designing model of the course of getting the objects' work worse. This model is a random process of homogeneous, independent, single and the same gains e in energy drop, in determined time.
    Źródło:
    Diagnostyka; 2001, 25; 5-12
    1641-6414
    2449-5220
    Pojawia się w:
    Diagnostyka
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Designing engine rooms of new generation ships realized within the framework of European research projects EUREKA - chosen questions
    Autorzy:
    Girtler, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/962810.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2004
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
    Tematy:
    ship power plant
    sea-going ship
    reliability and safety
    design
    semi-Markovian process
    Opis:
    Importance of reliability and safety in the operation phase of engine rooms has been proven. A concept of designing engine rooms taking into consideration their reliability, safety i of functioning as well as ecological features has been proposed. The need for as well as the main principles of carrying out empirical research in particular ship design stages have been introduced. Possibilities of the use of the semi-Markov theory in designing engine rooms have been justified. Possibilities of formulation and importance of hypothesis in scientific research related to engine rooms of sea going and inland ships depending on their particular specific features have been introduced. Examples of such hypothesis and their verification methods have been given. Possibilities of the use of semi-Markov processes in optimization of the ship operation have been signalled.
    Źródło:
    Polish Maritime Research; 2004, S 1; 57-61
    1233-2585
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Maritime Research
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Application of semi-Markov processes for evaluation of diesel engines reliability with regards to diagnostics
    Autorzy:
    Girtler, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2073613.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
    Tematy:
    diagnostics
    reliability
    semi-Markov process
    diesel engine
    diagnostic system
    diagnostyka
    niezawodność
    proces semi-Markova
    silnik Diesla
    system diagnostyczny
    Opis:
    The paper presents semi-Markov models of technical state transitions for diesel engines, useful for determination of their reliability, as a result of the conducted statistical empirical studies. Interpretation of technical states provided for this sort of engines refers to ship main engines, i.e. engines employed in propulsion systems of sea-going ships. The considerations recognize diesel engine as a diagnosed system (SDN), of which state can be identified by a diagnosing system (SDG). Both of the systems: SDN and SDG compose a diagnostic system (SD). Examples of three-state semi-Markov models were applied to demonstrate that in case of use of proper diagnosing systems (SDG) for identification of technical states of such engines as SDN, by classification of the states to the relevant class of the reference states, it is possible to make use of a Markov model to determine reliability of the engines. For developing a Markov model of state transitions for the engines, there were applied functions of the risk of damage: λ12 that causes transition from state s1 to state s2, and λ13 that causes transition from state s1 to state s3, as well as intensity functions of recovery (restitution): λ21 that causes transition from state s2 to state s1, and λ31 that causes transition from state s3 to state s1.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Polish CIMEEAC; 2016, 11, 1; 47--53
    1231-3998
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Polish CIMEEAC
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Application of acustic emission for detection of fatigue microdemage in main and crank bearings for diesel engines
    Autorzy:
    Girtler, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2073652.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
    Tematy:
    frequency analysis
    slide bearing
    friction factor
    bearing bush
    Opis:
    The article presents reasons for applying the acoustic emission (AE) to detect fatigue microdamage in main bearings and crank bearings of marine main engines. Problem of determination of fatigue life for slide bearing bushes was characterized in general. There were demonstrated properties of the objects of research, which were bushings made of the MB58 alloy, as well as an overall description of the research. It was shown that the frequency bands of AE signals can indicate fatigue damage to the sliding layer of a bearing bush. The fatigue damage in the tested bushes was depicted in figures. General features of the AMSY-6 measuring system, used in the research, were also provided herein.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Polish CIMEEAC; 2015, 10, 1; 63--74
    1231-3998
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Polish CIMEEAC
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Reliability and types of diagnosis in the process of diesel engine operation
    Autorzy:
    Girtler, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2073667.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
    Tematy:
    diagnosis
    marine engine
    diesel engine
    diagnosing system
    diagnosed system
    diagnosis reliability
    Opis:
    The article presents complexity of the problem concerning development of diagnosis with defined reliability by a diagnosing system (SDG) on technical condition of marine combustion engines, especially main engines. It was shown that development of the final diagnosis, the so-called initial operation diagnosis, on the operational usability (fDG on PEx) of a main engine in particular, is not possible without prior development of reliable diagnoses such as: diagnosis on correctness of diagnostic signals, diagnosis on correctness of values of the measured diagnostic parameters of an engine (DG on pWM), diagnosis on technical condition of an engine (DG on ST) and initial diagnosis on operational usability of an engine (wDG on PEx), the so-called initial operation diagnosis. Difficulties in development of the diagnoses were emphasized herein due to the fact that the process of acquisition of information needed to develop diagnoses with certain reliability or accuracy is a two-dimensional stochastic process with components: B(t) – being considered during operation (use) of SDG (at so-called long time - quasistatic) and C(ʋ) – being considered while measuring diagnostic parameters and diagnostic inference (at so-called short time - dynamic). The need to determine reliability or accuracy rate of each diagnosis in the form of conditional probability P(S/K) was also indicated, where S – technical state of the engine and K – vector of values of diagnostic parameters reflecting state S. Diagnostic status of marine engine as a diagnosed system (SDN) was characterized in general, on the example of an engine operation process with regards to input (X), output (Y), constant (C) and interference (Z) values. Also there was explained how to understand the terms: diagnostic test, signal inference, measurement inference, structure inference and operation inference, and how inductive inference can be used to verify, for example, the hypothesis H on engine state S when vector K of values of engine diagnostic parameters is observed.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Polish CIMEEAC; 2018, 13, 1; 20--29
    1231-3998
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Polish CIMEEAC
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Quantum issues in diagnostics of marine energy machines and devices
    Zagadnienia kwantowe w diagnostyce okrętowych urządzeń energetycznych
    Autorzy:
    Girtler, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/359734.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Morska w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo AMSz
    Tematy:
    diagnostyka
    mechanika kwantowa
    okrętowe urządzenie energetyczne
    diagnostics
    quantum mechanics
    marine energy machines / devices
    Opis:
    The paper rises the issue of a possibility to consider some achievements of the quantum mechanics in the diagnostics of marine energy machines and devices. It has been shown that the observations from the quantum mechanics and technical diagnostics obtained in the knowledge field of the empirical research are convergent. The need has been justified as for empirical research to make not only calculations of errors, but also to determine the uncertainty of test results (measurements) and identify whether they are mainly the result of inaccuracy of energy machines / devices as the research objects – or inaccuracy of the measuring technique (measuring methods and means). Moreover, the possibility of using mathematical statistics has been presented for describing the results of the studies connected with determining the instantaneous values of the measured quantities. It has been shown at the same time the necessity for the empirical research of a clear definition of the instantaneous value characterized by two coordinates: a measured value of a physical quantity and a value of time which the measured value of the physical quantity is assigned to.
    W artykule podjęto zagadnienie możliwości uwzględniania części dorobku mechaniki kwantowej w diagnostyce okrętowych urządzeń energetycznych. Wykazano, że są zbieżne spostrzeżenia mechaniki kwantowej i diagnostyki technicznej uzyskane w obszarze wiedzy z zakresu badań empirycznych. Uzasadniono konieczność wykonywania podczas badań empirycznych, nie tylko rachunku błędów, lecz także określania niedokładności wyników badań (pomiarów) wraz z ustaleniem, czy są one głównie wynikiem niedokładności urządzeń energetycznych jako obiektów badań, czy też – niedokładności techniki pomiarowej (metod i środków pomiarowych). Przedstawiono także możliwość zastosowania statystyki matematycznej do opracowania wyników badań związanych z określaniem wartości chwilowych wielkości mierzonych. Wykazano przy tym konieczność stosowania w badaniach empirycznych jednoznacznej definicji wartości chwilowej, która jest charakteryzowana przez dwie współrzędne: wartość mierzoną wielkości fizycznej i wartość czasu, której przyporządkowana jest wartość mierzona wielkości fizycznej.
    Źródło:
    Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie; 2012, 30 (102); 37-45
    1733-8670
    2392-0378
    Pojawia się w:
    Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Conception of valuation of combustion engine operation
    Autorzy:
    Girtler, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244104.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    heat
    operation
    energy
    work
    semi-Markov process
    combustion engine
    Opis:
    The work provides a proposal of interpretation showing operation in terms of values being compared to a physical quantity with the unit of measure called joule-second, just like operations of Hamilton and Maupertius demonstrated in classical mechanics. Operation in this interpretation is also considered in quantum mechanics, referring to body electromagnetic radiation source of which operation is characterized by Planck constant. An original method of analysis and evaluation of machine operation is herein presented in the energetic aspect, as the result of applying the theory of semi-Markov processes. In order to give grounds for usability of such interpreted operation it has been employed the model describing changes in energy of combustion engines, in the form of state-discrete and time-continuous semi-Markov process. The process is thus a semi-Markov model of getting worse combustion engine operation run with the lapse of time and regaining the initial energetic state of the engine after its refurbishment. The limiting distribution of the process has been determined with probabilities of occurring the distinguished energetic states of mentioned engines. The paper shows that the proposed interpretation for the operation enables making a graph of operation, which demonstrates engine operation in the form of field. The attention is paid that the engine operation in the presented version has got the advantage that can be expressed as a quantity with the joule-second as a unit of measure and as a graph in the form of operation field. The coordinate system for presenting the operation as a field, proposed in this paper, refers to the known in thermodynamics possibility of expressing the energy conversion sorts like work and heat (according to the conception of Clapeyron and Belpaire) in the form of fields.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2008, 15, 2; 89-96
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    A probabilistic concept of load assessmentof self-ignition engines
    Autorzy:
    Girtler, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/258922.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
    Tematy:
    hypothesis
    load
    self-ignition engine
    stochastic process
    Opis:
    A proposal of probabilistic interpretation of loading process of self-ignition combustion engines, was presented. Probabilistic description of loading the engines was proposed with taking into account known parameters (indices) of their operation. It was demonstrated that instantaneous load of such engines can be considered a random variable. Attention was paid to the fact that the load can be taken as a multi-dimensional random variable. Engine load changes during its operation were considered as the loading process and presented in the form of a multi-dimensional stochastic process whose states are loads considered to be random variables. It was demonstrated that the loading process can be taken as the stochastic one of asymptotically independent incements, stationary and ergodic. Justification of the above mentioned features of the loading process is contained in the presented hypotheses. It was also demonstrated that in testing the load process of self-ignition engines stochastic relation between thermal and mechanical loading should be taken into account.
    Źródło:
    Polish Maritime Research; 2008, 2; 65-70
    1233-2585
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Maritime Research
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The semi-Markov model of the process of appearance of sea-going ship propupsion system ability and inability states in application to determining the reliablity of these systems
    Autorzy:
    Girtler, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/259071.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
    Tematy:
    reliability
    semi-Markov process
    state of ability
    state of inability
    sea-going ship
    ship propulsion system
    Opis:
    The article presents possible application of the theory of semi-Markov processes in creating the eight-state model of the process of appearance of the propulsion systems ability and inability states on sea-going vessels performing transportation tasks in a relatively long operating time t (t → ∞). The model has been proved to be able to be successfully used for determining the reliability of the abovementioned systems. The probability of faultless operation in time t was assumed the measure of system reliability. Operating situations of sea-going vessels were characterised, with special attention being paid to the fact that the loads of propulsion system components of these vessels are of random nature. These loads lead to damages which for this reason were also considered random events. It was also assumed that the damages provoke the appearance of states of inability of particular ship propulsion system components which means that these states are random events as well. The states of ability of a given ship propulsion system have been assumed to exist when all components of this system are in the state of ability. In case when at least one component is in the state of inability, the entire system is in the state of inability. Conditions were formulated for the reliability model of an arbitrary system to be able to be worked out in the form of the semi-Markov process. The need for the use of technical diagnostics in reliability examination of sea-going ship propulsion systems was indicated. In conclusions, certain qualities of the article were highlighted which are, in author’s opinion, of highest importance in reliability examination of sea-going ship propulsion systems.
    Źródło:
    Polish Maritime Research; 2013, 4; 18-24
    1233-2585
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Maritime Research
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Semi-Markovian models of the process of technical state changes of technical objects
    Autorzy:
    Girtler, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/259191.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2004
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
    Tematy:
    model
    technical object
    semi-Marcovian process
    technical state
    Opis:
    The most important problem of operation of all technical objects (devices) is the problem of rational (optimum) decision control of the process of technical state changes of the objects. Such control can be realized when a model of the process of technical stale chanŹges is applied. In view of this, a formal description of the operational process of technical objects was presented in this paper, as well as it was justified that the model of the process may be a semi-Markovian process of finite set of states. Examples of 4-and 3-state semiŹ-Markovian process were given as a model of the above mentioned process of state chanŹges of any device. Difficulties associated with forming such model, which arise from application of the theory of semi-Markovian processes, were indicated. Therefore the proposed model is the semi-Markovian process whose values are technical states occurring in the phase of operation of many technical objects of practical importance (e.g. combustion piston engines, turbines, displacement and rotary compressors, impeller pumps etc).
    Źródło:
    Polish Maritime Research; 2004, 4; 3-7
    1233-2585
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Maritime Research
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    A method for evaluatingthe performance of a marine piston internal combustion engine used as the main engine on a ship during its voyage in different sailing conditions
    Autorzy:
    Girtler, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/259375.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
    Tematy:
    engine operation
    combustion engine performance evaluation
    interpretation of energy conversion
    Newton-Leibniz formula
    model of engine operation
    Opis:
    A method is presented for evaluating the performance of piston internal combustion engines used as the main engines on sea-going ships and acting in typical operating conditions. These conditions are described taking into account the performance area of engines of this type. The presented method provides opportunities for calculating the numerical effect of the action using the integral calculus. The above effect is presented as a physical quantity expressed by a number with the metric unit called the joule-second. Proposed is the use of types of integrands (which are functional dependences of the energy converted in these engines on time) which make it possible to use the second fundamental theorem of calculus justifying the use of the Newton-Leibniz formula. The object of the analysis is the process of changes of the energy converted in the internal combustion engines during their operation, described with the aid of a deterministic model of the real process taking into account its sample realisation.
    Źródło:
    Polish Maritime Research; 2010, 4; 31-38
    1233-2585
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Maritime Research
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The semi-Markov model of energy state changes of the main marine internal combustion engine and method for evaluating its operation during ship voyage
    Autorzy:
    Girtler, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/260072.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
    Tematy:
    operation
    energy
    semi-Markov process
    piston internal combustion engine
    Opis:
    The article presents a method for evaluating the operation of internal combustion engines used as the main engines in the propulsion systems of sea-going ships in various operating conditions. This method enables calculating the engine operation value based on the theory of semi-Markov processes and mathematical statistics. What is noteworthy, the operation of the examined internal combustion engines is compared to a physical quantity which is expressed in the form of a number with the measure unit called joule-second. a model having the form of a semi-Markov process is proposed to describe the energy state changes taking place in the main engines during their operation. Also proposed is the use of the point and interval estimation at a given confidence level â for determining the value of the energy converted in the engine during its operation for the known and unknown standard energy deviation treated as the random variable. The semi-Markov model of changes of the energy converted in the engine during its operation is presented in a general form. The above model was used for determining the ship’s main engine operation, which is in the examined case a function of the energy converted in particular energy states, the expected value of the time of duration of these states and the probability of their existence. These probabilities compose the limiting distribution of the semi-Markov process, the values of which are the specified main engine energy states.
    Źródło:
    Polish Maritime Research; 2011, 4; 36-42
    1233-2585
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Maritime Research
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    A general concept of design procedure for floating docks regarding their reliability, safety and ecological aspects
    Autorzy:
    Girtler, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/260292.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2005
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
    Tematy:
    safety
    floating dock
    reliability
    design procedure
    Opis:
    In this paper is presented a concept of design procedure, and problems resulting from it, for floating docks with a view of taking into account their reliability and operational safety. It has been stressed that such design procedure is necessary for ensuring the docks appropriate pro-ecological features. It has been also shown that the design procedure should have several stages. The following kinds of design stages have been proposed to be accounted for : offer (canvassing) design, contract (ordered) design, concept (study) design, preliminary design, technical (classification) design and working design as well as the stage of elaboration of technical operational (delivery-acceptance) documentation. Knowledge areas necessary for such design procedure have been indicated. Attention has been also drawn to the necessity of accounting for, in designing the floating docks, diagnostic systems suitable to aid operational decision making .
    Źródło:
    Polish Maritime Research; 2005, S 1; 30-33
    1233-2585
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Maritime Research
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Problemy oszacowania trwałości i niezawodności silników o zapłonie samoczynnym z zastosowaniem teorii procesów semimarkowskich i diagnostyki
    Autorzy:
    Girtler, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/134150.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
    Tematy:
    diagnostyka
    niezawodność
    proces semimarkowski
    silnik o zapłonie samoczynnym
    trwałość
    diagnostics
    reliability
    compression ignition engine
    semi-Markov process
    Opis:
    W artykule przestawiono znaczenie trwałości i niezawodności silników o zapłonie samoczynnym w eksploatacji systemów technicznych, w których są zastosowane. Wykazano, że do oszacowania trwałości i niezawodności wspomnianych silników bardziej przydatne są modele opracowane w formie semimarkowskiego procesu zmian stanów technicznych tego rodzaju silników w porównaniu do modeli proponowanych w klasycznej teorii niezawodności. Scharakteryzowano możliwości zastosowania modeli semimarkowskich do badań trwałości i niezawodności tych silników. Uzasadniono konieczność zastosowania diagnostyki technicznej w tego rodzaju badaniach. Przedstawiono przyczyny powodujące niepewność sformułowania właściwej diagnozy ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem czynników wpływających na błędy pomiarów, ale przede wszystkim na niedokładność pomiarów wykonywanych podczas badań diagnostycznych. W podsumowaniu tego artykułu zwrócono uwagę na te walory, które (zdaniem autora) mają najistotniejsze znaczenie w fazie projektowania i eksploatacji silników o zapłonie samoczynnym, szczególnie stosowanych w siłowniach okrętowych jako silniki napędu głównego statku (silniki główne).
    Źródło:
    Combustion Engines; 2013, 52, 3; 359-366
    2300-9896
    2658-1442
    Pojawia się w:
    Combustion Engines
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Possibility of estimating the reliability of diesel engines by applying the theory of semi-Markov processes and making operational decisions by considering reliability of diagnosis on technical state of this sort of combustion engines
    Możliwość oszacowania niezawodności silników o zapłonie samoczynnym z zastosowaniem teorii procesów semi-Markowa oraz podejmowania decyzji eksploatacyjnych z uwzględnieniem wiarygodności diagnozy o stanie technicznym tego rodzaju silników spalinowych
    Autorzy:
    Girtler, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/134152.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
    Tematy:
    diagnostics
    reliability
    semi-Markov process
    diesel engine
    statistics
    diagnosed system
    diagnosing system
    diagnostic system
    osady wewnętrzne we wtryskiwaczach paliwa
    silniki z zapłonem samoczynnym
    układ wtrysku paliwa
    Opis:
    The paper presents semi-Markov models of technical state transitions for diesel engines, useful for determining the reliability of engines. A possibility of application of a three-state model with a simplified matrix function, or even a two-state model, to determine reliability of the engines, has been described herein on examples of known from literature semi-Markov models, for the case when appropriate diagnosing systems (SDG) are used to identify the technical condition of the engines considered as diagnosed systems (SDN). A risk function and a renewal (restitution) function have been proposed for developing a two-state model of engine state transitions. An opportunity for considering the reliability of diagnosis for making operational decisions by applying the statistical decision theory, has also been presented. Conditional probability P(si/Ki) is recognized as a measure of reliability of diagnosis.
    W artykule przestawiono semimarkowskie modele zmian stanów technicznych silników o zapłonie samoczynnym, przydatne do określenia niezawodności tych silników. Wykazano, na przykładzie znanych z literatury modeli semimarkowskich, że do określenia niezawodności tych silników możliwe jest zastosowanie modelu trójstanowego o uproszczonej macierzy funkcyjnej, a nawet modelu dwustanowego, przy zastosowaniu odpowiednich systemów diagnozujących (SDG) do identyfikacji stanu technicznego wspomnianych silników jako systemów diagnozowanych (SDN). Do opracowania dwustanowego modelu zmian stanów silników zaproponowano wykorzystanie funkcji ryzyka i funkcji intensywności odnowy (restytucji). Przedstawiono także możliwość uwzględnienia wiarygodności diagnozy przy podejmowaniu decyzji eksploatacyjnych w sytuacji zastosowania statystycznej teorii decyzji. Za miarę wiarygodności diagnozy przyjęto prawdopodobieństwo warunkowe P(si/Ki).
    Źródło:
    Combustion Engines; 2015, 54, 4; 57-66
    2300-9896
    2658-1442
    Pojawia się w:
    Combustion Engines
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Operation evaluation method for marine turbine combustion engines in terms of energetics
    Autorzy:
    Dzida, M.
    Girtler, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/259307.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
    Tematy:
    work
    Hamilton work
    Maupertius work
    energy
    turbine combustion engine
    Opis:
    An evaluation proposal (quantitative determination) of any combustion turbine engine operation has been presented , wherein the impact energy occurs at a given time due to Energy conversion. The fact has been taken into account that in this type of internal combustion engines the energy conversion occurs first in the combustion chambers and in the spaces between the blade of the turbine engine. It was assumed that in the combustion chambers occurs a conversion of chemical energy contained in the fuel-air mixture to the internal energy of the produced exhaust gases. This form of energy conversion has been called heat. It was also assumed that in the spaces between the blades of the rotor turbine, a replacement occurs of part of the internal energy of the exhaust gas, which is their thermal energy into kinetic energy conversion of its rotation. This form of energy conversion has been called the work. Operation of the combustion engine has been thus interpreted as a transmission of power receivers in a predetermined time when there the processing and transfer in the form (means) of work and heat occurs. Valuing the operation of this type of internal combustion engines, proposed by the authors of this article, is to determine their operation using physical size, which has a numerical value and a unit of measurement called joule-second [joule x second]. Operation of the combustion turbine engine resulting in the performance of the turbine rotor work has been presented, taking into account the fact that the impeller shaft is connected to the receiver, which may be a generator (in the case of one-shaft engine) or a propeller of the ship (in the case of two or three shaft engine).
    Źródło:
    Polish Maritime Research; 2016, 4; 67-72
    1233-2585
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Maritime Research
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Four-state stochastic model of changes in the reliability states of a motor vehicle
    Model stochastyczny czterostanowy zmian stanów niezawodnościowych samochodu
    Autorzy:
    Girtler, J.
    Ślęzak, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1366153.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Polskie Naukowo-Techniczne Towarzystwo Eksploatacyjne PAN
    Tematy:
    niezawodność
    proces semimarkowski
    samochód
    reliability
    semi-Markov process
    motor vehicle
    Opis:
    The properties of semi-Markov processes have been generally characterized and the applicability of the theory of such processes to the determining of the reliability of motor cars and other road vehicles has been explained. A formal description of the process of changes in the motor vehicle technical states considered as reliability states and a model of this process in the form of a one-dimensional stochastic process have been presented. The values of this process are the technical states of the motor vehicle in question that have significant practical importance. A four-state set of states interpreted as follows has been adopted: full (complete) serviceability, partial (incomplete) serviceability, task-limiting serviceability,and complete (total) unserviceability. Based on the initial distribution adopted and the functional matrix worked out, the boundary distribution of the process of changes in the technical (reliability) states of the motor vehicle has been defined. The probability of the vehicle being fully serviceable has been considered a measure of the vehicle reliability for a long period of vehicle operation. A possibility of defining the vehicle reliability in the form of a probability that a task would also be fulfilled by the vehicle being partially serviceable has also been indicated.
    W artykule scharakteryzowano ogólnie własności procesów semimarkowskich i uzasadniono możliwości ich zastosowania do określenia niezawodności samochodów i innych pojazdów drogowych. Przedstawiono formalny opis procesu zmian stanów technicznych samochodów uznanych za stany niezawodnościowe oraz model tego procesu w postaci jednowymiarowego procesu stochastycznego. Wartościami tego procesu są występujące w czasie eksploatacji stany techniczne samochodów, mające istotne znaczenie praktyczne. Przyjęto czterostanowy zbiór stanów o następującej interpretacji: stan zdatności pełnej (całkowitej), stan zdatności częściowej (niepełnej, niecałkowitej), stan niepełnej zdatności zadaniowej i stan niezdatności pełnej (całkowitej). Na podstawie przyjętego rozkładu początkowego i opracowanej macierzy funkcyjnej został określony rozkład graniczny procesu zmian stanów technicznych (niezawodnościowych) samochodu. Prawdopodobieństwo istnienia stanu zdatności pełnej (całkowitej) samochodu zostało uznane za miarę jego niezawodności w długim okresie czasu eksploatacji. Wskazano też na możliwość określenia niezawodności samochodu w formie prawdopodobieństwa, w którym uwzględniony został przypadek wykonania zadania przez samochód także wtedy, gdy znajduje się on w stanie zdatności częściowej.
    Źródło:
    Eksploatacja i Niezawodność; 2013, 15, 2; 156-160
    1507-2711
    Pojawia się w:
    Eksploatacja i Niezawodność
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Application of the theory of semi-Markov processes to the development of a reliability model of an automotive vehicle
    Zastosowanie teorii procesów semi-Markowa do opracowania modelu niezawodnościowego samochodu
    Autorzy:
    Girtler, J.
    Ślęzak, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1364785.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz. Przemysłowy Instytut Motoryzacji
    Tematy:
    niezawodność
    proces semimarkowski
    samochód
    automotive vehicle
    reliability
    semi-Markov process
    Opis:
    A possibility of applying the theory of semi-Markov (semimarkovian) processes to the description of the reliability of an automotive vehicle has been presented, with taking a passenger car as an example. In the car considered, such constructional systems (functional components) as engine with fuel, lube oil, and coolant feeding systems, clutch, gearbox, drive shaft, driving axle, steering and suspension system, braking system, electrical system, body with chassis, and measuring and monitoring equipment have been distinguished. A reliability model of the car has been developed in the form of a semi-Markov process, which is a single-state model. The set of reliability states has been built as consisting of one state of car serviceability and ten states of the functional components as specified above. A graph of changes in these states has been shown and an initial distribution and a functional matrix representing changes in the said reliability states of the car have been defined. Formulas have been derived that define the boundary distribution of the process of changes in the technical states of such a car. This distribution represents the probability of the car being serviceable and unserviceable due to a failure of any of the functional components mentioned above. The possibility of using statistics to estimate the probabilities of changes in the said car reliability states has been presented. A possibility of applying the theory of semi-Markov processes to the investigation of car reliability in the case of defining the instantaneous distribution of the process of changes in the car reliability states has also been mentioned.
    W artykule przedstawiono możliwość zastosowania teorii procesów semi-Markowa (semimarkowskich) do opisu niezawodności samochodu, na przykładzie samochodu osobowego. W rozważaniach uwzględniony został samochód, w którym wyróżniono takie węzły konstrukcyjne (zespoły funkcjonalne) jak: silnik z układami zasilania czynnikami energetycznymi (paliwem, olejem smarowym i cieczą chłodzącą), sprzęgło, skrzynia biegów, wał napędowy, most napędowy, zespół kierowniczy z zawieszeniem, zespół hamulcowy, zespół urządzeń elektrycznych, nadwozie wraz z podwoziem i zespół urządzeń kontrolno-pomiarowych. Opracowano model niezawodnościowy samochodu w formie procesu semimarkowskiego, który jest modelem jedenastostanowym. Do zbioru stanów niezawodnościowych samochodu zakwalifikowano stan zdatności samochodu oraz dziesięć stanów niezdatności wymienionych zespołów funkcjonalnych. Przedstawiono graf zmian tych stanów oraz określono rozkład początkowy i macierz funkcyjną odwzorowującą zmiany wymienionych stanów niezawodnościowych samochodu. Wyprowadzone zostały wzory określające rozkład graniczny procesu zmian stanów technicznych takiego samochodu. Rozkład ten stanowią prawdopodobieństwa przebywania samochodu w stanie zdatności oraz w stanach niezdatności wskutek uszkodzenia dowolnego z wymienionych jego zespołów funkcjonalnych. Przedstawiono możliwość zastosowania statystyki do oszacowania prawdopodobieństw zmiany wspominanych stanów niezawodnościowych samochodu. Zasygnalizowano także możliwość zastosowania teorii procesów semimarkowskich do badań niezawodności samochodów w przypadku opracowania rozkładu chwilowego procesu zmian ich stanów niezawodnościowych.
    Źródło:
    Archiwum Motoryzacji; 2012, 2; 15-27
    1234-754X
    2084-476X
    Pojawia się w:
    Archiwum Motoryzacji
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Analysis of catalitic reactors usefulness to reduce pollution generated by piston combustion engines with regard to ship main engines
    Autorzy:
    Zielińska, E.
    Girtler, J.
    Lejda, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/260376.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
    Tematy:
    ship engine
    catalytic reactor
    catalytic reactor efficiency
    harmful compounds
    Opis:
    The article presents results which indicate that the use of catalytic reactors to reduce emissions of harmful compunds contained in the exhaust gas is important in the operation of vehicle motors operation. Efforts of the shipbuilding industry to reduce the toxicity of exhaust gas emitted by the main engines have been indicated and pointed to the desirability of the use of these catalysts in maritime transport. It has been pointed out that studies of the harmful substances in exhaust gases performer at vehicle inspection stations have an impact on increasing the safety of drivers and other road users and contribute to preserving the natural environment by reducing the danger coming from cars operating on Polish roads. An opinion has been expressed that the most serious threats to the environment are emitted by car transport exhaust fumes, which are characterized by significant emission of toxic compounds excreted into the atmosphere from tailpipe emissions. It has been demonstrated that a fully functioning catalytic reactor, operating in a steady state at appropriate temperatures and the composition of the mixture close to stoichiometric ratio, can reduce emissions of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides by more than 90%. Also, an assessment has been presented reporting the efficiency of catalytic reactors of spark ignition engines operating in a test vehicle inspection station. The results of research in the evaluation of their performance were correlated with their operation waveforms. Such an approach is justified by the fact that during the operation of each vehicle the wear of its assemblies and components is different – including the catalytic reactor. The catalytic layer undergoes aging so that there are changes in the structure and chemical composition of the catalyst bed, while the overlapping of layers of different chemical compounds that block access to the active layer of the reactor. An opinion has also been expressed that it would be advisable to take steps to use research results presented in this article for research of catalytic reactors similar use in diagnostic systems of marine combustion engines, especially the main ones, which exhaust emissions are incomparably greater than in the case of car engines.
    Źródło:
    Polish Maritime Research; 2017, 1; 81-87
    1233-2585
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Maritime Research
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Operational problems of large power diesel engines combusting biofuels, considered together with assessment of their operation
    Autorzy:
    Girtler, J.
    Korczewski, Z.
    Mańczak, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/259277.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
    Tematy:
    biofuel
    operation
    engine about automatic ignition
    expendable
    Opis:
    In this paper the problem is discussed of supplying high power diesel engines with biofuels in the aspect of consequences which occurr during their operation. Attention was paid to advantages and difficulties associated with application of biofuels to self-ignition engines. A relevant research problem was characterized and research targets were proposed to make it possible to most favourably shape energy merits of the engines. Special attention was given to wear process of such engines and their failures resulting from application of biofuels. The following problems were also considered: calcium carbonate sedimentation, closing graphite platelets in structure of cylider bearing surface and surface defects of piston rings made of aluminium bronze. It was demonstrated that to assess operation of the engines is possible under the assumption that in a valuating approach their operation can be compared to a physical quantity represented numerically and measured with the use of the joule*sec unit. Conclusions resulting from the domestic and foreign investigations on power and reliability of such engines were also presented.
    Źródło:
    Polish Maritime Research; 2010, 2; 36-43
    1233-2585
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Maritime Research
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    On the possible increasing of efficiency of ship power plant with the system combined of marine Diesel engine, gas turbine and steam turbine in case of main engine cooperation with the gas turbine fed in series and the steam turbine
    Autorzy:
    Dzida, M.
    Girtler, J.
    Dzida, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/258820.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
    Tematy:
    ship power plants
    combined systems
    diesel engine
    gas turbine
    steam turbine
    Opis:
    The article presents a concept of a combined large power ship propulsion system consisting of the leading Diesel main engine, associated with a power gas turbine and the steam turbine system which utilise the energy contained in the exhaust gas leaving the Diesel engine. In the examined variant of the combined system the power turbine is fed in series with the exhaust gas. A calculation algorithm is given along with the results of calculations of particular subsystems of: the turbocharging system, the power gas turbine, and the steam turbine cycle. Assumptions and limits adopted in the calculations are presented. Selected system parameters were confronted with the results of experimental investigations available in the literature. The power optimisation of the entire combined ship power plant was only performed taking into account the thermodynamic point of view, leaving aside technical and economic aspects. Numerical calculations were performed for the 52 MW low-speed Diesel engine produced by Wärtsilä.
    Źródło:
    Polish Maritime Research; 2009, 3; 26-31
    1233-2585
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Maritime Research
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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