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Wyświetlanie 1-7 z 7
Tytuł:
Mild Method to Synthesize TATB by Amination of 1,3,5-Trialkoxy-2,4,6-Trinitrobenzene under Phase Transfer Catalysis Conditions
Autorzy:
Chang, T.
Li, B.
Chen, L.
Ge, L.
Lu, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358103.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
TATB
phase transfer catalysis
atmospheric amination reaction
Opis:
Nucleophilic amination, as a vital step in the synthesis of 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB) using 1,3,5-trialkoxy-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TORTNB) and aqueous ammonia as the starting materials and catalyzed by phase transfer catalysis (PTCs) under mild conditions is described. Various phase transfer catalysts, such as crown ethers, tertiary amines, quaternary ammonium salts, poly ethers and cyclodextrin, and various experimental parameters, such as no. of equivalents of PTC, mole ratio of ammonium hydroxide to the starting material, reaction time, reaction temperature and cycle times of the organic phase were investigated. The crown ethers, especially 18-crown-6, show good catalytic activity and re-usability for the amination of 1,3,5-triethoxy-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene giving a yield of 96.52%. This makes for a safe process and suitable for scale-up, because the reactions are carried out under atmospheric conditions. The material synthesised by the new system was characterized by DSC, SEM and LPS.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2017, 14, 1; 47-59
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kinetics of flotation. Order of process, rate constant distribution and ultimate recovery
Autorzy:
Bu, X.
Xie, G.
Peng, Y.
Ge, L.
Ni, C.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/110034.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
kinetic mode
kinetic order
rate constant distribution
ultimate recovery
overfitting
Opis:
Kinetic models can be used to characterize the flotation process. In this paper, three primary parameters, namely, distribution of flotation rate constant f(K), order of flotation process n and ultimate recovery R∞ are presented to perform analysis of flotation kinetics. The flotation rate constant f(K) is a function of both the size and hydrophobicity of particles. Though the more commonly used distributions are Delta function as well as Rectangular, Kelsall and Gamma models, there is no agreement in the literature as to which distribution function better characterize the floatability distribution. The first-order models can be used to describe most mineral flotation processes, while there is also evidence that the non-integral-order equation is capable of representing the kinetic characteristics of the batch flotation process. The order is lower than 1 in the initial moments of the flotation process. The solution of ultimate recovery calculated by the least squares method is greater than 100% (R∞ >100%). An empirical model was proposed to avoid the improper phenomenon in the solution of ultimate recovery, which can improve the availability and validity of kinetic models. Finally, more attention should be paid to the overfitting resulting from the increase in the number of parameters in the statistical analysis of kinetic models.
Źródło:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing; 2017, 53, 1; 342-365
1643-1049
2084-4735
Pojawia się w:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Retention, recovery and recycling of metal values from high alloyed Steel slags
Retencja, odzysk i recycling metalu z żużli wysokostopowych stali
Autorzy:
Teng, L. D.
Seetharaman, S.
Nzotta, M.
Dong, P. D.
Ge, H. L.
Wang, L. J.
Wang, H. J.
Chychko, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/353318.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
retencja
odzysk
recykling
żużel
stal chromowa
odwęglanie
retention
recovery
recycling
slag
chromium steel
decarburization
Opis:
The work was carried out in four parallel directions. The thermodynamic activities of oxides of Cr in steel slags were determined by slag-gas equilibration technique. The ratio of Cr2+/Cr3+ in CaO-MgO(-FeO)-AlO3-SiO2-CrO× system slags was measured by X-ray absorption near edge spectra (XANES). High-temperature mass spectrometry method was also used to obtain the distribution of chromium oxides. A mathematical correlation was established for estimating the ratio of Cr2+/Cr3+ as a function of temperature, partial pressure of oxygen and slag basicity. Laboratory investigations of the decarburization of high alloy steels under controlled oxygen potentials have been carried out to retain Cr in the steel phase. A mathematical model has been developed for the decarburization process with controlled oxygen partial pressure. Experimental and theoretical investigations have been carried out in optimizing the Mo-additions to steel in the EAF practice in Uddeholm Tooling AB. Substantial saving of Mo as well as less emissions of Mo-bearing dust are indicated in the study. A salt extraction process was developed to extract the metal values from steel slags. Successful extractions, followed by electrolysis indicate that this could be a viable route towards recovery of metals from metallurgical slags.
Praca była realizowana w czterech równoległych kierunkach. Termodynamiczne aktywności tlenków Cr w żużlu zostały określone w stanie równowagi żużel-gaz. Stosunek Cr2+/Cr3+ w żużlach CaO-MgO-(-FeO)-AlO3-SiO2-CrOx mierzono metodą absorpcji promieniowania rentgenowskiego w pobliżu krawędzi widm (XANES). W celu uzyskania rozdziału tlenków chromu wykorzystano wysokotemperaturową spektrometrię masową. Korelację matematyczną ustalono do oceny stosunku Cr2+/Cr3+, jako funkcji temperatury, ciśnienia parcjalnego tlenu i zasadowości żużla. Badania laboratoryjne odwęglania stali wysokostopowych, kontrolowanego przez potencjał tlenowy przeprowadzono, aby pozostawić Cr w stali. Model matematyczny został opracowany dla procesu odwęglania z kontrolą parcjalnego ciśnienia tlenu. Eksperymentalne i teoretyczne badania zostały przeprowadzone przez optymalizację dodatku Mo do stali w procesie EAF w Uddeholm Tooling AB. Znaczne oszczędności Mo, a także mniejsza emisja pyłu zawierającego Mo są wskazane w badaniu. Proces ekstrakcji soli został stworzony, aby wyodrębnić metal z żużli stalowniczych. Udane ekstrakcje, a następnie elektrolizy, wskazują, że mogłaby to być opłacalna droga do odzysku metali z żużli metalurgicznych.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2010, 55, 4; 1097-1104
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Multiple Frequency Ultrasounds Assisted Oil Sands Separation Technology
Autorzy:
Liao, K.
Ge, J.
Zhang, G.
Fu, L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/177718.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
multiple frequency ultrasounds
cavitation effect
oil sands separation
synergistic effect
Opis:
Ultrasound has a wide range of applications in oil sands separation industry due to its green and nopolluting characteristics. The combined ultrasounds technology has been widely used in many industries by virtue of the synergistic effect of cavitation effect; meanwhile, dual-frequency ultrasounds have been reported being used in lotion oil sands technology. Based on this idea, this study focuses on the application of multiple frequency ultrasounds in oil sands separation, and a comparative study has been conducted between the combined ultrasounds systems with the difference in the number of the ultrasound. The results show that the oil production rate of the samples treated by the lotion of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) and assisted by multiple frequency ultrasounds (96%) is significantly higher than that of the single frequency ultrasound (76%); the bigger the number of the ultrasound participating in the combination is, the higher the oil production rate of the oil sands is; the lower the frequency of the ultrasounds employed in the combined system is, the higher the oil production rate is. The optimum treating conditions for tri-frequency ultrasounds assisted technology are as follow: the treating time is 10-15 min, the treating temperature is 20-30°C, the concentration of surfactant in the lotion is 1.5 g/l, and the mass ratio of the lotion to oil sands is 1.8. In short, the use of multiple frequency ultrasounds can improve the oil production rate of oil sands, reduce the energy consumption during the separation process, and reduce the environmental contamination; therefore, multiple frequency ultrasounds assisted oil sands separation technology is a promising technology for oil sands resources exploitation with high efficiency.
Źródło:
Archives of Acoustics; 2017, 42, 4; 767-773
0137-5075
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Acoustics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
On the possibility to use molluscs in radioecological monitoring of freshwater ecosystems
Autorzy:
Stadnychenko, A.P.
Melnichenko, R.K.
Janowicz, L.M.
Kiriczuk, G.E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/84324.pdf
Data publikacji:
2002
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika. Wydział Biologii i Ochrony Środowiska. Stowarzyszenie Malakologów Polskich
Źródło:
Folia Malacologica; 2002, 10, 1
1506-7629
Pojawia się w:
Folia Malacologica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effects of silicon and calcium application on growth, yield and fruit quality parameters of cucumber established in a sodic soil
Autorzy:
González-Terán, G.E.
Gómez-Merino, F.C.
Trejo-Téllez, L.I.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/12714269.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Lublinie. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczego w Lublinie
Opis:
Soil salinity is a growing problem that affects crop quality. Cucumber is a vegetable eaten fresh, with great worldwide demand, making its chemical and physical characteristics important. In the present work, the effects of foliar application of silicon (Si: 0 and 2 mM), calcium (Ca: 0 and 2 mM), and the combination of both (Si + Ca: 0 + 0 mM, 2 + 0 mM, 0 + 2 mM and 2 + 2 mM) on dry matter of leaves and stems, yield and fruit quality of cucumbers grown in a sodic soil were studied. Treatments did not affect dry biomass, yield and product size. The obtained results show that applying foliar Ca increases total soluble solids in comparison to the control. Foliar Si application significantly increased fruit firmness in the end towards the peduncle. Moreover, foliar Ca application increased the fruit hue angle (intense green), while foliar Si application increased chroma (dark green), both significantly regarding the control. The individual applications of Si and Ca were proven to differentially improve the fruit quality parameters of cucumber in sodic soil conditions.
Źródło:
Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus; 2020, 19, 3; 149-158
1644-0692
Pojawia się w:
Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Chemical constituents of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) methanol leaf extract and its effect on selected enzymes of Periplaneta americana
Autorzy:
Adeleke, G.E.
Adedosu, O.T.
Ehigie, L.
Adegbola, P.I.
Olaniyi, A.A.
Agoola, T.O.
Ehigie, A.F.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2096284.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
Eichhornia crassipes
spectroscopy
chromatography
Periplaneta americana
antioxidant enzymes
esterases
Opis:
Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) possesses several biological properties. Periplaneta americana (cockroach) is a household insect pest that can disseminate pathogens. The present study analyses the chemical constituents of water hyacinth leaf methanol extract and its in vitro effects on antioxidant and esterase enzymes in cockroaches. Water hyacinth methanol extract (WHME) was subjected to gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID). Crude enzyme preparations were obtained from nymph and adult cockroaches. In vitro effects of different concentrations (10–80 μg/ml) of WHME on superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and carboxylesterase (CE) in crude enzyme preparations were spectrophotometrically measured using cypermethrin (CYP) and chlorpyrifos (CPF) as reference insecticides. The GC-FID chromatogram of WHME showed the presence of gallic acid, para-hydroxybenzoic acid, eritosin, gentisic acid, catechin, protocatechuric acid, quercetin, and eugenol. The WHME and CPF reduced catalase in adults and SOD in nymphs, while CYP and CPF reduced SOD activity in the adults of P. americana. GST was significantly increased by WHME in both nymph and adult cockroaches. AChE was reduced by WHME, CYP, and CPF in nymphs, while CE was increased by WHME in nymphs and adults as compared to the control. In conclusion, our study indicates a high phenolic content in the water hyacinth leaf methanol extract, which increased the activities of the antioxidant enzymes AChE and CE in P. americana. The results also show that the efficacy and the mode by which the extracts could induce toxicity depend on the growth stage of the cockroach.
Źródło:
BioTechnologia. Journal of Biotechnology Computational Biology and Bionanotechnology; 2020, 101, 4; 323-336
0860-7796
Pojawia się w:
BioTechnologia. Journal of Biotechnology Computational Biology and Bionanotechnology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
    Wyświetlanie 1-7 z 7

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