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    Tytuł:
    Unikatowy zespół „pochówków” zwierzęcych z Grzybowa, gm. Staszów, woj. świętokrzyskie
    A unique complex of animal “burials” from Grzybów, Staszów Commune, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
    Autorzy:
    Garbacz, Krzysztof
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1205069.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
    Tematy:
    animal burials
    late Middle Ages
    burial of a child in a vessel
    pagan practices
    Opis:
    The author presents results of the research of a complex of animal “burials” discovered at a multicultural necropolis in Grzybów. During the research conducted in 1985-1990 12 “burials” and 7 so-called accompanying pits, dated to the 14th century on the basis of pottery, were excavated. These burials, most of which contained the remains of dogs, as well as a pig or boar, a goat, a cat, cattle and, in one case, a skeleton of a human foetus, are interpreted as the remains of an unspecified pagan ritual – a gathering during which collective consumption of animals took place. At the end of the ritual, bones and clay pots were thrown into deep pits containing traces of fires burnt at their bottoms or in their immediate vicinity.
    Źródło:
    Raport; 2017, 12; 123-145
    2300-0511
    Pojawia się w:
    Raport
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Kapliczki przydrożne z Nadrzecza. Studium historyczno-społeczne
    The wayside shrines of the Nadrzecze village. A historical and sociological study
    Autorzy:
    Garbacz, Krzysztof
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1927200.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
    Tematy:
    Nadrzecze
    Biłgoraj
    Lubelszczyzna
    kapliczki przydrożne
    kapliczki kłodowe
    Chrystus Frasobliwy
    Stefan Alwin
    Fundacja „Kresy 2000”
    Alicja i Stefan Szmidtowie
    Jerzy Duda-Gracz
    Lubelskie region
    wayside shrines
    log shrines
    Pensive Christ
    the “Borderlands 2000” (“Kresy 2000”) Foundation
    Alicja and Stefan Szmidt
    Opis:
    Nadrzecze – nieduża wieś położona w powiecie biłgorajskim – zainteresowało autora artykułu za sprawą fotografii z czasów II wojny światowej, przechowywanych w jego rodzinnym archiwum, a przedstawiających proces zbierania, suszenia i transportu ziół z suszarni w Nadrzeczu i Rapach Dylańskich do hurtowni „Społem” w Biłgoraju. Wśród tych zdjęć jedno przedstawiało starą drewnianą kapliczkę kłodową. Jego autorem, a także wielu innych zdjęć przedstawiających nieistniejący już pejzaż drewnianej wsi Nadrzecze, był poznański przyrodnik Stefan Alwin. Odkrywając historię tej i kolejnych nadrzeczańskich kapliczek, autor opisuje dramatyczne okoliczności ich budowy i urządzania w trakcie zaborów oraz późniejsze zabiegi o ich przetrwanie. Los kapliczek kłodowych splótł się z losem powojennych osiedleńców wsi Nadrzecze, wśród których w latach 90. XX w. znaleźli się aktorzy warszawskiego Teatru Polskiego i założyciele Fundacji „Kresy 2000”, Alicja i Stefan Szmidtowie. To za ich sprawą zabytkowe kapliczki kłodowe zostały uratowane przed zniszczeniem, a jedna z nich znalazła schronienie w nowo wybudowanej kaplicy, w której też znalazły miejsce obrazy Jerzego Dudy-Gracza z cyklu przedstawiającego Drogę Krzyżową.
    Nadrzecze – a small village located in the Biłgoraj district – has attracted the interest of the author of the article through a series of WWII-era photographs from his family archive, depicting the process of harvesting and drying of herbs and the transportation thereof from the drying plants in Nadrzecze and Rapy Dylańskie to the “Społem” wholesale outlet in Biłgoraj. One of these pictures showed an old shrine made of a hollowed-out wooden log. The author of this picture – as well as of many others portraying the landscape of the wooden village of Nadrzecze from the past – was Stefan Alwin, a naturalist from Poznań. In exploring the history of this and many other wayside shrines of Nadrzecze, the author describes the dramatic circumstances surrounding their construction during the period of the Partitions of Poland as well as the subsequent efforts to ensure their survival. Their fate became intertwined with that of the post-war settlers who came to live in Nadrzecze, among whom were Alicja and Stefan Szmidt, the actors from the Polish Theatre in Warsaw and the founders of the “Borderlands 2000” Foundation. It is due to their efforts that the old log shrines have been saved from oblivion, with one of them being relocated to a newly-built chapel, standing today among a cycle of paintings by Jerzy Duda-Gracz depicting the Way of the Cross.
    Źródło:
    Ochrona Zabytków; 2018, 1; 99-125
    0029-8247
    Pojawia się w:
    Ochrona Zabytków
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Zmienne losy starego cmentarza w Biłgoraju
    Changing history of the old cemetery in Biłgoraj
    Autorzy:
    Garbacz, Krzysztof
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/538775.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
    Tematy:
    Biłgoraj
    Lubelszczyzna
    domniemane grodzisko
    stary cmentarz
    cmentarz przykościelny
    nekropolia podmiejska
    lapidarium
    kamienne nagrobki
    józefowski ośrodek kamieniarski
    Lublin region
    old cemetery
    supposed hill fort
    church cemetery
    suburban necropolis
    tombstones
    Józefów stoneworking centre
    Opis:
    Zabytkowe cmentarze są świadectwem dziedziczonej z pokolenia na pokolenie pamięci o przodkach. Niestety, część z nich została w XX w. zdewastowana i ograbiona z wielu elementów kamiennej architektury nagrobnej. Do tej grupy założeń należy stary cmentarz w Biłgoraju, w województwie lubelskim, założony przed końcem XVIII w. Jego użytkowanie zakończono około 1880 r., ale prawne zamknięcie nastąpiło dopiero w 1959 r. W ciągu kilkudziesięciu lat pozbawiony opieki cmentarz uległ tak daleko posuniętej degradacji, że w 1982 r. zarejestrowano tylko trzy nieuszkodzone wolno stojące nagrobki kamienne; pozostałe przetrwały jedynie we fragmentach. Zniszczeniu uległa też część drzewostanu. W 1977 r. cmentarz został wpisany do rejestru zabytków, dziesięć lat później powstało założenie projektowe lapidarium. Próby ratowania biłgorajskiego cmentarza zbiegły się z czasem ogólnej dyskusji na temat stanu zachowania nekropolii w Polsce i szybko postępującego ich niszczenia, zarówno przez wandali, jak i wskutek decyzji władz administracyjnych, nakazujących likwidację tych już nieużytkowanych. Na przykładzie biłgorajskiego założenia autor starał się pokazać wieloletni proces powojennej destrukcji jednej z tych nekropolii, które bez uszczerbku przetrwały czasy okupacji hitlerowskiej.
    Old cemeteries are evidence of the memory about ancestors inherited throughout generations. Sadly, in the 20th century, some of them were devastated and robbed of many elements of stone tomb architecture. In this group is the old cemetery in Biłgoraj, Lublin Voivodeship, established in the late 18th century. Its use was discontinued ca. 1880. However, it was not legally closed until 1959. Within several decades, without care, the cemetery fell into such advanced degradation that in 1982 only three undamaged, free-standing tombstones were registered; others survived only in fragments. Some of the trees were destroyed as well. In 1977, the cemetery was entered into the register of historic sites; ten years later, the design of a lapidarium was created. Attempts to save the Biłgoraj cemetery coincided with general discussion on the state of conservation of necropolises in Poland and their quickly advancing degradation, both by vandals and as a result of decisions made by administrative authorities who order liquidation of the disused ones. On the example of the Biłgoraj complex, the author attempted to illustrate the years-long process of post-war destruction of one of these necropolises, which survived the period of Nazi occupation without harm.
    Źródło:
    Ochrona Zabytków; 2016, 2; 219-257
    0029-8247
    Pojawia się w:
    Ochrona Zabytków
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Zabytkowe figury – przykłady małej architektury sakralnej z województwa lubuskiego
    Autorzy:
    Garbacz, Krzysztof
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2007597.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Agencja Wydawnicza “PDN”
    Tematy:
    mała architektura sakralna
    zabytkowe figury
    województwo lubuskie
    Opis:
    Lubuskie należy do tych województw, na terenie których zachowały się liczne materialne ślady wielowiekowego dziedzictwa, reprezentującego różne tradycje kulturowe i religijne. Są to m.in. zamki, pałace, zabudowania mieszkalne, gospodarcze i przemysłowe, a także miejsca kultu religijnego – murowane, drewniane i ryglowe kościoły oraz kaplice. Do grupy zabytków o charakterze sakralnym należą także obiekty reprezentujące różne formy małej architektury sakralnej. Autor niniejszego artykułu niejednokrotnie spotykał tego typu obiekty podczas wędrówek z aparatem fotograficznym, związanych z przygotowaniem przewodnika po zabytkach architektury. Plonem tych wędrówek są m.in. zdjęcia kapliczek i krzyży, a przede wszystkim wolno stojących kamiennych figur Chrystusa, Matki Boskiej i niektórych świętych, osadzonych w otwartej przestrzeni miejscowości lubuskich, głównie przy drogach, mostach, w otoczeniu kościołów i na cmentarzach. Oczywiście zaprezentowane w niniejszym artykule figury nie przedstawiają wszystkich tego typu obiektów zabytkowych, znajdujących się na obszarze województwa lubuskiego. Autor wyraża nadzieję, że publikacja w drugiej części artykułu katalogu figur zachęci innych autorów do jego uzupełnienia o wszystkie kategorie obiektów zaliczanych do małej architektury sakralnej.
    Źródło:
    Adhibenda; 2016, III; 41-134
    2391-6109
    Pojawia się w:
    Adhibenda
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Włodzimierza Rulikowskiego albumy pamięci (fragmenty książki)
    Autorzy:
    Garbacz, Krzysztof
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2029463.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Agencja Wydawnicza “PDN”
    Tematy:
    Włodzimierz Rulikowski
    Białaczów
    Stary Gołębin
    Opis:
    This happened around 2010 during one of my visits to my family home in Biłgoraj. Looking through the old mementos, I came across an album with numerous old photographs depicting, among other things, manor houses, palaces and their owners with their families from Greater Poland. Some photos were taken in Szwajcaria Kaszubska and at the Baltic Sea. The prints showed the surnames and the names of the places where the photographs were taken. However, there was no information about the photographer and the owner of the album. But inside the album, I found two loose pages with photographs and a letter sent by the Society of bee-keepers from Bucharest to Włodzimierz Rulikowski, living in chateau de Poturzyn. One of these photographs depicts him together with other participants of the Bucharest conference. After familiarizing myself with the album, I began working on identifying the places shown on the prints, gathering information about the manor houses and the people who were captured by an unknown photographer. Several years passed. In December 2015, my cousin Anna Dąbrowska died in Celestynów near Otwock. She left a number of mementos, including numerous letters and photographs. A few months later, Magdalena Maszewska, who organized the documents of the deceased, sent me an old cardboard suitcase containing several photograph albums which she found in the attic of my cousin’s house. The albums included photographs and documents which seemed to be connected with the above-mentioned Włodzimierz Rulikowski from Poturzyn, where my grandmother’s uncle was a property administrator. The entire collection of the Poturzyn mementos consists of four photograph albums with 166 pages of photographs, postcards, business cards, letters, tickets, hotel adverts etc. In addition, the collection includes 6 loose pages with photographs and letters connected with the trips of the owner of Poturzyn (a multi-hectare landed estate) to Algeria and Romania. He travelled there on business as an agronomy engineer.
    Źródło:
    Adhibenda; 2018, 5; 31-55
    2391-6109
    Pojawia się w:
    Adhibenda
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Rozważania archeologa Edwarda Dąbrowskiego o profesorze Józefie Kostrzewskim
    Archaeologist Edward Dąbrowski’s deliberations about Professor Józef Kostrzewski
    Autorzy:
    Garbacz, Krzysztof
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2035008.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Agencja Wydawnicza “PDN”
    Tematy:
    Archeolog Edward Dąbrowski
    Józef Kostrzewski
    Opis:
    The archaeologist Edward Dąbrowski (1921-2007) was a very important person for the scientific circles of the Środkowe Nadodrze. His professional and private life was connected with this land in the 1950s. First, he came to Międzyrzecze, and then to Zielona Góra. He actively participated in shaping modern museum studies and scientific thought in the so-called Recovered Territories. In the first part of the article, the author briefly presented a scientific biography of Edward Dąbrowski, then a biography of his master – an outstanding Polish archaeologist Professor Józef Kostrzewski (1885-1969). The second part constitutes the recording of the conversation about Professor Kostrzewski which was held by Krzysztof Garbacz with the archaeologist of Zielona Góra in March 2001. E. Dąbrowski presented the professor primarily as a teacher and a tutor of students and young researchers.
    Źródło:
    Adhibenda; 2019, 6; 27-45
    2391-6109
    Pojawia się w:
    Adhibenda
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Los rodziny Antoniego Mysakowskiego w pierwszym roku Wielkiej Wojny
    The history of the family of Antoni Mysakowski in the first year of the Great War
    Autorzy:
    Garbacz, Krzysztof
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/535902.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
    Tematy:
    Wielka Wojna
    I wojna światowa
    Antoni Mysakowski
    Janina Mysakowska
    Franciszek Stachnik
    Eugenia Dominiowa
    Biłgoraj
    Huta Krzeszowska
    Nowiny
    Zawadki
    Lubelszczyzna
    Syberia
    the Great War
    World War I
    the Lublin Land
    Siberia
    Opis:
    For the author of this publication, the hundredth anniversary of the outbreak of World War I became an opportunity to look at its first dozen moths in the south of the Lublin Land in the context of both military activities and the fate of civilians on the example of the family of the exiled Antoni Mysakowski, an organist from Huta Krzeszowska. The article was written on the basis of available publications referring to military activities in that area as well as unpublished family archives from early 20th century. The sources comprise the letters and documents confirming the imprisonment of Antoni Mysakowski by Russians in 1914 and his exile to Siberia, as well as parts of the diary of his daughter Janina, containing, among others, short reports from the front and its back-up in the territory of the southern Lublin Land – the places where she stayed with her family at that time. As the registers of births, marriages and deaths specify, the family of Antoni Mysakowski was connected with the Lublin Land from at least the 18th century, initially with the region of Chełm and Krasnystaw. Jan Mysakowski, the grandfather of the author of the diary, came with his family to Huta Krzeszowska which, at that time, was located in the district of Biłgoraj, around 1880. Their son, Antoni, spent many years in Huta with his wife, Stanisława nee Nowakowska. In 1894, their daughter, Janina, was born there. When the war broke out, Janina Mysakowska stayed in the area of Zwierzyniec and Szczebrzeszyn. When she stayed in the forester’s lodge in Nowiny near Nielisz, she found herself in the area of fights between the Austrian 4th Army of General Moritz von Auffenberg and the Russian 5th Army of General Pavel von Plehve. At that time, between 26 August and 2 September 1914, there was a great battle, referred to as the Battle of Komarów. Janina recollects the fights of 28 August. At that time, Eugenia Dominiowa nee Aleksiewicz (1872-1917), the wife of a clerk employed with a local sugar factory lived in Klemensów, where ordinate Zamoyski had his residence. In her diary, she described the military activities in Klemensów and in other places in the southern Lublin Land. Parts of that diary were published in 1938 in “Teka Zamojska”. Antoni Mysakowski’s family, staying in the area of Szczebrzeszyn, did not know his fate or the fate of other inhabitants of Huta Krzeszowska after the Austrians had marched into the area. It was only after her return home in 1914, when the Austro-Hungarian army was forced behind the San, that Janina got to know that her father had accepted the Austrians’ proposal to take over the post of a head of the village and, as a result, he was arrested by Russians. Janina described briefly the situation in Huta, where Russian troops were deployed permanently, she mentioned the fights by the San river which lasted over three weeks, until the Russians had crossed the river. At that time, the situation of Antoni Mysakowski, which was subject to military jurisdiction, was dramatic. After the proceedings conducted in April 1915 in the Dęblin Fortress, he was brought to the prison in Lublin, from where he was to be exiled. Some of the letters addressed to him, as well as the notes of his daughter Janina, were written in that period. After his departure, Antoni lost contact with his closest family remaining in the Lublin Land – his ailing parents, his wife, exhausted with pregnancy and labour, and all his children, of which one died when he was in prison. In May and June 1915, there were fierce fights in the region of Nisko between the Austro-Hungarian and Russian forces. Janina recollects them in some parts of her diary written in Huta Krzeszowska. The Austrian-German forces which, at the beginning of May 1915 began their offensive in Galicia and managed to break off the Russian front near Gorlice, forced the Tsar’s forces to withdraw from the territory of the Kingdom of Poland. In the territories which the Russian army was leaving, the evacuation of civilians began. During the evacuation, which comprised the inhabitants of eastern provinces, not only the state property, Russian offices and officials with their family were taken away. There were cases of mass expelling of people from villages and towns and destroying everything that could not be taken to Russia. The expelled civilians were exiled to Russia. Janina writes about it in her diary. The following pages of the diary describe the war-time experiences of the family, written from the end of June 1915 during the stay at the forester’s lodge in Nowiny near Nielisz. For the second time, Janina had to spend dramatic days under the rain of gun and cannon bullets. She writes about the fights of enemy armies, in this case, from the position of Austro-Hungarian and German armies fighting with Russian forces. The offensive of the allied forces under the command of General Mackensen ended at the end of July and resulted in defeating the Third Russian Army in the territories to the south of Lublin. Another stop during the wartime journey of Janina Mysakowska and her family was a village Zawadki near Susiec, where, among others, her grandfather, Jan Nowakowski, stayed. The author of the diary gives a brief account of the news from the front. Some of the information was brought by Austrian soldiers, who were still deployed in Zawadki as late as in September 1915. At the end of August, those exiled to Russia began to return, among others, to Huta Krzeszowska and other places near Biłgoraj. They were those who stayed behind the Bug River, in Volhynia, that is, the closest to the area they lived in. More people began to return as late as in mid-September, mainly those from the Lublin Land and those who were relatively close to the home country. Those who were taken far into Russia either died of hunger and epidemics or returned later, since they had to travel longer distances. In October 1915, after wandering during the war for several months, Janina with her family returned to Huta Krzeszowska. In 1918, the mother, Stanisława, died after a long illness and, two years later, a chronic disease resulted in the death of the author of the diary. Antoni Mysakowski, expelled to Siberia, settled in a small village Prospichina near Achinsk. As his situation was dramatic, he was helped by one of the organizations active in Russia – the Central Citizens’ Committee. His return to the homeland became possible as late as in September 1923. After that, he lived for 25 years, since he died in 1948 in Biłgoraj. He was buried in a local parish cemetery, near the place where, years before, his wife and daughter, the author of the diary, had been buried. The family of Antoni Mysakowski was one of hundreds Polish families which experienced trauma during the Great War. Presenting their history in the light of the war-time events was possible mainly thanks to preserved family documents and the recollections of Jadwiga, one of Antoni’s younger daughters, who died a short time ago.
    Źródło:
    Ochrona Zabytków; 2015, 1; 43-75
    0029-8247
    Pojawia się w:
    Ochrona Zabytków
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    WINNICE I DOMKI WINIARSKIE W KRAJOBRAZIE KULTUROWYM ZIELONEJ GÓRY
    VINEYARDS AND WINESHOPS IN THE CULTURAL LANDSCAPE OF ZIELONA GÓRA
    Autorzy:
    Garbacz, Krzysztof
    Jackiewicz, Anna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/537191.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2006
    Wydawca:
    Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
    Tematy:
    CULTURAL LANDSCAPE
    VINEYARDS & WINESHOPS (ZIELONA GÓRA)
    Opis:
    The area around Zielona Góra is regarded as the most northerly wine making region in the world. The development of vine cultivation was determined by an exceptionally favourable climate and a hilly terrain, specially its sunny southern slopes. The tradition of vine growing in Zielona Góra goes back to the Middle Ages and is confirmed by a note from 1314. At the end of the nineteenth century vine cultivation started to decline, a process which went on in the following century. The area of the vineyards dropped considerably from 1400 hectares during the 1860s to a mere 110 hectares in 1937. The last local wine producer went bankrupt at the end of 1990s. Today, wine production in Zielona Góra is being revived thanks to the initiative of associations created by numerous growers, planning new vineyards in the region of the town. An inseparable element of the landscape of Zielona Góra were wineshops built on the plantations. The first such objects appeared in the eighteenth century as typically utilitarian wooden sheds and bowers. Brick houses were erected in the nineteenth century, and in 1865 they totalled 697. Residential and farm buildings, frequently featuring original architecture, survived to the early twentieth century. Today only several examples are extant. The house on 'Winne Wzgórze' is a brick edifice from 1818, surrounded by a vineyard and at present encircled with a glassed-in construction - the Palm House, which functions as a cafe. Several other objects, ensconced among contemporary city buildings, come from the first half of the nineteenth century. Unique objects include the so-called wineshop tower from Budachow (today: in the ethnographic Skansen in Ochla near Zielona Góra). The eighteenth- century two-storey building with an attic is covered by means of a hip roof. A chapel whose history dates back to 1314 was raised to commemorate the victims of a plague epidemic which took the lives of 700 residents of the 'town of wine'. During the nineteenth century the chapel fulfilled the function of a wineshop. The landscape of Zielona Góra no longer features so-called 'naboty' - charming buildings erected on a regular polygonal ground plan and covered with a roof resembling a dome. The major part of the outfitting of the houses, including tools used for growing vine and equipment for the processing of the fruit, has also not been preserved. Scarce surviving examples can be seen at permanent exhibitions held by the Lubuska Land Museum and the Ethnographic Museum in Ochla.
    Źródło:
    Ochrona Zabytków; 2006, 4; 71-87
    0029-8247
    Pojawia się w:
    Ochrona Zabytków
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Przeróbka plastyczna tytanu Grade2 metodą wyciskania hydrostatycznego
    Plastic working of titanium Grade2 using hydrostatic extrusion method
    Autorzy:
    Topolski, Krzysztof
    Garbacz, Halina
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/211821.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Obróbki Plastycznej
    Tematy:
    wyciskanie hydrostatyczne
    tytan
    nanostruktura
    właściwości mechaniczne
    hydrostatic extrusion
    titanium
    nanostructure
    mechanical properties
    Opis:
    Wyciskanie hydrostatyczne (WH) należy do technologii przeróbki plastycznej i jest specyficzną odmianą wyciskania współbieżnego. Metody wyciskania współbieżnego są używane głównie do wytwarzania produktów podłużnych pełnych lub wydrążonych o różnych profilach przekroju poprzecznego. Prezentowane w tej pracy wyciskanie hydrostatyczne dotyczy tytanu Grade2 oraz prętów o przekroju kołowym. Wyniki licznych badań dowiodły, że odkształcanie różnych metali metodą WH umożliwia rozdrobnienie ziarna oraz istotne umocnienie. Generalnie stwierdzono, że metoda WH pozwala wytwarzać metale o strukturach nanoziarnistych oraz ultradrobnoziarnistych. Celem pracy była ocena możliwości zastosowania metody wyciskania hydrostatycznego do przeróbki plastycznej tytanu Grade2. Scharakteryzowano metodę WH oraz wykazano jej duży potencjał w kontekście przeróbki tytanu Grade2. W pracy przedstawiono i omówiono cztery przykładowe, niezależne procesy technologiczne wyciskania hydro-statycznego tytanu. Zaprezentowano wyniki badań strukturalnych oraz właściwości mechaniczne uzyskanych produktów. Wyniki dowiodły, iż stosując technologię WH, możliwe jest uzyskanie w tytanie Grade2 struktury nanoziarnistej o średniej wielkości ziaren w przedziale 50–70 nm. Jednocześnie zaobserwowano istotne umocnienie wyciskanego materiału wyrażone wzrostem granicy plastyczności, wytrzymałości na rozciąganie oraz twardości. Uzyskany nanoziarnisty tytan charakteryzował się właściwościami mechanicznymi porównywalnymi z właściwościami stopu tytanu Ti6Al4V. Ponadto, w prezentowanej pracy potwierdzono, że można wyprodukować lity i objętościowy nanoziarnisty Ti w formie prętów o różnych średnicach, tzn. że możliwe jest skalowanie średnicy wsadu i produktu.
    Hydrostatic extrusion (HE) belongs to the technology of plastic working, and is a specific variation of direct extrusion. Direct extrusion methods are mainly used to produce oblong solid or hollow products with different transverse-section profiles. The hydrostatic extrusion presented in this paper concerns titanium Grade2 and rods with a circular transverse section. The results of numerous studies have shown that the deformation of various metals by the HE method enables grain refinement and significant strengthening. Generally, it was found, that the HE method makes it possible to manufacture metals having nanograined and ultrafinegrained structures. The aim of the work was to evaluate the possibilities of using the hydrostatic extrusion method for plastic working of titanium Grade2. The HE method was characterized and its great potential in the context of processing Ti Grade2 was demonstrated. In this paper, four exemplary, independent technological processes of the hydrostatic extrusion of titanium were presented and discussed. The results of our structural research and tests of the mechanical properties of the products obtained were presented. Those results proved that, using HE technology, it is possible to obtain in titanium Grade2 a nanograined structure characterized by an average grain size of 50–70 nm. At the same time, a significant strengthening of the extruded material was observed, expressed by an increase in yield strength, tensile strength and hardness. The obtained nanograined titanium was characterized by mechanical properties comparable to that of titanium Ti6Al4V alloy. Moreover, in the presented work it was confirmed that it is possible to produce solid and bulk nanograined Ti in the form of rods of different diameters i.e. that is possible to scale up the diameter of the billet and the product.
    Źródło:
    Obróbka Plastyczna Metali; 2019, 30, 1; 47-64
    0867-2628
    Pojawia się w:
    Obróbka Plastyczna Metali
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Copper sulphosalts in early metallurgy (2600-1900 BC) - chemical-mineralogical investigation of artefacts from southern Poland
    Autorzy:
    Bugaj, Urszula
    Nejbert, Krzysztof
    Ilnicki, Sławomir
    Wieciński, Piotr
    Onyszczuk, Tomasz
    Garbacz, Halina
    Włodarczak, Piotr
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2058667.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
    Tematy:
    copper metallurgy
    SEM-EPMA
    Pb isotopes
    Cu isotopes
    Final Neolithic/Early Bronze Age
    Mierzanowicka culture
    Opis:
    We describe a methodology of investigation of both Cu metal matrix and its mineral inclusions that aims at increasing the effectiveness of identifying the type of ore used in metal production. We point to sulphosalt ores as the main source of metal for the Final Neolithic/Early Bronze Age copper artefacts from southern Poland. The inclusions, rich in Ag, As, Sb and Sn, document the type of ore, regardless of the metallurgical process leading to depletion of As and Sb. The copper metal should contain neither Sb nor As, hence both of these elements, if originally present in ore, can be preserved only in inclusions. The concentrations of Ag, Sb, As and Sn in the artefacts investigated, the presence of inclusions, and their chemical composition, are the key indicators for the determination of the mineralogical composition of the original ores. Given the high concentrations of Sb, As and Ag in the Cu metal and mineralogy of the inclusions, the ore must have contained varying proportions of Ag-bearing tetrahedrite (Cu,Fe)12Sb4S13 and tennantite (Cu,Fe)12As4S13. Mineralogical compositions of the copper ores indicate the deposits in Slovakia (Spania Dolina) as the source of metal for the artefacts investigated. The results of Pb and Cu isotopic analyses carried out for this study support those conclusions.
    Źródło:
    Geological Quarterly; 2019, 63, 2; 302--318
    1641-7291
    Pojawia się w:
    Geological Quarterly
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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