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Wyszukujesz frazę "Gajewski, Paweł" wg kryterium: Autor


Tytuł:
Accurate Location of Fiber Cable Fault with OTDR
Autorzy:
Borzycki, Krzysztof
Gajewski, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2058489.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Instytut Łączności - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
fault location
fiber optic cable
helix factor
OTDR
single-mode fiber
Opis:
The paper reviews the factors limiting the accuracy of locating a fiber optic cable fault when using an optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR) and describes an error estimation method for typical use cases. The primary source of errors lies in the complex relationship between the length of the optical fiber (measured by OTDR), its routing, cable design depending on cable design and type of installation (i.e. duct, directly buried, aerial) as well as the spare lengths used for service purposes. The techniques which considerably improve the accuracy of the fault localization processes are presented, the importance of accurate documentation of the network and of referencing the fault location to the nearest splice instead of end of the line are discussed, as is the absence of cable helix factor in data sheets.
Źródło:
Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology; 2021, 4; 42--52
1509-4553
1899-8852
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
State-level Taylor rule and monetary policy stress
Autorzy:
Duran, Hasan Engin
Gajewski, Pawel
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22443107.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
Tematy:
Taylor Rule
states
monetary stress
spatial panel regression
FMOLS
DOLS
Opis:
Research background: Taylor rule is a widely adopted approach to follow monetary policy and investigate various mechanisms related to or triggered by monetary policy. To date, no in-depth examination of scale, determinants and spillovers of state-level monetary policy stress, stemming from the Federal Reserve Board?s (Fed?s) policy has been performed. Purpose of the article: This paper aims to investigate the nature of monetary policy stress on US States delivered by the single monetary policy by using a quarterly dataset spanning the years between 1989 and 2017. Methods: We apply a wide array of time series and panel regressions, such as unit root tests, co-integration tests, co-integrating FMOLS and DOLS regressions, and Spatial Panel SAR and SEM models. Findings & value added: When average stress imposed on states is calculated, it is observed that the level of stress is moderate, but the distribution across states is asymmetric. The cross-state determinants behind the average stress show that states with a higher percentage of working-age and highly educated population, as well as those with higher population density and more  export-oriented are negatively stressed (i.e. they experience excessively low interest rates), whereas higher unemployment rate contributes to a positive stress (too high interest rates). To the best of our knowledge, the contribution of this paper lies in estimating monetary policy stress at the state level and unveiling some of the determinants of this stress. Moreover, the paper makes the first attempt to empirically test spatial spillovers of the stress, which are indeed found significant and negative.
Źródło:
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy; 2023, 18, 1; 89-120
1689-765X
2353-3293
Pojawia się w:
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Demand and supply shock symmetry across Polish voivodeships
Autorzy:
Gajewski, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/414012.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Instytut Ameryk i Europy. Centrum Europejskich Studiów Regionalnych i Lokalnych (EUROREG)
Tematy:
demand shocks
supply shocks
voivodeships
monetary policy
Opis:
The aim of this paper is to evaluate the symmetry of demand and supply shocks affecting Polish voivodeships and to assess the risk of asymmetric shocks in the future. The study employs the SVAR-based Blanchard and Quah (1989) decomposition as modified by Bayoumi and Eichengreen (1992), and uses a new method of estimating quarterly GDP by voivodeships. The results point to a relatively high symmetry of shocks and a rather low risk of their occurrence. Shock asymmetry does not appear to be strongly related to differences in production structures, which is claimed in most theoretical approaches, including the Optimum Currency Areas Theory.
Źródło:
Studia Regionalne i Lokalne; 2018, 3(73); 50-69
1509-4995
Pojawia się w:
Studia Regionalne i Lokalne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Doświadczenia z reform fiskalnych w okresie tworzenia Unii Gospodarczej i Walutowej
The Fiscal Reform Experience of the Early Days of the Economic and Monetary Union
Autorzy:
Gajewski, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/574273.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011-02-28
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie. Kolegium Analiz Ekonomicznych
Tematy:
eurozone
Stability and Growth Pact
Economic and Monetary Union
fiscal policy
consolidation
reforms
Opis:
The author analyzes the experience of fiscal reforms carried out in the European Union after the adoption of the Maastricht Treaty in 1992. The treaty provides for what are called convergence criteria for countries aspiring to join the eurozone. After the treaty was signed a period of fiscal adjustments began in Europe. In the following years, individual countries pursued different strategies and attained different results in the process. The article aspires to be a source of information for those seeking to develop an optimal reform strategy for Poland-now that the Polish government has clearly stated that Poland should become part of the euro zone in the future. Using statistical data, Gajewski discusses how the convergence criteria adopted in the Maastricht Treaty (reference values for the deficit and public debt) influence fiscal policy in terms of the effectiveness of the strategy for adjusting government revenue and expenditure. It turns out that the fiscal convergence criterion could increase the pro-cyclical aspect of fiscal policy in the period directly preceding the launch of the third stage of the Economic and Monetary Union and in the first few years of the system’s functioning, Gajewski says. His research confirms earlier findings that effectively bringing down the deficit below the reference level requires focusing one’s efforts on the expenditure rather than revenue side of the budget. This may be because limiting expenditure calls for more comprehensive reforms covering structural changes and increased effectiveness of available resources. According to Gajewski, countries that have met the fiscal criterion by limiting expenditure generally took longer to meet this criterion and had a higher budget balance on average, during the period of the eurozone’s functioning, than countries that focused their strategies on the revenue side of the budget and stopgap measures. The author concludesthat the adopted strategy for public finance consolidation had far-reaching consequences for the competitiveness of individual countries and may have been one of the main causes behind the crisis, which hit the eurozone in 2008.
Źródło:
Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics; 2011, 245, 1-2; 43-62
2300-5238
Pojawia się w:
Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ekonomiczne efekty polityki regionalnej
The Economic Effects of Regional Policy
Autorzy:
Gajewski, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/574559.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007-02-28
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie. Kolegium Analiz Ekonomicznych
Tematy:
regional policy
development disparities
New Economic Geography
Opis:
The author analyses the relationship between regional disparities and economic efficiency. He also examines the efficiency of regional policy tools in the context of regional disproportions and economic efficiency. In the first part of the paper, the author discusses the main areas of controversy concerned with the regional distribution of business activity and its influence on economic growth. Then, using a graphic model to present the theory of endogenous growth and the New Economic Geography-and additionally considering social capital-Gajewski analyzes the economic effects of interregional transfers, subsidies for enterprises, investment in transport infrastructure and innovation policy. The author concludes that regional policy measures designed to support the regional diffusion of innovation and reduce its costs are the most effective instrument of regional policy, from the perspective of economic efficiency and the need to level out regional differences. Subsidies to enterprises seem to be the least beneficial, if not harmful, regional policy tool, Gajewski says. His research findings indicate that the use of various other regional policy instruments leads to an “equity-efficiency tradeoff,” or a conflict between economic and social objectives.
Źródło:
Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics; 2007, 213, 1-2; 59-81
2300-5238
Pojawia się w:
Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nierównowaga finansów publicznych w krajach Unii Europejskiej
Public Finance Sustainability in European Union Countries
Autorzy:
Gajewski, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/574413.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011-10-31
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie. Kolegium Analiz Ekonomicznych
Tematy:
public debt
public finance sustainability
financial crisis
Opis:
The article aims to estimate the current level of public finance sustainability in the European Union, taking into account the starting fiscal position, the possibility of withdrawing fiscal impulses, the future costs of population aging, and possible financial market responses. The author achieves this objective by using an indicator method similar to that used by the European Commission. However, this method has been modified by diversifying projected GDP growth rates and public debt interest rates, Gajewski says. The assumption is that the interest rate may vary depending on the response of financial markets to the debt-to-GDP ratio. The author demonstrates that almost all EU countries have lost their medium- and long-term fiscal sustainability. Greece and Ireland appear to be the worst off among the analyzed countries, Gajewski says. Both these economies suffer from a high structural budget deficit and potentially high costs of population aging. Most other countries will also be forced to make strong fiscal adjustments to achieve primary surpluses far exceeding those in the period before the financial crisis. The calculations also show that Sweden, Estonia and Bulgaria boast the highest levels of public finance sustainability in the European Union, the author concludes.
Źródło:
Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics; 2011, 251, 10; 21-38
2300-5238
Pojawia się w:
Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nowcasting Quarterly GDP Dynamics in the Euro Area – The Role of Sentiment Indicators
Autorzy:
Gajewski, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/632857.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014-06-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
nowcasting
sentiment indicators
kluczowe prognozowanie bieżące
wskaźniki koniunktury
Opis:
The paper compares the most closely watched sentiment indicators with respect to their ability to nowcast quarterly GDP dynamics in the Euro Area and its biggest economies. We analyse cross-correlations and out-of-sample forecast errors generated from equations estimated by rolling regressions in fixed-length window. The results show that models employing PMI Composite perform best in the cases of the Euro Area, Germany, France and Italy, whilst Spanish GDP dynamics is best nowcasted using ESI-based models. PMI-based models generate the most accurate nowcasts at the beginning of the quarter, as well as during periods of high volatility of GDP growth rates
W artykule porównane zostały zdolności najpilniej obserwowanych wskaźników obrazujących nastroje gospodarcze do bieżącego prognozowania kwartalnej dynamiki PKB w strefie euro i jej największych państwach członkowskich. Analizowane są korelacje krzyżowe oraz błędy prognoz poza próbę, wygenerowane z równań szacowanych w oparciu o regresję kroczącą w oknie stałej długości. Wyniki wskazują, że modele wykorzystujące wskaźnik PMI Composite dają na ogół najlepsze wyniki w strefie euro, Niemczech, Francji i Włoszech, podczas gdy bieżąca dynamika hiszpańskiego PKB jest najprecyzyjniej prognozowana przez modele oparte na wskaźniku ESI. Modele oparte na PMI generują relatywnie najlepsze prognozy na początku kwartału, a także w okresach wysokiej zmienności stóp wzrostu PKB.
Źródło:
Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe; 2014, 17, 2; 5-23
1508-2008
2082-6737
Pojawia się w:
Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Powrócił z Iraku
Autorzy:
Gajewski, Paweł.
Powiązania:
Biuletyn Żandarmerii Wojskowej 2006, nr 14, s. 14
Współwytwórcy:
Daroszewska, Teresa. Opracowanie
Data publikacji:
2006
Tematy:
Polski Kontyngent Wojskowy w składzie Międzynarodowych Sił Stabilizacyjnych w Republice Iraku
Wielonarodowa Dywizja Centralno-Południowa w Republice Iraku
Żandarmeria Wojskowa misja pokojowa Irak
Opis:
Fot.
Dostawca treści:
Bibliografia CBW
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Regionalne zróżnicowanie efektów impulsu polityki pieniężnej w Polsce
The Regional Asymmetry of Monetary Policy Effects in Poland
Autorzy:
Gajewski, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/574235.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-08-31
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie. Kolegium Analiz Ekonomicznych
Tematy:
rozwój regionalny
dynamika ekonomiczna regionów
polityka pieniężna
regional development
regional economic dynamics
monetary policy
Opis:
The article looks at the problem of regional differences in monetary policy in Poland. The author seeks to identify key differences in the effects of monetary policy between the country’s eastern and western macroregions. The empirical exercise uses the standard vector autoregressive model with exogenous variables (VARX), expanded to include variables describing economic activity in the two macroregions. The results point to varying responses to a monetary shock – chiefly diverse adjustments following the shock as well as different reactions to monetary policy impulses, the author argues. While in the western macroregion a tighter monetary policy triggers a strong reaction on the part of industrial production, Gajewski says, the eastern macroregion is mostly affected via the labor market.
Celem artykułu jest identyfikacja ogólnych różnic w efektach polityki pieniężnej między wschodnim i zachodnim makroregionem w Polsce. Artykuł jest w istocie pierwszym spojrzeniem na problem regionalnego zróżnicowania efektów polityki pieniężnej w Polsce. W celu zachowania przejrzystości, a także spójności z analizami prowadzonymi dla Polski jako całości, badanie empiryczne przeprowadzone zostało w oparciu o standardowy model VARX, rozszerzony o zmienne charakteryzujące aktywność gospodarczą w obu makroregionach. Uzyskane wyniki potwierdzają odmienność odpowiedzi tych zmiennych. W szczególności wyniki sugerują nie tyle zróżnicowaną siłę reakcji na impuls polityki pieniężnej, ile odmienny charakter dostosowań po impulsie. W makroregionie zachodnim zacieśnienie polityki pieniężnej powoduje relatywnie silną reakcję produkcji przemysłowej, natomiast w makroregionie wschodnim dostosowania przebiegają raczej na rynku pracy. Uzyskane rezultaty mogą stanowić przyczynek do dalszych badań, a także do dyskusji nad ich implikacjami dla polityki gospodarczej.
Źródło:
Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics; 2015, 278, 4; 27-47
2300-5238
Pojawia się w:
Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Floristic diversity, yielding and calorific value of plant communities with dominant native grass species
Różnorodność florystyczna, plonowanie i wartość energetyczna zbiorowisk z dominacją rodzimych gatunków traw
Autorzy:
Grzelak, Mieczysław
Gaweł, Eliza
Gajewski, Piotr
Kaczmarek, Paweł
Majchrzak, Leszek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/336114.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Przemysłowy Instytut Maszyn Rolniczych
Tematy:
calorific value
biomass
grass communities
heat of combustion
wartość energetyczna
biomasa
zbiorowiska trawiaste
ciepło spalania
Opis:
Studies on floristic diversity, yielding and calorific value of biomass of communities with a dominance of 10 native grass species were conducted in the years 2013-2018 over an area of 180 ha in the Noteć River valley in the Trzcianka–Wieleń– Krzyż Wielkopolski stretch. The species composition, the percentage shares of the dominant species and the other plant groups were investigated in these plant communities. Moreover, habitat conditions, yielding and fodder value were determined. The calorific value, heat of combustion, ash content and moisture content in a dry biomass were recorded. Results indicate that the investigated communities differ in terms of habitat conditions, floristic composition, as well as yielding and fodder value of the sward. Moreover, harvested plant biomass characterised by high calorific value and heat of combustion as well as low ash content, thus facilitating pellet production for energy generation.
Badania nad różnorodnością florystyczną, plonowaniem oraz wartością energetyczną biomasy zbiorowisk z dominacją 10 gatunków rodzimych traw, przeprowadzono w latach 2013-2018 w dolinie Noteci, na odcinku Trzcianka–Wieleń–Krzyż Wlkp., na obszarze o powierzchni 180 ha. Określono skład botaniczny zbiorowisk, procentowy udział dominanta oraz pozostałych grup roślinnych. Ponadto określono warunki siedliskowe, plonowanie oraz wartość użytkową. Zbadano wartość energetyczną, ciepło spalania, zawartość popiołu i wilgotność w suchej masie. Otrzymane wyniki wskazują, że badane zbiorowiska różnią się uwarunkowaniami siedliskowymi składem florystycznym, a także pod względem plonowania i wartości użytkowej runi. Ponadto, zebraną masę roślinną cechuje wysoka wartość energetyczna i ciepło spalania oraz niska zawartość popiołu, co umożliwia produkcję z niej peletu dla celów energetycznych.
Źródło:
Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering; 2019, 64, 2; 25-28
1642-686X
2719-423X
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Górnictwo węgla kamiennego w Polsce w okresie transformacji
Polish Hard Coal Mining During the Transition Period
Autorzy:
Kaczorowski, Paweł
Gajewski, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/907279.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
górnictwo węgla kamiennego
restrukturyzacja górnictwa
przekształcenia ustrojowo-systemowe
przekształcenia systemowe
hard bituminous coal mining
mining industry restructuring
systemic transformation
Opis:
Wydrukowano z dostarczonych Wydawnictwu UŁ gotowych materiałów
Coal mining in Poland plays a special role in both economic and social life. There are historical reasons for this. The mining industry during the communist era, especially in the 1970s, was used by the authorities as an indicator of economic development and a guarantor of economic stability. This was associated with enterprises operating in the industry having a privileged position, which was made manifest by subsidies and special privileges being given to mine workers. The paper surveys the restructuring process of the coal mining industry since the early 1990s. Consecutive restructuring programs are outlined and evaluated with regard to its economic effect and social impact. The authors consider also the spatial dimension of restructuring and give special attention to the role of trade unions in the restructuring process. Some conclusions based on the hitherto experience are also drawn.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica; 2008, 219
0208-6018
2353-7663
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Immunoregulation of antigen presenting and secretory functions of monocytic cells by Helicobacter pylori antigens in relation to impairment of lymphocyte expansion
Autorzy:
Mnich, Eliza
Gajewski, Adrian
Rudnicka, Karolina
Gonciarz, Weronika
Stawerski, Paweł
Hinc, Krzysztof
Obuchowski, Michał
Chmiela, Magdalena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1038873.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Biochemiczne
Tematy:
H. pylori
antigen presenting cells
lymphocyte expansion
Opis:
The role of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) antigens in driving a specific immune response against the bacteria causing gastroduodenal disorders is poorly understood. Using a guinea pig model mimicking the natural history of H. pylori infection, we evaluated the effectiveness of immature and mature macrophages in promoting the blastogenesis of splenocytes from H. pylori infected and uninfected animals, in response to H. pylori antigens: glycine acid extract (GE), cytotoxin associated gene A protein (CagA), urease A (UreA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Lymphocyte expansion was assessed in 72 h cell cultures, containing: immature or mature macrophages derived from bone marrow monocytes, unstimulated or stimulated with H. pylori antigens for 2 h. The proliferation was expressed as a ratio of [3H]-thymidine incorporation into DNA of antigen-stimulated to unstimulated cells and the DNA damage was determined by DAPI cell staining. TGF-β and IFN-γ were assessed immunoenzymatically in cell culture supernatants. Lymphocytes of control and H. pylori-infected animals proliferated intensively in response to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and in co-cultures with immature or mature macrophages treated with CagA or UreA (significantly) and GE (slightly) exluding the cultures containing H. pylori or E. coli LPS. This lymphocyte growth inhibition was related to DNA damage of monocytic cells in response to H. pylori or E. coli LPS and secretion of regulatory TGF-β, but not proinflammatory IFN-γ. Impaired homeostasis of monocytic cell function related to DNA damage and TGF-β release, in response to H. pylori LPS may lead to the suppression of adaptive immune response against the bacteria and development of chronic infection.
Źródło:
Acta Biochimica Polonica; 2015, 62, 4; 641-650
0001-527X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Biochimica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The microbiological, histological, immunological and molecular determinants of Helicobacter pylori infection in guinea pigs as a convenient animal model to study pathogenicity of these bacteria and the infection dependent immune response of the host
Autorzy:
Walencka, Maria
Gonciarz, Weronika
Mnich, Eliza
Gajewski, Adrian
Stawerski, Pawel
Knapik-Dabrowicz, Alina
Chmiela, Magdalena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1038889.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Biochemiczne
Tematy:
Helicobacter pylori
guinea pigs
diagnostic procedures
Opis:
Helicobacter pylori is an etiological agent of chronic gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers and gastric cancers. The use of an appropriate animal model for experimental studies on the pathogenesis of H. pylori infections is necessary due to the chronic character of such infections and difficulties in identifying their early stage in humans. The aim of this study was to develop a guinea pig model of H. pylori infection and identify its microbiological, histological, serological and molecular determinants. Guinea pigs were inoculated per os with H. pylori strains: CCUG 17874 or ATCC 700312, both producing vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA) and cytotoxin associated gene A (CagA) protein, suspended in Brucella broth with fetal calf serum (FCS) and Skirrow supplement of antibiotics. To determine H. pylori colonization, 7 and 28 days after the challenge, a panel of diagnostic methods was used. It included culturing of microorganisms from the gastric tissue, histopathological analysis of gastric sections, stained by Mayer,s haematoxylin and eosin to assess inflammatory response, by Giemsa as well as Warthin-Starry silver staining to visualise Helicobacter-like organisms (HLO) and with anti-Ki-67 antigen to assess epithelial cell proliferation. H. pylori infection was also confirmed by polymerase chain reactions (PCR) for detection in gastric tissue of ureC and cagA genes and by serological assessment of H. pylori antigens in faeces. This study showed the usefulness of microbiological, histological, immunological and molecular methods for the detection of persistent H. pylori infections in guinea pigs, which could be an appropriate model for studying H. pylori pathogenesis and the related immune response against these microbes.
Źródło:
Acta Biochimica Polonica; 2015, 62, 4; 697-706
0001-527X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Biochimica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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