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Tytuł:
Benzo[a]pyrene and cyclopenta[c]phenanthrene suppress expression of p53 in head kidney of rainbow trout
Autorzy:
Brzuzan, P.
Woźny, M.
Góra, M.
Łuczyński, M. K.
Jabłońska, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/363082.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie
Tematy:
B[a]P
CP[c]Ph
ekspresja genów
hnRNA
pstrąg tęczowy
poziom transkrypcji
gene expression
rainbow trout
transcription rate
Opis:
Although p53, a protein of important tumor suppressive function, has been extensively studied in mammals, relatively little is known about the p53 pathways in lower vertebrates. Particularly, limited information exists on possible influences of environmental contaminants on the expression of the p53 gene in fish. In the current study, we assessed the effects of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P; potent tumor promoter) and cyclopenta[c]phenanthrene (CP[c]Ph; clastogenic agent) exposure on a 24h profile of p53 gene expression in head kidney of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). To analyze the p53 transcription rate, we developed protocol for the examination of both mRNA and heterogeneous nuclear (hn) RNA of the gene, using Real-Time RTPCR approach. The results show that both compounds are capable of suppressing p53 transcriptional activity within 12h of the treatment. Our finding supports the idea that structurally different PAHs may influence cell physiologic functions controlled by p53 in fish, in part, by down-regulating its RNA expression levels.
Źródło:
Environmental Biotechnology; 2011, 7, 1; 41-45
1734-4964
Pojawia się w:
Environmental Biotechnology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Cyclopenta[c]phenanthrene induction of CYP1A in brain of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Autorzy:
Brzuzan, P.
Woźny, M.
Łuczyński, M. K.
Góra, M.
Ciesielski, S.
Kuźmiński, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/363272.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie
Tematy:
benzo(a)piren
mózg
CYP1A
cyklopenta[c]fenantren
absolutna kwantyfikacja mRNA
pstrąg tęczowy
benzo(a)pyrene
brain
cyclopenta[c]phenanthrene
mRNA absolute quantification
rainbow trout
Opis:
We assessed the effects of cyclopenta[c]phenanthrene (CP[c]Ph) and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P; positive control) on CYP1A gene expression in brain of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) using the quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (Q-RT-PCR). A group of hatchery raised rainbow trout, with an average body mass of 49.4 g and total length of 15.5 cm were given an intraperitoneal injection (10 mg*kg-1) of either CP[c]Ph or B[a]P in corn oil (2 mg*mi-1 corn oil) or corn oil alone (control). After 24 and 48 h, trout brains were collected for mRNA isolation and analysis. After 24 hours of the exposure, only B[a]P-treated rainbow trout had 10-fold higher number of CYP1A transcripts (mean = 3.63*106 transcripts*µg-1 total RNA) than control fish (3.24*105 transcripts*µg-1 total RNA; Tukey test, P<0.05). After 48 hrs, significantly higher levels of CYP1A expression (Tukey test, P<0.001) were found in either CP[c]Ph- or B[a]P- induced group (1.45*106 and 6.92*106 transcriptsźµg-1 total RNA, respectively) over a control group (mean=1.41*105 transcripts*µg-1 total RNA). The finding that CYP1A in brain tissue was inducible by CP[c]Ph, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) of different than B[a]P planar characteristics, may further validate the use of rainbow trout brain CYP1A mRNA levels as a biomarker of PAH exposure.
Źródło:
Environmental Biotechnology; 2007, 3, 1; 10-14
1734-4964
Pojawia się w:
Environmental Biotechnology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
CYP1A gene expression in adipose fin of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) exposed to benzo[a]pyrene
Autorzy:
Brzuzan, P.
Woźny, M.
Łuczyński, M. K.
Góra, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/363276.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie
Tematy:
płetwa tłuszczowa
benzo(a)piren
CYP1A mRNA
skrzela
pstrąg tęczowy
real-time PCR
adipose fin
benzo(a)pyrene
gill
rainbow trout
Real-Time PCR
Opis:
Proximate to the environment, adipose fin of fish may be considered as a lipid storing tissue, and thus can be a target for either waterborne or dietary polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs). We determined the effects of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), a model PAC member, on CYP1A gene expression in adipose fin and compared that with the effects in gill of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) using the quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (Q-RT-PCR). The results of the study demonstrated that constitutive CYP1A mRNA was present in adipose fin of rainbow trout, but the transcripts were far less abundant than those in gill tissue. We confirmed high CYP1A gene induction potential of the gills in rainbow trout injected with benzo[a]pyrene, but also showed moderately and transiently induced CYP1A mRNA in adipose fin. The modest and transitory gene expression may preclude rainbow trout adipose fin CYP1A mRNA levels from using it as an indicator of sustained exposure of fish to the polycyclic aromatic compounds.
Źródło:
Environmental Biotechnology; 2007, 3, 1; 20-24
1734-4964
Pojawia się w:
Environmental Biotechnology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
MicroRNA expression profiles in liver and colon of sexually immature gilts after exposure to Fusarium mycotoxins
Autorzy:
Brzuzan, P.
Wozny, M.
Wolinska-Niziol, L.
Piasecka, A.
Florczyk, M.
Jakimiuk, E.
Gora, M.
Luczynski, M.K.
Gajecki, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2087983.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Opis:
To improve our knowledge of the role of microRNAs (miRs) in responses of the porcine digestive system to two Fusarium mycotoxins, zearalenone (ZEN) and deoxynivalenol (DON), we examined the expression of 7 miRs (miR-9, miR-15a, miR-21, miR-34a, miR-122, miR-125b, and miR-192), previously found to be deregulated in diseased liver and colon cells. In this study, immature gilts were exposed to NOEL doses of ZEN (40 |ig/kg/d), DON (12 |ig/kg/d), ZEN+DON (40 + 12 |ig/kg/d), and placebo (negative control group) for 7,14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 days. Before the treatment, expression levels of the selected miRs were measured in the liver, the duodenum, the jejunum, and the ascending and the descending colon of the gilts. Hierarchical clustering of the tissues by their miR expression profiles was consistent with what would be expected based on the anatomical locations and the physiological functions of the organs, suggesting that functions of the miRs are related to the specificities of the tissues in which they are expressed. A subset of 2 pairs of miRs (miR-21+miR-192 and miR-15a+miR-34a), which were assigned to two distinct clusters based on their tissue abundance, was then evaluated in the liver and the ascending and the descending colon during the treatment. The most meaningful results were obtained from the ascending colon, where a significant effect of the treatment was observed, suggesting that during the exposure to mycotoxins, the pathways involved in cell proliferation and survival were disordered. Changes in miR expression in the liver and the descending colon of the treated gilts were smaller, and were associated more with treatment duration than the exposure to ZEN, DON, or ZEN+DON. Further research should focus on identification of genes whose expression is regulated by these aberrantly expressed miRs. This should facilitate understanding of the miRNA-regulated biological effects of mycotoxins.
Źródło:
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences; 2015, 18, 1
1505-1773
Pojawia się w:
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Relative quantification of CYP1A gene expression in whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus) exposed to benzo[a]pyrene
Autorzy:
Brzuzan, P.
Jurczyk, Ł.
Łuczyński, M. K.
Góra, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/363188.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie
Tematy:
ekspresja genu CYP1A
sieja
benzo(a)piren
real-time PCR
benzo(a)pyrene
Coregonus lavaretus
CYP1A gene expression
RealTime PCR
relative quantification
Opis:
The expression of CYP1A (cytochrome P4501A) can be induced by a number of aromatic compounds in teleost fishes. We developed a real-time PCR assay for measuring relative quantities (RQ) of CYP1A mRNA in whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus). To test for the usefulness of the assay we performed a treatment study, using benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) a model CYP1A inducer. Primers for the CYP1A gene were adapted from the literature, whereas those for [beta]-actin (endogenous control) were designed from a region that was found to be conserved among salmonid [beta]-actin genes. A group of hatchery raised whitefish, with an average body mass of 15 g and total length of 12 cm were given an intraperitoneal injection (10 mg/kg) of B[a]P in corn oil (2 mg B[a]P/ml corn oil) or corn oil alone (Control). After 48 h, whitefish liver, head kidney and brains were collected for mRNA isolation and analysis. In all three tissues sampled, CYP1A mRNA was affected by treatment with B[a]P. Head kidney tissue showed the greatest induction potential (RQ=11.00) from base levels (RQ=1.00), followed by liver (RQ=9.45), and brain (RQ=3.76). These results demonstrated that CYP1A was highly inducible by B[a]P in whitefish head kidney and liver, and to some extent, in brain tissue. The approach presented here has the advantage of providing rapid and accurate measures of CYP1A induction in various tissues of fish responding to PAH contaminant exposure.
Źródło:
Environmental Biotechnology; 2005, 1, 1; 11-15
1734-4964
Pojawia się w:
Environmental Biotechnology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
2,4-diphenylthiophene induces mainly base pair mutation in Salmonella Typhimurium
Autorzy:
Budzikur, K. A.
Mielżyńska-Švach, D.
Góra, M.
Chachaj, A.
Pawłowski, M.
Łuczyński, M. K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/363086.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie
Tematy:
test Amesa
związki heterocykliczne
mutagenność
siarkowe wielopierścieniowe węglowodory aromatyczne
Ames test
heterocyclic compounds
mutagenicity
sulfur-PAHs
Opis:
Heterocyclic aromatic compounds containing sulfur (S-HET), have been detected in air, soil, marine environment and freshwater sediment. Toxicity and mutagenicity data of this class of substances are scarce. The present study focuses on implications of two aryl thiophenes and their mutagenic properties in Salmonella/microsome test. In our experiment only 2,4-diphenylthiophene showed little mutagenic effect in both variants of activaction (+/-S9) in strain TA100. Thiophene ring joined to K-region of phenanthrene did not change the biological activity of 3,6-dimetoxyphenanthro [9,10-c]thiophene and this compound did not show mutagenic potency.
Źródło:
Environmental Biotechnology; 2012, 8, 1; 28-31
1734-4964
Pojawia się w:
Environmental Biotechnology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Mutagenicity induced in Salmonella strains TA98 and TA100 by diphenylthiophenes
Autorzy:
Budzikur, K. A.
Góra, M.
Chachaj, A.
Mielżyńska-Švach, D.
Tejs, S.
Łuczyński, M. K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/363118.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie
Tematy:
test Amesa
mutacja
monomery tiofenowe
Ames test
mutation
thiophene monomers
Opis:
Mutagenic properties of four different diphenylthiophenes: 3,4-diphenylthiophene, 3,4-di(4'-methylphenyl)thiophene, 3,4-di(4'-methoxyphenyl)thiophene and 3,4-di(4'-pentoxyphenyl)thiophene were investigated applying the Salmonella test. The research was done on two strains of Salmonella Typhimurium: TA98 and TA100, tested in two variants: with (+S9) and without (-S9) enzymatic activation. Only one compound 3,4-di(4'-methylphenyl)thiophene showed mutagenic activity when studied with metabolic activation (+S9) and its mutagenic rate (MR) score was 3.41 for the dose of 10.00µg*plate-1. Other studied compounds did not show any mutagenic activity (+/-S9) and their MR score did not exceed the threshold value of 2.0.
Źródło:
Environmental Biotechnology; 2011, 7, 2; 65-69
1734-4964
Pojawia się w:
Environmental Biotechnology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Eating behaviours of primary school pupils from Slaskie, Malopolskie and Opolskie Voivodeships in Poland
Autorzy:
Dolipska, A.
Majerczyk, M.
Gora, A.
Janion, K.
Szczepanska, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/873431.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Zdrowia Publicznego. Państwowy Zakład Higieny
Opis:
Background. Nutrition is one of the major environmental factors affecting children’s physical development and health, with nutrition mistakes made in early years of life having short- and long-term health consequences. Objective. This study has been aimed at evaluating eating behaviours of primary school pupils and determining whether there are relationships between pupils’ eating habits and their area of residence. Material and methods. The study was conducted in primary schools located in the following voivodeships (administrative units) in Poland: Śląskie, Opolskie and Małopolskie, on a total sample of 1138 pupils. A survey specially designed for the purpose of this study was used to investigate the pupils’ eating behaviours. The findings were then analysed with the use of MS Excel 2010 and Statistica 12.0 software. Results. According to the survey, 61.42% of pupils in our study ate the recommended number of meals daily. 72.74% reported eating breakfast daily, 66.17% stated they ate packed lunch/midmorning snack daily, 17.49% reported eating wholemeal bread more than once daily, whilst milk and natural yoghurt were consumed daily by 20.04% and 10.81% of pupils, respectively. Sweets and salty snacks were excluded from the diet of 2.2% and 3.08% of pupils respectively. 6.59% of pupils reported not eating fast food at all. Conclusions. The eating behaviours of primary school pupils differ. Regional variations in eating behaviours have been found to exist, revealing a correlation between the pupils’ area of residence (voivodeship) and some eating behaviours. The largest number of healthy eating behaviours were reported by pupils from Małopolskie Voivodeship.
Wprowadzenie. Odżywianie jest jednym z najważniejszych czynników środowiskowych wpływających na rozwój fizyczny i stan zdrowia dziecka. Błędy żywieniowe popełniane we wczesnych latach życia dziecka mają zarówno krótko- jak i długoterminowe konsekwencje zdrowotne. Cel. Ocena zachowań żywieniowych uczniów szkół podstawowych oraz stwierdzenie czy istnieją zależności pomiędzy zachowaniami żywieniowymi uczniów i ich miejscem zamieszkania. Materiał i metodyka. Badanie zostało przeprowadzone w szkołach podstawowych na terenie województwa śląskiego, opolskiego i małopolskiego wśród 1138 uczniów. Do oceny zachowań żywieniowych posłużył autorski kwestionariusz ankiety. Uzyskane wyniki analizowano przy pomocy programów MS Excel 2010 i Statistica 12.0. Wyniki. Spożywanie zalecanej liczby posiłków deklarowało 61,42% uczniów. Na codzienne spożywanie I śniadania wskazało 72,74% uczniów, II śniadanie codziennie spożywało 66,17% uczniów. 17,49% uczniów zadeklarowało kilkukrotne spożycie ciemnego pieczywa w ciągu dnia, mleko i jogurty naturalne z tą częstością spożywało odpowiednio 20.04% i 10.81% uczniów. Wykluczenie z diety słodyczy oraz słonych przekąsek zadeklarowało odpowiednio 2.2% i 3.08% uczniów. 6.59% uczniów nie spożywa produktów typu fast-food. Wnioski. Zachowania żywieniowe uczniów szkół podstawowych są zróżnicowane. Stwierdzono występowanie zależności pomiędzy niektórymi zachowaniami żywieniowymi uczniów i ich miejscem zamieszkania. Najwięcej korzystnych zachowań żywieniowych zaobserwowano u uczniów zamieszkujących województwo małopolskie.
Źródło:
Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny; 2018, 69, 2
0035-7715
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Pantoea agglomerans: a mysterious bacterium of evil and good. Part II - Deleterious effects: Dustborne endotoxins and allergens - focus on grain dust, other agricultural dusts and wood dust
Autorzy:
Dutkiewicz, J.
Mackiewicz, B.
Lemieszek, M.K.
Golec, M.
Skorska, C.
Gora-Florek, A.
Milanowski, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/49400.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Wsi
Źródło:
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine; 2016, 23, 1
1232-1966
Pojawia się w:
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Cathelicidin LL-37, granzymes, TGF-beta1 and cytokines levels in induced sputum from farmers with and without COPD
Autorzy:
Golec, M
Reichel, C.
Mackiewicz, B.
Skorska, C.
Curzytek, K.
Lemieszek, M.
Dutkiewicz, J.
Gora, A.
Ziesche, R.
Boltuc, J.
Sodolska, K.
Milanowski, J.
Spiewak, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/49729.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Wsi
Tematy:
cathelicidin LL-37
peptide
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
COPD zob.chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
sputum
farmer
human disease
organic dust
ELISA test
spirometric value
sputum sample
dust exposure
cytokine
lipopolysaccharide
Źródło:
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine; 2009, 16, 2; 289-297
1232-1966
Pojawia się w:
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Knowledge on risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus among secondary school students
Autorzy:
Gora, A.
Szczepanska, E.
Janion, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2087307.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Zdrowia Publicznego. Państwowy Zakład Higieny
Tematy:
knowledge
high school students
type 2 diabetes mellitus
risk factors
Opis:
Background. Diabetes is a set of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia caused by improper action and/ or secretion of insulin. Currently, diabetes is becoming a serious challenge in modern medicine, this disease affects 425 million people, and the forecasts indicate that by 2045 the number of cases will increase to 629 million. Objective. The aim of the study was to evaluate the knowledge about risk factors for type 2 diabetes among secondary school students in the Silesian Province in Poland and to determine whether there are differences between the level of knowledge between girls and boys and between first-, second- and third-grade students. Material and methods. The survey was conducted among 650 high school students. The research tool was the author's questionnaire. The obtained results were developed using Microsoft Excel 2010 and Statistica 13.3 (TIBCO Inc.). Results. The definitions of type 2 diabetes were known to 63.9%. 91.8% of high school students indicated excessive body mass as a risk factor for morbidity, while 18.8% of people indicated the appropriate type of obesity increasing the risk of type 2 diabetes. Most of the students considered abnormal eating habits as an important factor increasing the occurrence of the disease (92.4%). The most numerous group of high school students were people with average level of knowledge (89.6%). Conclusions. The knowledge of high school students about risk factors for type 2 diabetes was varied. The most numerous group were high school students characterised by the average level of knowledge. There were no statistically significant differences between the proportion of correctly provided responses by women and men. There were statistically significant differences between the proportion of correctly provided responses by first-, second- and third-graders. Our research shows that educational activities should be undertaken, especially about modifiable risk factors for type 2 diabetes.
Źródło:
Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny; 2020, 71, 4; 431-443
0035-7715
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ab initio Calculation of Quasi-Equilibrium Microcracks in Cubic Boron Nitride
Autorzy:
Góra, D.
Parlinski, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2035553.pdf
Data publikacji:
2002-09
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
71.15.Mb
75.50.Ee
62.20.Mk
Opis:
A crack in cubic boron nitride crystal was simulated within the ab initio density-functional theory. The lattice constant, critical stress intensity factor K$\text{}_{c}$, which describes crack creation stress, and fracture surface energy Γ were calculated from the elongated 2×6×1 supercell and these quantities agree quite well with the experimental data. We conclude that density-functional theory can be used to estimate crack's material constants.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2002, 102, 3; 437-442
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Stripe Phases in the Hubbard Model
Autorzy:
Góra, D.
Rościszewski, K.
Oleś, A. M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2012901.pdf
Data publikacji:
2000-01
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
71.27.+a
74.72.-h
75.10.-b
64.60.-i
Opis:
We investigate the magnetic and charge ordering in the stripe phases obtained while using correlated wave functions for finite 8×8 clusters described by the Hubbard model with extended hopping. Nonmagnetic vertical (01) site-centered domain walls and (11) bond-centered stripes are found for the parameters of La$\text{}_{2-x}$Sr$\text{}_{x}$CuO$\text{}_{4}$ and YBa$\text{}_{2}$Cu$\text{}_{3}$O$\text{}_{6+x}$, respectively, at doping δ=1/8. The obtained half-filled domain nonmagnetic walls reproduce the maxima observed in neutron scattering for La$\text{}_{2-x}$Sr$\text{}_{x}$CuO$\text{}_{4}$.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2000, 97, 1; 225-228
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zastosowanie procesu Boscha do plazmowego trawienia krzemu
Bosch process for silicon plasma etching
Autorzy:
Góra, K.
Kozłowski, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/192230.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Technologii Materiałów Elektronicznych
Tematy:
proces Boscha
ICP
trawienie plazmowe krzemu
współczynnik kształtu
Bosch process
plasma etching
high aspect ratio
silicon etched profile
Opis:
W pracy opisano wielostopniowy proces plazmowy powszechnie znany jako proces Boscha. Składa się on z wielokrotnie powtarzanych sekwencji kroków trawienia i pasywacji. Dzięki temu można otrzymać w krzemie bardzo głębokie struktury o wysokim współczynniku kształtu. Proces zaimplementowano na urządzeniu Alcatel 601E. Końcowym efektem opracowanej procedury jest wytrawiony profil o wysokim współczynniku kształtu, pionowych ścianach i gładkiej powierzchni.
This paper reports on two step time multiplexed plasma etch process, widely known as a Bosch process. The Bosch process was implemented on Alcatel 601E plasma reactor. On the basis of this patented process we created the procedure to achieve high aspect ratio submicron trenches in silicon. A deep silicon etching Bosch process in ICP reactive ion plasma reactor was based on SF6/C4F8 chemistry. Process consists of two alternating etching and deposition cycles. In thirst step, SF6 a very effective source of F* radicals is responsible for etching. In second step C4F8 gas creates polymers layer that protect side wall from lateral etching. This technique consisting of series alternating etch and deposition cycles(each lasts only a few seconds) produces high aspect ratio features. The etch rate and thickness of deposition layer are controlled by gas flow and cycle time, respectively. Created recipe can be used to etch silicon high aspect ratio features with smooth vertical walls.
Źródło:
Materiały Elektroniczne; 2011, T. 39, nr 2, 2; 31-34
0209-0058
Pojawia się w:
Materiały Elektroniczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Perspektywy zastosowania naturalnych bentonitów w technologii ścieków przemysłowych
Perspectives of Natural Bentonite Application in Industrial Wastewater Treatment
Autorzy:
Góra, W.
Góra, P.
Jaszczyszyn, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1818035.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Politechnika Koszalińska. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
Tematy:
bentonit
montmorylonit
technologia ścieków
oczyszczanie ścieków przemysłowych
bentonite
montmorillonite
wastewater technology
industrial wastewater treatment
Opis:
The article presents the possibilities and directions of natural bentonite application in the industrial wastewater technology. The food industry, and electromechanical as well as chemical industries were presented as the examples. On the basis of the selected cases, the advisability of natural bentonite application in wastewater treatment technology has been assessed. The analysis included the possible ecological effect, economics of the process and the sludge management.
Źródło:
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska; 2016, Tom 18, cz. 2; 940-951
1506-218X
Pojawia się w:
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 30

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