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Tytuł:
Od rozpadu ZSRR do niepodległej Armenii
From the Break-Up of the Soviet Union to Independent Armenia
Autorzy:
Furier, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1964107.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-07-27
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Opis:
The paper discusses the period of the most recent history of this Caucasian country, a history that is little known in Poland. It embraces the years from the establishment of Armenian anti-communist opposition before the break-up of the Soviet Union, until the establishment of political transformation following the presidential elections of 1998. Armenia had gone a dramatic way in that period, fighting for its position among the independent countries of the world. The fact that it had to make decisive political choices, so that its inhabitants could survive, put o ff the discussion on the political shape of the state. The fight for the shape of its borders was of principal importance, it concentrated on the aspirations to attach the Upper Karabach. The threat to independence on the part of Azerbaijan, initially supported by the Soviet centres, was too high to peacefully order home affairs. In the end of the twentieth century the political situation in Armenia was still far from being stable. The key to internal transformations remained the problem with the Upper Karabach whose solution was inseparably linked by the staff of President Robert Koczarian with the independent of the country. Linked with the West by its contracts on oil exploitation, Azerbaijan stood in opposition to Russia, hence the latter became a natural ally of Armenia. The transformations in Armenia are interesting for Poles owing to centuries old Polish-Armenian relations. This interest was increased by the apostolic visit of Pope John Paul II, the visit announced by the Vatican which had not taken place. In the period under discussion there is a willingness to establish good mutual contacts, especially after the aid that Poland had given after the earthquake in Armenia in 1988. The Armenians took also diplomatic measures whose goal was to tighten cooperation in Poland. The embassy of Armenia was opened in Warsaw, and President R. Koczarian paid one of his first visits abroad to Poland in 1999.
Źródło:
Studia Polonijne; 2001, 22; 91-107
0137-5210
Pojawia się w:
Studia Polonijne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
I wojna światowa na Bałkanach. Działania militarne i polityczne w latach 1914–1918. Studia i materiały, pod red. Andrzeja Krzaka
Autorzy:
Furier, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/557375.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
Źródło:
Bezpieczeństwo. Teoria i Praktyka; 2015, 1; 109-113
1899-6264
2451-0718
Pojawia się w:
Bezpieczeństwo. Teoria i Praktyka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Polskie badania Kaukazu a wyzwania współczesnej nauki
Autorzy:
Furier, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/568964.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Caucasology
Kremlinology
methodology
history
political science
Кавказоведение
советология
россиеведение
методология
история
политология
Opis:
Polish contacts with the Caucasus region one date back to the late Middle Ages, and intensified in the period of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth’s greatness, as it sought allies in that region in the fight against Turkey. After the partition of Poland in the 19th century a large group of Poles – several hundred thousand strong – was exiled to Caucasus. They were political exiles and soldiers serving in the Russian army, and later civilians of various professions. Their fates become at first the subject of interest of memoirs authors, and later the subject ofscientific research. This promoted Polish-Caucasian relations, which reached its apogee in the interwar period. It was connected with the Promethean movement, which then gained wide popularity in Poland. Hitherto achievements of the Polish Caucasology invites us to reflect on its condition today. The paper aims to present the most important changes in Polish studies of Caucasus, focusing on the most recent achievements. The purpose of this activity was to determinante the feasibility of Polish Caucasology in solving research problems. Therefore, an attempt was made to analyse Polish Caucasological publication, paying particular attention to the area of the issue of research, the methodology used and the cognitive value of results. Attention was focused on several selected publications, which according to the author characterized the most important directions of research of contemporary Polish Caucasology. This applies to the work of Polish scholars and those from the West, which lived to see the Polish editions. This stems from the belief that it is this group of publications that have the greatest impact on the face of contemporary Caucasus research in Poland, and thus the strongest influence on the younger generation of researchers. Analysis of the achievements of contemporary Polish Caucasus studies demonstrate their intensive development. This applies both to a significant expansion of the area of research interests of Polish Caucasologists, as well as the intensification of scientific exchange with foreign centres. After a period of domination of historical issues we can observed expanding interests in various areas of contemporary political and social change. In recent years, there have been publications of results of own research on the problems of the political elite and the mechanisms of governance in Caucasus. Scientific level of these publications is extremely diversified– from highly original research to repetitive works and compilations. It is difficult to blame for this state of affairs only researchers who have not yet livedto see a single Caucasological research centre. It is an example of the lack of ability to adapt the structure and organization to current needs in Polish science.
Польские контакты с Кавказом начались еще в конце Средневековья, а усилились в период I Польской Республики, которая искала союзников в этом регионе в борьбе против Турции. После раздела Польши в девятнадцатом веке на Кавказ попало несколько сотен тысяч поляков. Сначала это были политические ссыльные и солдаты, удерживаемые службой в российской армии, а позже представители гражданских профессий. Их судьба стала во-первых увлекать авторов многих воспоминаний, а затем стала предметом исследования. Это способствовало усилению польско-кавказского сближения, апогей которого имел место между мировыми войнами. Это было связано с прометеевским движением, которое в то время завоевало большую популярность в Польше. Теперешние достижения польской кавказологии заставляют задуматься над ее современной ситуацией. Статья является попыткой представить наиболее важные изменения в польских исследованиях Кавказа, с акцентированием внимания на самых последних достижениях. Цель этой деятельности заключается в определении целесообразности польского исследования Кавказа в решении исследовательских задач. Таким образом, была предпринятапопытка анализа польских кавказологических публикаций, с обращением особого внимания на вопросы исследования, используемуюметодику и ценность когнитивной деятельности. Особое внимание уделено нескольким избранным публикациям, которые, по мнению автора, наиболее важны и характеризуют современную польскую кавказологию. Это касается как работ польских ученых, так и западных публикаций, которые дождались польского издания. Такая позиция проистекает из убеждения, что именно эта группа изданий оказывает наибольшее влияние на современные исследования в Польше, и, следовательно, – наиболее сильное вли- яние на молодое поколение исследователей. Анализ научных достижений в современных польских исследованиях Кавказа позволяет констатировать их интенсивное развитие. Это относится как к значительному расширению области научных интересов польских кавказоведов, так и к интенсификации научного обмена с зарубежными центрами. После периода доминирования исторических вопросов, имеет место охват анализом различных областей современных политических и социальных перемен. В последние годы появились публикации, содержащие результаты собственных исследований по проблемам политической элиты и механизмов управления на Кавказе. Научный уровень этих публикаций чрезвычайно разнообразен – начинаясь от весьма оригинальных и заканчиваясь вторичными исследованиями и компиляциями. Трудно винить в таком положении дел только самих исследователей, которые еще не дожили до появления единого научнисследовательского кавказологического центра. Это пример отсутствия способностей к адаптации структуры и организации польской науки к текущим потребностям.
Źródło:
Nowa Polityka Wschodnia; 2014, 2(7); 103-133
2084-3291
Pojawia się w:
Nowa Polityka Wschodnia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Polityka Rosji a bezpieczeństwo państw Europy Wschodniej po 1991 roku
Politics of Russia and Security of Eastern Europe after 1991
Россия и политика безопасности Восточной Европы после 1991 года
Autorzy:
Furier, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/568368.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Russia
Eastern Europe
Ukraine
Caucasus
Georgia
foreign policy
security
war
Россия
Восточная Европа
Украина
Кавказ
Грузия
внешней политики
безопасности
войнa
Opis:
The paper Politics of Russia and security of Eastern Europe after 1991 examines the impact of policy on Russia after 1991, the safety of Eastern Europe. The author focused on activities of Russia to Ukraine and the Caucasus at the beginning of the 21st century. In that time is the activation of Western policy in the region. NATO turns out logistical support of the region’s States in the reconstruction and modernization of the armed forces. Russia’s response to the aggressive military action, the effect of which was the war with Georgia in 2008 and annexation of Crimea in 2014. It takes place now hybrid warfare with the Alliance and consolidated at the same countries such as Ukraine. The escalation of the aggressive actions of Russia threatens regional and delay the integration of Eastern European States with the European Union.
Статья исследует влияние политики России после 1991 года на безопасность Восточной Европы. Автор сосредоточен на деятельности России в Украине и на Кавказе в начале XXI века и активации западной политики в регионе. НАТО оказывает материально-техническую поддержку государствoм реги- она в реконструкции и модернизации вооруженных сил. Российский ответ агрессивные военные действия – войны с Грузией в 2008 году, аннексия Кры- ма в 2014 году и войнa в Сирии. Эскалация агрессивных действий России угрожает безопасности региональной и интеграции государств Восточной Европы с Европейским Союзом.
Źródło:
Nowa Polityka Wschodnia; 2018, 1(16); 7-25
2084-3291
Pojawia się w:
Nowa Polityka Wschodnia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kultura gruzińska a europejska - z historii wzajemnych oddziaływań
Autorzy:
Furier, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/631224.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Caucasus
Georgians
Georgian culture
Europe
Georgian emigration
Russia
Opis:
The article attempts to present selected elements of the complex interactions on the Georgian-European axis since the ancient times to the present day. Georgia’s location at the crossroads of Europe and Asia made western and eastern influences collide there, in all areas of social life-from politics, to material and spiritual culture. The development of Georgian culture has always been closely linked to political developments, and in some sense forced to adapt itself in this field. The first period of encounter between Georgian and European culture took place in ancient times. Mutual contacts were then sporadic in nature and were limited to selected sites, such as Greek factories on the Georgian coast of the Black Sea. In the Middle Ages the number of contacts increased and their nature changed. They reached all corners of Georgia, as well as its rulers, and did not concern trade only. Georgian thinkers participated in the exchange of intellectual property, co-creating philosophy, social and religious thought. What is more, with the unification of Georgian territories by the native dynasty of Bagrationi, the number of political contacts also multiplied. The history of the dynasty is inextricably bound with that of Georgia. They began their rule in the early 9th century, as presiding princes in the historic southwestern Georgia and the adjacent Georgian marchlands reconquered from Arabs. Subsequently, in 888, they restored the Georgian kingdom, which prospered from the 11th to the 13th century, bringing several regional polities under its control. This period of time, particularly the reign of David IV (1089–1125) and his great granddaughter Tamar (1184–1213), is celebrated as a “golden age” in the history of Georgia, the era of imperial grandeur, military exploits, and remarkable achievements in culture. Georgian rulers tried to use contacts with the Crusaders to achieve its political objectives. The reign of David IV and the Battle of Didgori in 1121, discussed in the article, may serve as an example here. After the fragmentation of their unified feudal state in the late 15th century, the branches of the Bagrationi house ruled the three breakaway Georgian kingdoms-Kartli, Kakheti, and Imereti-until the Russian annexation in the early 19th century. In the next period of the Georgian feudal monarchy, the nature of the country’s contacts with Europe underwent another change. This was due to the increased interest in the region from the most powerful states in contemporary Europe-Poland and France. There the Georgians sought allies to fight in Turkey, using Catholic missionaries. Although not able to execute those plans, the journeys of missionaries resulted in many descriptions of the Caucasus, which enriched the knowledge of Europeans of this peripheral region of the continent. A fundamental change in the situation occurred with the acquisition of Georgia through Russia, an intermediary in contacts with Europe. This allowed to eliminate the 19th century pressure of the predatory neighbors from the south. Russification policy the Georgians were subjected to suppressed their own national revival, whose authors were educated in the schools represented by the new elite. Politically, their actions resulted in the 20th century revival of the Georgian state. In all periods of Georgia’s history, western and eastern influences clashed, with the former dominating at first, yet over time the importance of the latter grew. Georgian openness to European cultural models encountered many obstacles that hindered their assimilation. The most important difference here was the custom and traditions, and a pace of development much slower than in Europe. To Georgians, acquisition of western models has a meaning as part of the modernization of their country. Hence the interest in Europe has reached the largest dimensions at the beginning of the 20th century, when Georgian elites had their own state of ore mining. In Europe, there were the then world’s political and economic centers. After World War II, the situation has changed and the United States of America began to display a greater interest in the Georgia. This led to the 1991 Soviet Union’s wider exposure to cultural patterns there. On April 9, 1991, shortly before the collapse of the USSR, Georgia declared independence. On May 26, 1991, Zviad Gamsakhurdia was elected as the first President of independent Georgia. Gamsakhurdia stoked Georgian nationalism and vowed to assert Tbilisi’s authority over regions such as Abkhazia and South Ossetia, which had been classified as autonomous oblasts under the Soviet Union. However, this is a topic for a separate article.
Źródło:
Studia Europaea Gnesnensia; 2010, 1-2; 119-139
2082-5951
Pojawia się w:
Studia Europaea Gnesnensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Iwona Kabzińska, Między pragnieniem ideału a rzeczywistością. Polacy na Litwie, Białorusi i Ukrainie w okresie transformacji systemowej przełomu XX i XXI stulecia, Zakład Wydawniczy Letter Quality, Warszawa 2009, ss. 228
Autorzy:
Furier, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2168271.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010-06-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Źródło:
Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne; 2010, 24; 212-216
1505-2192
Pojawia się w:
Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
9 Aprili. Sakarthwelos szinagan sakmeta saministros arkiwi, kierownik projektu Omar Tuszuraszwili, Tbilisi 2017, ss. 212
Autorzy:
Furier, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2234991.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
Źródło:
Studia z Dziejów Rosji i Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej; 2021, 56, 1; 193-196
2353-6403
1230-5057
Pojawia się w:
Studia z Dziejów Rosji i Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Recenzja książki: Zurab Gaiparaszwili (red.), Akarthwelos Demokratiuli Respublika (1918–1921). enciklopedia-leksikoni, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi 2018, ss. 554
Autorzy:
Furier, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2185176.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Źródło:
Copernicus Political and Legal Studies; 2022, 4; 127-130
2720-6998
Pojawia się w:
Copernicus Political and Legal Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Niemieckie kontakty z Kaukazem w XVIII i XIX w.
German contacts with the Caucasus in the 18th and 19th centuries
Контакты Германии с Кавказом в XVIII и XIX веках.
Autorzy:
Furier, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/52589718.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Germany
Caucasus
Georgia
Azerbaijan
Armenia
German research into the Caucasus
German settlement in the Caucasus
Германия
Кавказ
Грузия
Азербайджан
Армения
немецкое исследование Кавказа
немецкие поселения на Кавказе
Opis:
The paper presents the initial period of German-Caucasian contacts, which includes the activity of German travelers, scientists and settlers in the 18th and 19th centuries. These activities were carried out during the period of Russian rule over Caucasus. The influence of the unification of Germany in 1871 on the intensification of German-Caucasian relations and a change in their character was noted. From then on, they were an element of the foreign policy of the Second Reich, which increased German-Caucasian economic exchange and led to political cooperation in the 20th century.
В статье представлен начальный период германо-кавказских контактов, включающий деятельность немецких путешественников, учёных и поселенцев XVIII-XIX веков, осуществлявшуюся в период российского владычества на Кавказе. Отмечено влияние объединения Германии в 1871 году на активизацию германо-кавказских отношений и изменение их характера. С тех пор они стали элементом внешней политики Второго рейха, который увеличил германо-кавказский экономический обмен и привел к политическому сотрудничеству в XX веке.
Źródło:
Nowa Polityka Wschodnia; 2023, 4(39); 41-63
2084-3291
Pojawia się w:
Nowa Polityka Wschodnia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Serhij Seheda, Het’manśki mohyły
Autorzy:
Furier, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/557436.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
Źródło:
Bezpieczeństwo. Teoria i Praktyka; 2010, 3-4; 229-234
1899-6264
2451-0718
Pojawia się w:
Bezpieczeństwo. Teoria i Praktyka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kaukaz w polskich planach walki o niepodległość w XIX wieku
Caucasus in Polish Plans for the Fight for Independence in the Nineteenth Century
Autorzy:
Furier, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1956389.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-04-24
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
Kaukaz
Polska
Turcja
walka o niepodległość
Hotel Lambert
XIX wiek
Caucasus
Polska
Turkey
the fight for the independence
19th century
Opis:
Imperialna polityka Cesarstwa Rosyjskiego doprowadziła pod koniec XVIII i na początku XIX wieku do zaboru przez to państwo części ziem polskich i Kaukazu. Dostrzegli to polscy politycy emigracyjni, którzy postanowili wykorzystać Kaukaz w walce o niepodległość Polski. W tym celu potrzebne było zbliżenie do Turcji, co pozostawało zbieżne z kierunkiem polityki zachodnich mocarstw – Anglii i Francji, dążących do powstrzymania rosyjskiej ekspansji w Europie i na Bliskim Wschodzie. Opierając się na wsparciu mocarstw zachodnich, wysłannicy kierującego polską polityką emigracyjną księcia Adama Jerzego Czartoryskiego rozwinęli w Turcji działalność skierowaną przeciw Rosji. Artykuł prezentuje polskie działania, których celem było przeniesienie walki o niepodległość na Kaukaz. Ich szczególne nasilenie przypada na okres między powstaniami listopadowym i styczniowym. Modernizująca się w XIX wieku Turcja potrzebowała kadrowego wsparcia, które zaoferowali jej Polacy. Ceną za możliwość działania w Turcji była często konwersja wyznaniowa na islam, co dla wielu Polaków stanowiło ogromny problem. Mimo to polscy wojskowi reformowali turecką armię i dowodzili jej oddziałami. Działając na terenie Turcji, stworzyli też plany walki o niepodległość uwzględniające wykorzystanie sił antyrosyjskich na Bałkanach i Kaukazie. Otworzyło to drogę do utworzenia tam polskich oddziałów wojskowych, które podjęły walkę z Rosją podczas wojny krymskiej i po niej. W artykule zaprezentowano zabiegi polskich wojskowych i emisariuszy wysyłanych przez Hotel Lambert na Kaukaz, wśród których największe zasługi miał Michał Czajkowski oraz generałowie: Wojciech Chrzanowski, Feliks Breański i Ludwik Bystrzonowski. Dopiero jednak w 1857 r. pułkownik Teofil Łapiński stworzył oddział wojskowy, który podjął walkę z wojskiem rosyjskim na Kaukazie. Artykuł podejmuje próbę krytycznej analizy dorobku, która obejmuje dwa elementy. Pierwszym polskim jest polemika z funkcjonującymi w Polsce stereotypami na temat Kaukazu. Drugim – zestawienie dotychczasowych ustaleń ze źródłami wytworzonymi w XIX wieku po rosyjskiej stronie frontu kaukaskiego przez polskich zesłańców i rosyjskie instytucje. Oba prowadzą do wniosku, że mimo niepowodzenia polskiej akcji militarnej na Kaukazie, podjęcie tam działań dowodzi determinacji i rozległości horyzontów myślowych polskich środowisk niepodległościowych w XIX wieku.
The imperial policy of the Russian Empire led to the annexation of part of the Polish lands and the Caucasus by the end of the 18th and the beginning of the 19th century. This was noticed by Polish emigre politicians who decided to use the Caucasus in the fight for Polish independence. To this end, it was necessary to get closer to Turkey, which coincided with the direction of the policy of the Western powers – England and France, striving to stop Russian expansion in Europe and the Middle East. Based on the support of the Western powers, the envoys of Adam Jerzy Czartoryski, who runs the Polish emigre policy, have developed activities in Turkey against Russia. The article presents Polish actions aimed at transferring the struggle for independence to the Caucasus. Their particular intensity falls on the period between the November and January uprisings in Poland. Modernizing in the nineteenth century, Turkey needed the staff support that the Poles offered to her. The price for the possibility of acting in Turkey was often religious conversion to Islam, which for many Poles was a huge problem. Nevertheless, the Polish military reformed the Turkish army and commanded its troops. Operating in Turkey, they also created plans for the fight for independence, taking into account the use of anti-Russian forces in the Balkans and the Caucasus. This opened the way to the creation of Polish military units there, which took up the fight there with Russia during the Eastern War and after it. The article presents the treatment of Polish military and emissaries sent by Hotel Lambert to the Caucasus, among whom the greatest merit was given to Michał Czajkowski and generals: Wojciech Chrzanowski, Feliks Breański and Ludwik Bystrzonowski. However, it was not until 1857 that Colonel Teofil Łapiński created a military unit that fought with the Russian army in the Caucasus. The article attempts a critical analysis of the achievements, which includes two elements. The first is the polemic with the stereotypes in Poland about the Caucasus. The second is the comparison of the existing arrangements with sources produced in the nineteenth century on the Russian side of the Caucasian front by Polish exiles and Russian institutions. Both lead to the conclusion that despite the failure of the Polish military action in the Caucasus, taking action there proves the determination and vastness of the intellectual horizons of Polish independence environments in the nineteenth century.
Źródło:
Studia Polonijne; 2019, 40; 101-122
0137-5210
Pojawia się w:
Studia Polonijne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Z historii katolickiej parafii w Baku w drugiej połowie XIX wieku
From the History of Catholic Parish in Baku in the Second Half of 19th Century
Autorzy:
Furier, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1963036.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-07-27
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Opis:
Azerbaijan is a country with Islam as dominant religion. In the past, believers of other religions also lived there. In the first centuries AD a Christian Caucasian Albania existed in today’s bordering area of Azerbaijan and Dagestan. However, Christianity failed to take deeply root in the east of Transcaucasia, because of the strong influences of Zoroastrism and Islam brought in 7th century by the Arabs. The Catholic missions from 17th century on the Azerian territory were conducted by Jesuits, Carmelites and Dominicans. There was an moment, when the history of the Azeris and Poland met − one of the most known missioners was a Polish Jesuit, Tadeusz Krusiński. In 19th century the territory of Azerbaijan was taken by Russia, what changed the situation for the benefit of Christianity, mostly for Orthodox Church. However, also the first Catholic chapels were founded at garrisons, where soldiers of Polish nationality in the Russian army were stationed. When the number of Poles in the Russian army decreased, the authorities tried to take over these sanctuaries for the Orthodox Church’s needs. After the soldiers, also a civilian Polish community appeared in the late 19th century in Azerbaijan, and its most important centre was city of Baku – Poles formed the majority of Catholics in this city. Their efforts to build a Catholic church in Baku started very early, even in 40s of 19th century, but with no results. Tsarist bureaucracy very long refused to gave an permission − this article, based on sources from Central Historical Archive of the Republic of Azerbaijan, describes this struggle between Polish Catholic community and the office of Governor of Baku, presents also Catholic community's efforts to raise funds for building. Only in 1894 first provisional chapel were built, and in 1910 − the Parish Church of Immaculate Conception. This church was not only a religious, but also cultural and educational centre of Polish community in Baku. Unfortunately, the church existed only few years: after Bolshevik Revolution in 1917 and creation of the Azerbaijan Soviet Republic, the politics of militant atheism came. Most of Poles fled from Baku, all property of Parish (together with buildings) was confiscated, and the clergy was persecuted. The builder of church, priest Stefan Demurow, was arrested in 1937 and probably executed on Moscow.
Źródło:
Studia Polonijne; 2008, 29; 263-281
0137-5210
Pojawia się w:
Studia Polonijne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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