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    Wyświetlanie 1-17 z 17
    Tytuł:
    Characteristics of Melt Cast Compositions Based on cis-1,3,4,6-Tetranitrooctahydroimidazo-[4,5 d] imidazole (BCHMX)/TNT
    Autorzy:
    Elbeih, A.
    Zeman, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358268.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    nitramines
    BCHMX
    sensitivity
    detonation
    brisance
    Opis:
    cis-1,3,4,6-Tetranitrooctahydroimidazo-[4,5 d]imidazole (BCHMX) is a new bicyclic nitramine which has been prepared using a two-stage synthetic method. In this work, a new melt cast composition based on BCHMX/TNT (60/40 by wt.) was prepared. For comparison purposes, Composition B based on RDX (1,3,5-trinitro1,3,5-triazacyclohexane)/TNT (60/40 by wt.), and HMX (1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7tetraazacyclooctane)/TNT (60/40 by wt.) were also studied. Impact and friction sensitivities of these compositions and of the individual explosives were determined. The detonation velocities were measured experimentally. The performance of the compositions prepared was studied by measuring the brisance using the Kast method. The detonation parameters of the compositions and the individual explosives were calculated using the EXPLO5 thermodynamic code. The results show that mixing these nitramines with TNT decreases their sensitivities. BCHMX/TNT is more sensitive to impact and friction than Composition B while it has higher detonation parameters, at the same level as HMX/TNT. In comparison, BCHMX/TNT has the highest relative brisance of the compositions studied. It is postulated that the higher performance characteristics of BCHMX and compositions based on it, in comparison with those of HMX, are due to a higher positive heat of formation for this nitramine.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2014, 11, 4; 501-513
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Path to ε-HNIW with Reduced Impact Sensitivity
    Autorzy:
    Elbeih, A.
    Husarova, A.
    Zeman, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358508.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    HNIW
    crystallization
    thermal stability
    impact sensitivity
    SEM
    Opis:
    New purification method was applied to obtain epsilon HNIW (ε-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane, ε-HNIW) which has low impact sensitivity. The method is based on removing the impurities from a solution of alpha HNIW (ε-HNIW) by a chemical reaction to obtain pure epsilon form. For comparison, selected different published methods for recrystallization of HNIW to obtain the epsilon form were studied. All the selected methods are based on solvent-antisolvent technique. The optimum parameters, such as type of solvent and anti-solvent, volume ratio of solvent to anti-solvent, rate of addition, speed of stirring, etc., were applied to enhance the crystal size and shape of ε-HNIW. Checking the polymorphs of the obtained HNIW was done by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The thermal stability of the prepared samples was studied by using differential thermal analysis technique (DTA). Qualitative analysis of the crystal size and shape was done using scanning electron microscope (SEM) devise. Quantitative measurement of the crystals sizes for the studied samples was determined by Laser scattering particle size distribution analyzer. Impact sensitivity was measured by falling hammer test. The results indicate that all the applied methods of recrystallization give ε-HNIW. The impact sensitivity of HNIW decreases by obtaining small particles with regular shape. All the used published methods produce ε-HNIW with higher impact sensitivity than other nitramines. While the obtained crystals from the new method has regular smooth surface, with small particle size and its impact sensitivity is lower than RDX and HMX.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2011, 8, 3; 173-182
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Effect of polar plasticizers on the characteristics of selected cyclic nitramines
    Autorzy:
    Elbeih, A.
    Zeman, S.
    Pachman, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358627.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    energetic materials
    polymers
    sensitivity
    combustion
    thermal stability
    Opis:
    Dioctyl sebacate (DOS) is a plasticizer used with oily material for the softening of polyisobutylene binder (PIB) to form a polymeric matrix. This matrix was used for the preparation of various plastic explosives. The following energetic cyclic nitramines were used as explosive fillers: BCHMX (cis-1,3,4,6- tetranitrooctahydroimidazo [4,5 d]imidazole), ε-HNIW (ε-2,4,6,8,10,12- hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane), RDX (1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5- triazacyclohexane), and HMX (1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazacyclooctane). For comparison, Fluorel binder was used for the preparation of several plastic bonded explosives (PBXs) based on the same selected explosives. Impact and friction sensitivities of the prepared samples and the pure explosive fillers were measured. The thermal stability was studied using differential thermal analysis (DTA). High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to detect the presence of BCHMX dissolved in dioctyl sebacate (DOS). The heat of combustion of the prepared samples and of the pure explosive fillers was measured using a bomb calorimetry. The results show that PIB softened by plasticizer (DOS) has a greater positive effect on decreasing the impact sensitivity of the studied pure explosives than Fluorel binder. On the other hand, the plasticizer acts as a solvent for the energetic materials and decreases the decomposition temperature of these plastic explosives.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2013, 10, 3; 339-349
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    High Penetration Performance of Powder Metallurgy Copper-Tungsten Shaped Charge Liners
    Autorzy:
    Elshenawy, T.
    Abdo, G.
    Elbeih, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358754.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    penetration
    copper-tungsten liner
    RDX
    jet formation
    Autodyn
    Opis:
    Copper tungsten liner manufactured using uniaxial pressing technique has been characterized numerically and experimentally in comparison with a baseline shaped charge copper liner produced by deep drawing technique. The jet properties resulted from these two shaped charges were different according to their liner types and relevant densities which affect the resultant penetration depths into rolled homogeneous armour (RHA) targets. Different copper-tungsten powder liners have been studied and analysed using Autodyn hydrocode, from which an optimum powder design was chosen based on its maximum jet kinetic energy that can be coherent. The compacted liner elastic properties have been measured using SONELASTIC apparatus, whereas its real density is determined using helium gas pycnometer. Baseline copper liner obtained by deep drawing technique of uniform density exhibited lower penetration depth in comparison with the copper-tungsten liner (higher density powder). Besides, the penetration crater resulted from the powder liner showed clean hole without clogging because there was no massive slug as in the case of the copper liners. Experimental field tests of the two liners against (RHA) targets exhibited different penetrations depths, which have been accounted in this research.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2018, 15, 4; 610-628
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Thermal Behavior and Decomposition Kinetics of RDX and RDX/HTPB Composition Using Various Techniques and Methods
    Autorzy:
    Abd-Elghany, M.
    Elbeih, A.
    Hassanein, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358304.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    RDX
    RDX/HTPB
    thermal decomposition
    model fitting
    model free
    Opis:
    In this paper, the thermal behavior and decomposition kinetics of trinitrohexahydrotriazine (RDX) and its polymer bonded explosive (PBX) containing a hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) based polyurethane binder in the ratio 80% RDX/ 20% HTPB were investigated using various experimental techniques and analytical methods. The HTPB polyurethane matrix contains other additives and was cured using hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Vacuum Stability Test (VST) and Ignition Delay Techniques were applied both isothermally and non-isothermally. The kinetic parameters were determined using both the isoconversional (model free) and the model-fitting methods. For comparison, Advanced Kinetics and Technology Solution (AKTS) software was also used. It was found that the addition of an HTPB-based polyurethane matrix to pure RDX decreased its decomposition temperature. It was also found that RDX/HTPB has a lower activation energy than pure RDX. The polyurethane matrix had a significant effect on the decomposition mechanism of RDX resulting in different reaction models. It was concluded that the activation energies obtained using the Ozawa, Flynn, and Wall (OFW) and Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) methods were very close to the results obtained via the AKTS software lying in the range 218.3-220.2 kJ•mol−1. The VST technique yielded kinetic parameters close to those obtained using TG/DTG. On the other hand, the Ignition Delay Technique yielded different and inconsistent kinetic parameters.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2016, 13, 3; 714-735
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Performance and Detonation Characteristics of Polyurethane Matrix Bonded Attractive Nitramines
    Autorzy:
    Elbeih, A.
    Wafy, T. Z.
    Elshenawy, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358369.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    BCHMX
    HNIW
    detonation
    shaped charge
    brisance
    Opis:
    Several cast-cured plastic bonded explosives (PBXs) based on cyclic nitramines bonded by a polyurethane matrix have been prepared and studied. The nitramines were ε-CL20 (ε-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane, ε-HNIW), BCHMX (bicyclo-HMX, cis-1,3,4,6-tetranitro-octahydroimidazo-[4,5-d]imidazole), RDX (1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazacyclohexane) and HMX (1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetraazacyclooctane). The detonation velocities were measured experimentally. The brisance of the prepared compositions was determined by the Kast method. The penetration performance of shaped charges filled with the prepared compositions was measured experimentally. The detonation parameters of the studied compositions and the individual explosives were calculated using the EXPLO5 thermodynamic code. It was concluded that CL20-HTPB has the highest detonation characteristics and performance of all of the prepared PBXs. BCHMX-HTPB is an interesting PBX with performance and detonation characteristics higher than those of RDX-HTPB. A linear relationship between the detonation pressures of the prepared PBXs and their performances in terms of the explosive brisance was observed; while the penetration depths formed by the shaped charge jets depended on the Gurney velocity of the studied PBXs samples.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2017, 14, 1; 77-89
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Recent Advances in the Study of the Initiation of Energetic Materials Using the Characteristics of Their Thermal Decomposition Part II. Using Simple Differential Thermal Analysis
    Autorzy:
    Zeman, S.
    Yan, Q.-L.
    Elbeih, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358712.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    activation energy
    detonation velocity
    DTA
    explosives
    initiation
    nitramines
    PBX
    thermal decomposition
    Opis:
    Simple Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA), with evaluation of its output by the Kissinger method, was used in the case of emulsion explosives and, as an advanced application, for several plastic bonded explosives (PBXs). In both of these kinds of explosive the square of their detonation velocities, D2, is used as their performance characteristic. A relationship between the slope of the Kissinger equation, EaT-1, and the D2 values makes it possible to formulate a possible mechanism for the initiation of emulsion explosives. Regarding PBXs, it would seem possible to postulate a change in the detonation chemistry of plastic bonded nitramines, depending on the pressure and temperature in the zone of the detonation wave, particularly in the case of CL-20 fillers. Binders with aromatic building units in their macromolecular structure seem to be less-favoured in terms of their thermal reactivity and performance than the final PBXs. These findings document the advantages of the above-mentioned application of simple DTA.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2014, 11, 3; 395-404
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Some Relationships Among Thermal Properties, Detonation Parameters and Sensitivity of Nitramine Fillers in Formex Based PBXs
    Autorzy:
    Yan, Q. L.
    Zeman, S.
    Elbeih, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/403903.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Wojskowa Akademia Techniczna im. Jarosława Dąbrowskiego
    Tematy:
    explosives
    PBXs
    detonation parameters
    Opis:
    Thermal behavior and decomposition kinetics of formex-bonded on some attractive cyclic nitramines (BCHMX, HMX, RDX and CL-20) were investigated by means of nonisothermal Thermogravimetry (TG) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Besides, their detonation parameters have been calculated by EXPLO 5 code. It was found that the effect of formex polymer base on thermal decomposition of HMX is different from other cyclic nitramines, namely, the formex base could increase the activation energy of HMX while decrease that of others. Besides, the logarithm of volume heat of detonation for formex based explosives is linearly dependent on their time constant of initiation. Furthermore, on one hand, except for RDX, the heat of detonation decreases with the increase of activation energy, and the spark energy and impact energy of cyclic nitramine fillers decreases with the increase of the critical temperature of their PBXs. On the other hand, except for HMX, the rate constant of PBXs is linearly dependent on the impact sensitivity of their pure nitramine fillers.
    Źródło:
    Problemy Mechatroniki : uzbrojenie, lotnictwo, inżynieria bezpieczeństwa; 2013, 4, 2 (12); 7-17
    2081-5891
    Pojawia się w:
    Problemy Mechatroniki : uzbrojenie, lotnictwo, inżynieria bezpieczeństwa
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Effect of Different Copper Salts on the Mechanical and Ballistic Characteristics of Double Base Rocket Propellants
    Autorzy:
    Abdel-Ghani, N.
    Elbeih, A.
    Helal, F.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/357974.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    double base rocket propellant
    burning rate modifiers
    ballistic performance
    mechanical properties
    Opis:
    This paper discusses the enhancement in the ballistic performance of double base rocket propellants (DBRPs) by the addition of different copper salts vs lead salts as burning rate modifiers through stable combustion and the formation of a plateau region in the low pressure region. Compositions based on DBRPs containing different percentages of lead stearate and different types of copper salts were prepared and studied. For comparison, a conventional DBRP was studied. The ignition temperature and heat of combustion were determined experimentally, and the mechanical properties were measured and evaluated. The performance in terms of ballistic characteristics (burning rate, operating pressure) were measured at different throat diameters (8, 8.5, 9, 9.5 mm) and at different temperatures (−20 and 50 °C). Specific impulses were calculated using the ICT thermodynamic code. The experimental data from the proportional study indicate that the compositions containing the studied burning rate modifiers are superior to the original DBRP in respect of ballistic performance and mechanical properties.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2016, 13, 2; 469-482
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    A Modified Penetration Model for Copper-Tungsten Shaped Charge Jets with Non-uniform Density Distribution
    Autorzy:
    Elshenawy, T.
    Elbeih, A.
    Li, Q. M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358894.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    shaped charge
    jet penetration
    virtual origin
    non-uniform density distribution
    Opis:
    The penetration of a shaped charge jet with non-uniform density distribution was studied. The virtual origin model, which assumes a constant jet density, was modified to include the situation where the jet density deficit/reduction of an un-sintered copper-tungsten powder jet causes a non-uniform jet density distribution. A relation between the relative density ratio and the normalised jet velocity is proposed, based on which an analytical solution of the modified virtual origin model is obtained. The validity of the modified virtual origin model was demonstrated by its largely improved prediction in comparison with experimental and numerical results. It showed that the density reduction term reduces the penetration depth by 16.58% for an un-sintered copper-tungsten powder jet.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2016, 13, 4; 927-943
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Replacement of PETN by Bicyclo-HMX in Semtex 10
    Autorzy:
    Elbeih, A.
    Pachman, J.
    Zeman, S.
    Akstein, Z.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/403386.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Wojskowa Akademia Techniczna im. Jarosława Dąbrowskiego
    Tematy:
    chemical engineering
    plastic explosive
    detonation characteristics
    Opis:
    Bicyclo-HMX (BCHMX) was studied in the form of a plastic explosive bonded by the plastic matrix of the explosive Semtex 10 and the results were compared with the original Semtex 10 which contains PETN as an explosive filler. The tests included measurements in the sensitivity to impact and friction. The thermal stability was studied using differential thermal analysis (DTA) with the evaluation of the outputs using the Kissinger method. The detonation velocity was measured experimentally and the detonation characteristics were calculated by means of EXPLO 5 code and the Kamlet & Jacobs method. On the basis of mutual comparison of all the obtained results, it was concluded that replacement of PETN by Bicyclo-HMX enhances the friction sensitivity, thermal stability and the detonation parameters of the explosive Semtex 10, while the impact sensitivity is approximately the same. Calculated results of EXPLO 5 code showed good agreement with the experimental detonation velocities.
    Źródło:
    Problemy Mechatroniki : uzbrojenie, lotnictwo, inżynieria bezpieczeństwa; 2010, 1, 2 (2); 7-16
    2081-5891
    Pojawia się w:
    Problemy Mechatroniki : uzbrojenie, lotnictwo, inżynieria bezpieczeństwa
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Effect of Different Polymeric Matrices on the Sensitivity and Performance of Interesting Cyclic Nitramines
    Autorzy:
    Elbeih, A.
    Zeman, S.
    Jungova, M.
    Akstein, Z.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358359.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    HNIW
    BCHMX
    RDX
    HMX
    sensitivity
    performance
    Opis:
    Different polymeric matrices, based on butadiene-styrene rubber, polymethyl-methacrylate and silicone binders, were investigated for their ability to decrease the sensitivity of explosives to different mechanical stimuli. A series of plastic explosives based on four different nitramines, namely RDX (1,3,5-trinitro- 1,3,5-triazacyclohexane), β-HMX (β-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazacyclooctane), BCHMX (bicycloHMX, cis-1,3,4,6-tetranitro-octahydroimidazo-[4,5- d ]imidazole) and ε -HNIW (ε -2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane, ε-CL-20), bonded by the selected polymeric matrices were prepared. Sensitivity to impact of all of the plastic explosives prepared as well as of the pure explosives, was measured using the fall hammer test. Sensitivity to friction was determined using the BAM friction test. The performance was studied using the ballistic mortar test and the results were recorded relative to TNT (trinitrotoluene) as reference. By comparing the results of impact and friction sensitivities, it is obvious that the mechanism of transfer of the friction force to the reaction center of the nitramine molecule should be different from that of impact energy transfer. The silicone binder appeared to be the best polymer for decreasing the sensitivity of explosives. The results of the ballistic mortar proved that the performance of the plastic explosives prepared is affected by the type and weight percentage of the binder in each sample.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2012, 9, 2; 131-138
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Application of BCHMX in Shaped Charges against RHA Targets Compared to Different Nitramine Explosives
    Autorzy:
    Elbeih, A.
    Elshenawy, T.
    Zeman, S.
    Akstein, Z.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358768.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    BCHMX
    shaped charge
    jet penetration
    nitramines
    Opis:
    In this work, a new bicyclic nitramine, cis-1,3,4,6-tetranitro-octahydroimidazo-[4,5-d]imidazole (bicyclo-HMX or BCHMX), has been tested for its performance as a shaped charge explosive filler in comparison with three other interesting cyclic nitramines. Four shaped charges were prepared using different nitramine-based plastic bonded explosives (PBXs), and their performance was measured experimentally in terms of the penetration depth into laminated rolled homogeneous armour (RHA) targets. The explosive fillers were highly pressed PBXs based on RDX, HMX, BCHMX and CL-20, bonded by Viton A binder. The Autodyn numerical hydrocode was implemented to determine the shaped charge jet’s characteristics and its penetration depth. The experimental and calculated detonation characteristics of the explosives used are reported. Relationships between the detonation characteristics of the explosives and the jet characteristics were observed. The results show that CL-20 is the most powerful explosive, with the largest penetration depth into the RHA target, while BCHMX explosive has a relatively enhanced penetration depth with respect to RDX explosive. The results of the Autodyn code calculations are consistent with the experimental measurements, with a maximum difference of 6.6%.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2018, 15, 1; 3-17
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Influence of the Semtex Matrix on the Thermal Behavior and Decomposition Kinetics of Cyclic Nitramines
    Autorzy:
    Yan, Q. L.
    Zeman, S.
    Elbeih, A.
    Zbyněk, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/357984.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    cyclic nitramines
    thermal decomposition
    activation energy
    Semtex
    PBX
    Opis:
    The thermal behavior and decomposition kinetics of Semtex 10 polymeric matrix (Semtex) bonded PBXs containing RDX (1,3,5-trinitro 1,3,5-triazinane), HMX (1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane), BCHMX (cis-1,3,4,6tetranitrooctahydroimidazo [4,5-d] imidazole), HNIW (2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane) have been investigated by means of nonisothermal TG and DSC techniques. It is shown that only a single decomposition process occurs for RDX-SE and HMX-SE whilst an obvious two-step process occurs for CL-20-SE and BCHMX-SE. The onset of the exotherms were observed at 210.6, 239.7, 279.2 and 229.4 °C with the peak maxima at 232.2, 249.4, 280.4 and 240.2 °C, and energy changes of 1808, 2140, 612 and 1757 J·g-1 for RDX-SE, BCHMX-SE, HMX-SE and CL-20-SE, respectively. It has been found that the Semtex matrix has little influence on the activation energy distribution for RDX, BCHMX and ε-CL-20. The activation energies for BCHMX-SE and CL-20-SE decomposition are almost independent of the degree of conversion, with mean values of 159.6 ±1.9 and 187.3 ±1.8 kJ·mol-1. It has been proved that Semtex and Viton A are better binders than C4 and Formex for ε-CL-20 and RDX based PBXs in terms of their greater thermal stability, and Formex is a poor binder for BCHMX.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2013, 10, 4; 509-528
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Thermal Stability and Detonation Characteristics of Pressed and Elastic Explosives on the Basis of Selected Cyclic Nitramines
    Autorzy:
    Elbeih, A.
    Pachmáň, J.
    Zeman, S.
    Trzciński, W. A.
    Akstein, Z.
    Sućeska, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358014.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    detonation
    C4 matrix
    BCHMX
    HMX
    HNIW
    RDX
    stability
    Viton
    Opis:
    Bicyclo-HM X (cis-1,3,4,6-tetranitro-octahydroimidazo-[4,5-d] imidazole or BCHM X) was studied as a plastic explosive bonded with the C4 matrix and with Viton A. Also a series of nitramines namely RDX (1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5=triazinane), HM X (1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane) and HNIW (ĺ-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane, ĺ-CL-20) were studied for comparison with the same types of binders. The detonation velocity, D, of all prepared mixtures was measured. Their thermal stability was determined using non-isothermal differential thermal analysis (DTA). While the C4 matrix lowers the thermal stability of the resulting explosives, Viton A enhances this stability. Approximate relationships between the peaks of exothermic decomposition and the D values were found. The detonation parameters were also calculated by means of Kamlet & Jacobs method, CHEETAH and improved EXPLO5 code for all the mixtures. From the measured D values and the calculated detonation parameters, it is obvious that the detonation parameters of BCHM X-mixtures are very close to HM X-explosives and better than those of RDX-mixtures. It was found that the C4 matrix reduces the difference between the values of energy of detonation in the studied C4 mixtures. As expected, the pressed HNIW-Viton A mixture has the highest detonation parameters of all of the prepared mixtures.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2010, 7, 3; 217-232
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Concerning the shock sensitivity of cyclic nitramines incorporated into a polyisobutylene matrix
    Autorzy:
    Pelikán, W.
    Zeman, S.
    Yan, Q. L.
    Erben, M.
    Elbeih, A.
    Akštein, Z.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358036.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    BCHMX
    β-HMX
    RDX
    ε-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane
    CL-20
    gap test
    impact
    Opis:
    Two types of plastic bonded explosives (PBXs) based on ε-2,4,6,8,10,12hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane (ε-HNIW, CL-20), and PBXs based on 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane (RDX), β-1,3,4,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane (β-HMX) and cis-1,3,4,6-tetranitro-octahydroimidazo-[4,5-d]imidazole (bicycloHMX, BCHMX) were prepared using a polyisobutylene binder with dioctylsebacate (DOS) as plasticizer, i.e. a C4 matrix. One version of the ε-HNIW PBX is a product with reduced sensitivity (RS-ε-HNIW). All these PBXs, referenced respectively as RS-ε-HNIW-C4, ε-HNIW-C4, RDX-C4, HMX-C4 and BCHMX-C4, were tested using the Small Scale Gap Test according to STANAG 4488. The results of the gap test on the PBXs with RDX, β-HMX and BCHMX correspond to the impact sensitivities of the original crystalline nitramines. This is not entirely valid for ε-HNIW. In other words, PBXs with RS-ε-HNIW cannot achieve as low a shock sensitivity as would be expected from the differences obtained from the impact sensitivities between RDX, β-HMX and BCHMX, on the one hand, and RS-εHNIW on the other. It is shown that the morphological stability of RS-ε-HNIW in the C4 matrix is insufficient. However, further development and use of RS-ε-HNIW as a filler of PBXs would seem to be both desirable and beneficial. Despite the relatively high impact sensitivity of crystalline BCHMX, the shock sensitivity of its analogous C4 PBX is already good, and comparable with that of RS-ε-HNIW.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2014, 11, 2; 219-235
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Concerning the Shock Sensitivities of Certain Plastic Bonded Explosives Based on Attractive Cyclic Nitramines
    Autorzy:
    Zeman, S.
    Elbeih, A. E.
    Hussein, A.
    Elshenawy, T.
    Pelikán, V.
    Yan, Q-L.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358824.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    nitramines
    gap test
    PBX
    sensitivity
    performance
    Opis:
    Plastic bonded explosives (PBXs) based on ε-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane (ε-HNIW), 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane (RDX), β-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane (β-HMX) and cis-1,3,4,6-tetranitro-octahydroimidazo-[4,5-d]imidazole (BCHMX) were prepared using a hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene as a binder (HTPB) and cured with hexamethylene di-isocyanate (HMDI). Recently published data for analogous PBXs with a polyisobutylene binder (i.e. a C4 matrix) are also included. All of these PBXs were tested using the Small Scale Water Gap Test according to STANAG 4490, the results of which are directly proportional to the impact and friction sensitivities of the PBXs studied. Reciprocal ratios between the shock sensitivity of these PBXs and their performance were found using the volume heat of explosion as a variable; a semi-logarithmic analogue, using a representative of the detonation pressure (product ρD2) as a variable, has shown an opposite trend for three of these PBXs. A semi-logarithmic relationship between the shock sensitivity of the PBXs and the impact sensitivity of their pure nitramine fillers has confirmed the higher shock reactivity of the C4 PBXs filled with both technical ε-HNIW and RS-ε-HNIW, while for the HTPB PBXs filled with technical grade ε-HNIW, the shock sensitivity found was as expected. The shape and size of the particles should not be a reason for the increased resistance to shock of HMX-C4.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2017, 14, 4; 775-787
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-17 z 17

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