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    Wyświetlanie 1-4 z 4
    Tytuł:
    Obrazy wynagrodzeń i kosztów pracy w latach 1992-1999 w Polsce
    Autorzy:
    Daszkowski, Julian
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/books/1623095.zip
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/books/1623095.pdf
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/books/1623095.mobi
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/books/1623095.epub
    Data publikacji:
    2002
    Wydawca:
    Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie
    Opis:
    Assuming that the motivation of a given employee is determined not only by their wage but also what they know about wages received by others (chapter 1), the paper reviews official sources of this knowledge (chapter 2) and methods of presenting it with reference to average wages (chapter 3). Then, the author proposes a new way of presenting the average-wage level, different from the traditionally employed method (chapter 3). The author points to the slight usefulness of information about average wages (chapter 3) and applies a certain form of graphs used for the dissemination of Central Statistical Office's (GUS) data related to real wage differentials by age, job seniority, education, occupation and type of enterprise (Chapter 4). The paper describes the nominal and real dynamics of the earnings distribution in Poland in the years 1992-1999, compares it with international statistics and uses instantaneous data to forecast differentials in periods for which no research was conducted (Chapter 5). The author analyses the dynamics of the labour cost level and labour cost productivity in the Polish economy against the background of European Union countries and, to a smaller extent, former Comecon countries (Chapter 6). In Chapter 7, the author examines the way in which society is informed by politicians and the media about labour costs and wages and then compares results of public opinion surveys related to this issue with GUS data (Chapter 8). Finally, the author presents a model of the dynamics of wage differential (chapter 9). The most important final conclusion is that, although reliable sources of data on wages and labour costs in Poland do exist, in recent years the Polish society at large has not been informed about it in an appropriate way and, as a result, is ill-informed. And it cannot be ruled out that this misinformation, if spread by people who are regarded highly competent (politicians, spokesmen for employers' organisations, journalists) and have access to actual data related to individual enterprises and the economy as a whole, is propagated on purpose. The opinions, voiced easily and frequently, that labour costs in Poland are excessive and that wages are too high and, at the same time, too egalitarian are not supported by reliable descriptions of the actual labour costs and wages — regarding their size, differentiation and effectiveness — assessed with the use of clearly speci fied assessment criteria. An attempt to present this information in a way that would be possibly comprehensive and at the same time understandable to non-professionals accounts for a major part of this study. The author also hopes that this method, or perhaps even better methods, of converting tables into graphs will be more widely used to circulate information not only in the scientific milieu but also in the society at large. The type of job is the factor which determines the differential in wages in Poland. The highest wages and the greatest differences in earnings are recorded in the group of managers and specialists. For the remaining groups of jobs, a decrease in internal wage differentials within them is more characteristic than a reduction in the average wage level. A similar effect concerns some other determinants of the wage differential (education, age, gender, NACE sections). The dynamics of the increase in average wages results from diverse changes in wages of different sizes. All wages grow in nominal terms but above-average increase involves only a minority of jobs, mostly managerial and specialist’s posts. You can say almost the same about the real increase in wages: almost all wages grow in real terms but only a small percentage of them, almost exclusively managers' and specialists' wages, grow faster than the average wage. The consequence of the dynamics described above is a slight reduction in the share of a majority of wages in the total wage pool and a clear increase in the share in this pool of wages earned by less than 15 percent of all the employed. As long as the economy continues to grow this effect is only slightly noticeable by those whose share decreases as all the same they earn more than previously. However, in line with the conflicts theory, the combination of relative inferiority with the awareness of growing differences and the deterioration of one's situation, when channels informing about the actual state of affairs are blocked, must lead to poorly organised and spontaneous manifestations of social protest. Compared with wages in developed countries, the wage disparity in Poland grows faster and leads to greater differentials. This takes place at different purchasing power levels but relative disparity indicators show this clearly and unequivocally. Changes in wage differentials in recent years have been so regular that it is possible to forecast decile values of positional measures for the whole Polish economy. The quality of prognosis is the best for high wages, which means that they are subject to most easily predictable increases. Labour cost productivity has been on the rise in Poland and the relative level of labour costs, in comparison to developed countries, is a factor of international competition. As a result, opinions that labour costs in Poland hamper the country's economic development and should be lowered at any price are not truly justified. Paradoxically, the demand that excessively high wages, especially excessively high minimum wages, should be reduced is made by people on very high incomes. Of course, they do not mean a reduction in their own earnings. Some properties of wage distributions (right-hand asymmetry, kurtosis) can be derived from a model based on a few quite obvious assumptions which link the dynamics of earnings with the social structure of enterprises. Price increase indica tors determine the macroeconomic situation, indicators of the increase in sums earmarked for wages determine the market position of an enterprise and the structure of wages results from the character of repeated changes in any initial structure. Such changes consist in increasing wage differences while maintaining their order according to size. They result from the increased share of the highest wages in the wage pool and the decreased share of low wages. Public opinions about wages comply with what the society is told by politicians and reads in the press rather than with the actual wages distribution. The wide-spread tendency to present the exaggerated wage level, impossible to achieve by a majority of the employed, as the level typical of the economy, may arouse the sense of injustice and discouragement, which reduces employee motivation. This means that public knowledge about wages earned by other people could not be used in the recent period to raise the internal motivation and self-esteem of an overwhelming majority of employees. Perhaps the ulterior purpose of misinforming the society about wages and labour costs is to divert public attention from real elements of their dynamics. If it hadn’t been for this misinformation employees on low incomes or their organisations could present more powerful arguments rather than make irrational demands, of personal and emotional character, as has been the case so far. Tłumaczyła Sylwia Wesołowska-Betkier
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Książka
    Tytuł:
    Nie tylko o Chaosie Jamesa Gleicka, czyli o wieloletnim lekturowym błądzeniu losowym
    Not only about James Gleick’s Chaos: About Perennial Reading Random Walk
    Autorzy:
    Daszkowski, Julian
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/468784.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Filozofii i Socjologii PAN
    Źródło:
    Prakseologia; 2019, 161; 315-328
    0079-4872
    Pojawia się w:
    Prakseologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-4 z 4

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