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Tytuł:
Analysis of the data set from a two-year observation of the ambient water-soluble ions bound to four particulate matter fractions in an urban background site in Southern Poland
Autorzy:
Rogula-Kozłowska, W.
Majewski, G.
Czechowski, P. O.
Rogula-Kopiec, P
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/207331.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
chemical composition
inorganic ions
PM2.5
air
precipitation
atmosphere
Southern Poland
skład chemiczny
powietrze
paliwa stałe
zanieczyszczenie
Południe Polski
Opis:
Ten water-soluble ions (F–, Cl–, NO3–, PO43–, SO42–, Na+, NH4+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+), distributed among four fractions of particulate matter, PM, were investigated in an urban background site. The PM was sampled twice a week during a two-year sampling period. Mass distribution among the PM fractions and ambient concentrations of the ten PM-bound ions in the heating and non-heating periods, the seasonal effects in the PM fraction-bound ion concentrations (generalized regression model), and the principal components of all the resulting sets of ambient concentrations (principal component analysis) were determined, discussed, and interpreted in the terms of source apportionment of PM emissions. The formation of secondary inorganic aerosol in transformations of gaseous precursors (e.g., SOx, NOx, NH3) appeared to be most probable and significant source of PM2.5, especially of its sub-fraction PM1–2.5, in the non-heating period. In the heating period, PM and PM2.5 bound water-soluble ions originated mainly from combustion of coal and other solid fuels, or waste. Coarse particles (PM2.5–10 and PM10–40) and some PM2.5–40-bound ions (e.g. Na+, K+, Mg2+) may come from re-suspension of mineral matter and road dust. In some part, coarse PM may consist of mineral and salt particles containing gaseous and semi-volatile compounds.
Źródło:
Environment Protection Engineering; 2017, 43, 1; 137-149
0324-8828
Pojawia się w:
Environment Protection Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Anomalous Dielectric Relaxation in Binary Mixtures of Mesogenic Solvent/Non-Mesogenic Solute
Autorzy:
Jadżyn, J.
Bauman, D.
Déjardin, J. -L.
Ginovska, M.
Czechowski, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2043683.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005-09
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
61.30.Eb
64.70.Md
87.15.Nn
68.35.Rh
83.10.Mj
Opis:
Dielectric relaxation studies for mixtures of strongly polar and mesogenic n-heptylcyanobiphenyl with non-polar and non-mesogenic carbon tetrachloride (CCl$\text{}_{4}$) were performed. The absorption band broadening due to fractional diffusion was observed. A correlation between the non-mesogenic admixture concentration and the anomalous diffusion exponent was found.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2005, 108, 3; 479-489
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Data mining system for air quality monitoring networks
Autorzy:
Czechowski, P.
Badyda, A.
Majewski, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/204820.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
air pollutants
data quality analysis
data mining
estimation
exploratory methods
harmonic
principal component analysis
statistical tests outliers
influential
leverage observations
analytical software system
programming
Eco Data Miner
EDM
Winsorized mean
Cook
Mahalanobis distance
DFITS
COVRATIO
Opis:
The use of quantitative methods, including stochastic and exploratory techniques in environmental studies does not seem to be sufficient in practical aspects. There is no comprehensive analytical system dedicated to this issue, as well as research regarding this subject. The aim of this study is to present the Eco Data Miner system, its idea, construction and implementation possibility to the existing environmental information systems. The methodological emphasis was placed on the one-dimensional data quality assessment issue in terms of using the proposed QAAH1 method - using harmonic model and robust estimators beside the classical tests of outlier values with their iterative expansions. The results received demonstrate both the complementarity of proposed classical methods solution as well as the fact that they allow for extending the range of applications significantly. The practical usefulness is also highly significant due to the high effectiveness and numerical efficiency as well as simplicity of using this new tool.
Źródło:
Archives of Environmental Protection; 2013, 39, 4; 123-147
2083-4772
2083-4810
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Environmental Protection
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dielectric and Optical Studies of Homologous Series of Bicyclo[2,2,2]octane Derivatives with -NCS Terminal Group
Autorzy:
Herba, H.
Żywucki, B.
Czechowski, G.
Bauman, D.
Wąsik, A.
Jadżyn, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1933452.pdf
Data publikacji:
1995-06
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
61.30.Gd
77.22.Ch
78.20.Fm
Opis:
The static dielectric constants and the optical birefringence for four members of the homologous series of bicyclo[2,2,2]octane derivatives with -NCS terminal group (pentyl to octyl) have been measured as a function of temperature. From the dielectric anisotropy, the optical birefringence as well as the polarized absorption spectra of the dichroic dye dissolved in the liquid crystalline host the order parameter has been determined. The results obtained by using various experimental methods have been compared with those calculated from the Maier-Saupe mean field theory. It has been found that the order parameter for the successive homologues shows alternation similar to that exhibited for the nematic-isotropic transition temperature.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 1995, 87, 6; 985-994
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dielectric Relaxation in Hydrogen Bonded Urea-Based Supramolecular Polymer N,N-di(2,2-dipentylheptyl)urea
Autorzy:
Jadżyn, J.
Bouteiller, L.
Déjardin, J.-L.
Czechowski, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2047092.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006-10
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
61.82.Pv
77.22.Gm
81.16.Fg
82.30.Rs
Opis:
Results of the dielectric relaxation studies, performed for supramolecular polymer formed by N,N'-di(2,2-dipentylheptyl)urea dissolved in carbon tetrachloride, are presented. The measurements were done for N,N'-di(2,2-dipentylheptyl)urea concentration up to about 7% (in mole fraction) in the frequency region from 100 kHz to 100 MHz and at the temperatures from 5ºC to 50ºC. The analysis of the experimental data were performed with the Havriliak-Negami equation. In the studied range of N,N'-di(2,2-dipentylheptyl)urea concentration and temperature, the obtained values of exponentsα andβ of the Havriliak-Negami equation are equal to 0.9±0.1 and 0.7±0.1, respectively, showing an anomaly in the dielectric relaxation behavior close to the Davidson-Cole type. Two examples of the modeling of dielectric properties of the supramolecular polymer solutions were presented.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2006, 110, 4; 495-504
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dielectric Relaxation of 4-Cyanophenyl 4-n-Decyloxybenzoate in the Isotropic, Nematic, and Smectic A Phases
Autorzy:
Ginovska, M.
Czechowski, G.
Andonovski, A.
Jadżyn, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2014555.pdf
Data publikacji:
2000-12
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
64.70.Md
77.84.Nh
77.22.Gm
Opis:
The paper presents the results of the dielectric relaxation study performed for the isotropic, nematic, and smectic A phases of 4-cyanophenyl 4'-n-decyloxybenzoate (C$\text{}_{10}$H$\text{}_{21}$O-Ph-COO-Ph-C≡ N, CP10DB) in the frequency range from 100 kHz to 100 MHz. In the nematic and smectic A phases the permittivity was measured with the probing electric field E parallel to the macroscopic molecular orientation (the director n). The recorded dielectric spectra correspond to the rotation of CP10DB molecules around the short axis and can be quite well described in the framework of the Debye model. It was found that the values of the activation energy for the molecular reorientations in the isotropic and smectic A phases of CP10DB are quite close to each other, whereas in the nematic phase the energy is remarkably higher.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2000, 98, 6; 715-720
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dielectric, Viscous, and Elastic Properties of Mesogenic 4-n-Hexyloxy-4-Cyanobiphenyl
Autorzy:
Czechowski, G.
Jadżyn, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2027368.pdf
Data publikacji:
2001-05
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
64.70.Md
77.84.Nh
77.22.Gm
66.20.+d
Opis:
The paper presents the results of measurements of the static and dynamic electric permittivity, the shear viscosity, and the splay and bend elastic constants for 4-n-hexyloxy-4' -cyanobiphenyl (C$\text{}_{6}$H$\text{}_{13}$O-Ph-Ph-C≡N). On the basis of the static values of the nematic principal permittivities, ε$\text{}_{ǁ}$ (T) and $\varepsilon_{\bot}(T)$, the angle between the dipole moment vector and the long axis of 4-n-hexyloxy-4'-cyanobiphenyl molecule, the apparent dipole moment and the nematic order parameter were determined. From the temperature dependences of the dielectric relaxation time (corresponding to the molecular rotation around the short axis) and the shear viscosity, the strength of the nematic potential and the effective length of 4-n-hexyloxy-4'-cyanobiphenyl molecule (in isotropic phase) were estimated. The K$\text{}_{11}$ and K$\text{}_{33}$ elastic constants were determined from the voltage dependence of the capacitance of the planar nematic cell with the method proposed by Gruler et al. and Uchida et al.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2001, 99, 5; 579-591
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dynamics of Nematogenic Molecules with Transverse Component of Dipole Moment
Autorzy:
Douali, R.
Czechowski, G.
Legrand, Ch.
Jadżyn, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2037273.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004-04
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
64.70.Md
77.84.Nh
77.22.Gm
Opis:
The paper presents the results of studies of the dielectric relaxation of nematic 4'-butyloxy-3-fluoro- 4-isothiocyanatotolane, performed for different values of the angle between the probing electric field E and the macroscopic orientation of the sample (the director n) forced by the magnetic field B. Due to a relatively large transverse component of the dipole moment of 4'-butyloxy- 3-fluoro-4-isothiocyanatotolane, the studies allowed one to interpret consistently the dielectric relaxation spectra connected with the molecular rotation around the long axis.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2004, 105, 4; 365-371
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of air pollution on visibility in urban conditions. Warsaw case study
Autorzy:
Majewski, G.
Czechowski, P O
Badyda, A.
Brandyk, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/207001.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
visibility
air pollution
pollutants
mathematical models
nitrogen oxides
sulfur dioxide
urban conditions
urban air pollution
urban atmosphere
particle matter (PM)
przejrzystość powietrza
zanieczyszczenie powietrza
modele matematyczne
tlenki azotu
zanieczyszczenia
dwutlenek siarki
warunki miejskie
pyły zawieszone
Opis:
The influence of air pollutants on visibility in Warsaw Agglomeration has been investigated. Following pollutants were considered: PM10, SO2, NO2 and O3, while meteorological parameters included: air temperatures (mean, minimum, maximum), solar radiation, relative air humidity, rainfall rates and wind speed. Initial analyses were performed with the use of principal component analysis (PCA). In next stages, the logistic regression (LR), the analysis of variance (ANOVA), one-way classification and a model path of generalized regression models (GRM) were applied. PCA analysis showed that in the cold season the visibility index depends on PM10, SO2, NO2 and the temperatures: T, Tmin, and Tmax. In the warm season, the index of visibility is mostly shaped by four elements: O3, T, Tmax and solar radiation. Logistic regression model indicated that in the warm season only two variables are significantly related to visibility: PM10 and relative humidity of air. Regularities in the cold season shown by the LR correspond with the conclusions from the PCA. Among meteorological conditions, the most important is air temperature, but only Tmax preserves the same direction of influence as the one pointed by the PCA model.
Źródło:
Environment Protection Engineering; 2014, 40, 2; 47-64
0324-8828
Pojawia się w:
Environment Protection Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Molecular Dynamics of 4-(trans-4-n-Heptylcyclohexyl)- Isothiocyanatobenzene Studied with Dielectric Relaxation Spectroscopy
Autorzy:
Bauman, D.
Czechowski, G.
Jadżyn, J.
Legrand, C.
Douali, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2014055.pdf
Data publikacji:
2000-07
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
64.70.Md
77.84.Nh
77.22.Gm
Opis:
Dielectric relaxation study was carried out for the nematic and isotropic phases of 4-(trans-4'-n- heptylcyclohexyl)isothiocyanatobenzene in the frequency range from 100 kHz to 1 GHz. In the nematic phase two relaxation processes were recorded for the electric permittivity component measured parallel to the molecular orientation (director n) and three relaxation processes - for the perpendicular permittivity component. The strength of the nematic potential and the nematic order parameter were estimated.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2000, 98, 1-2; 71-81
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ocena stężenia całkowitej rtęci gazowej (TGM) na terenie stacji tła regionalnego Granica-KPN (województwo mazowieckie, Polska) w latach 2010–2011
Estimation of Total Gaseous Mercury (TGM) Concentration at the Regional Background Station in Granica-KPN (Mazovia Province, Poland), 2010–2011
Autorzy:
Majewski, G.
Czechowski, P O
Badyda, A.
Kleniewska, M.
Brandyk, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1819012.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Politechnika Koszalińska. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
Tematy:
rtęć gazowa
Granica-KPN
powietrze atmosferyczne
atmospheric mercury
mercury measurement
atmospheric air
Opis:
The study presents measurement results of the concentration of total gaseous mercury (TGM) in the atmospheric air of 2010–2011 coming from the only measurement station in the Mazovia Province, the Granica-KPN station (λE 20°27'20" φN 52°◦17'09.088"). A series of measurement results of mercury concentration was used to estimate the model which identifies the influence of chosen measurement results, both imission and meteorological ones, on concentrations of gaseous mercury in the atmospheric air. Due to the number of measurements limited to 2 years, the study made an attempt to perform an initial evaluation of seasonal factors. The analyses used included: the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and a path for the Generalised Regression Model (GRM). Average concentration of TGM in 2010–2011 amounted to 1.52 ng m-3 which is very close to the background values obtained in other European countries. Seasonal dependence of TGM concentration was observed; in the cold half-year the TGM concentration was higher compared to the summer season. The obtained results of identifying the PCA and GRM models enable presenting the following synthetic, final conclusions: The employed models of PCA and GRM show that key factors which shape mercury concentration are the following: suspended dust PM10, gaseous pollutants: SO2 and NO2, and meteorological parameters: air temperature, relative humidity of air and solar radiation intensity. The index of the phenomenon, i.e. the first principal component, identifies this relationship as the strongest and most significant, but it is worth noting that there occurs inversely proportional influence of air temperature and solar radiation intensity. The GRM model shows the occurrence of seasonality in monthly periods and in total as an interaction of the year and the months, which is further confirmed in the PCA model through “distribution” of the effect of specific factors over successive principal components. Ozone, for instance, is connected with the first three components to a different degree (-0.6 with Component 1, 0.3 with Component 2 and 0.62 with Component 3) and not with the first or only one of the components. The PCA model is a linear relationship within each component separately and the relationships, being orthogonal to each other, account for successive parts of the total variance. The variables: ozone, wind velocity and atmospheric pressure are not related to the index of the phenomenon, i.e. to the first component. They are related to next principal components, which may prove a strong irregularity of the relationships or the occurrence of seasonality. To build the model, the study used data from a period of two years: 2010 and 2011. It does not give a sufficient number of observations for stable identification of seasonality (at least 5 repetitive periods) and further correlations of factors, i.e. successive principal components. Those components may indicate not so much the absence of measurement correlations with mercury, but a non-linear character or a strong dependence on various seasonal influences, such as yearly, seasonal or monthly fluctuations.
Źródło:
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska; 2013, Tom 15, cz. 2; 1302-1317
1506-218X
Pojawia się w:
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Singular Elastic Properties of Mixtures with the Re-entrant Nematic Phase
Autorzy:
Czechowski, G.
Jadżyn, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2038376.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004-10
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
64.70.Md
62.20.Dc
61.30.-v
Opis:
The paper presents temperature behavior of the splay and bend elastic constants measured for n-hexyloxycyanobiphenyl and n-octyloxycyanobiphenyl mixtures - a system exhibiting the re-entrant nematic phase. It was shown that singularities in the elastic properties of the system concern not only the nematic phase (the well-known pre-smectic effects) but first of all - the smectic A phase, in which the splay and bend deformations, normally not allowed for the layered structures, can be induced.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2004, 106, 4; 475-485
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Singular Pretransitional Behavior of the Electric Field-Dependent Part of the Thermodynamic Quantities of Strongly Polar Mesogenic Liquids in the Isotropic Phase
Autorzy:
Jadżyn, J.
Déjardin, J.-L.
Czechowski, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2047352.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007-06
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
64.70.Md
65.40.Gr
77.22.Ch
Opis:
A new interpretation of the pretransitional temperature behavior of the static dielectric permittivity and its derivative in terms of the basic thermodynamic quantities: the internal energy, the entropy, and the Helmholtz free energy is presented. It was shown that in the case of strongly polar mesogenic compounds (as the homologous series of alkylcyanobiphenyls) the electric field-induced increments of both the internal energy and the entropy exhibit a critical-like temperature dependence in the vicinity of transition from the isotropic liquid to the nematic phase. As a most important pretransitional effect, it is shown that at a temperature of about 10 degrees before the phase transition, an electric field applied to the isotropic liquids induces an increase in the entropy (Δ S>0) instead of its decrease, as observed far from the phase transition or for the non-mesogenic dipolar liquids.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2007, 111, 6; 877-884
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Study of Magnetic Fredericksz Transition in Ferronematics
Autorzy:
Kopčanský, P.
Koneracká, M.
Jadżyn, J.
Czechowski, G.
Żywucki, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1964799.pdf
Data publikacji:
1997-08
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
64.70.Md
61.30.Gd
Opis:
The magnetic Fredericksz transition in ferronematics (thermotropic nematic liquid crystals 7CB and MBBA combined with fine magnetic particles of a size 10 nm) as a function of concentration of magnetic particles was studied by using simple dielectric measurements. The increase of the threshold magnetic field is observed in 7CB based ferronematic while the decrease of threshold field in MBBA based ferronematic is observed when the concentration of magnetic particles is increased. Experimental results are discussed in the framework of Brochard, de Gennes and Burylov, Raikher theories.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 1997, 92, 2; 437-440
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Temperature Dependence of the Viscosity of Isotropic Liquids
Autorzy:
Jadżyn, J.
Czechowski, G.
Lech, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2030494.pdf
Data publikacji:
2002-04
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
66.20.+d
83.85.Jn
Opis:
Temperature dependence of the shear viscosity measured for isotropic liquids belonging to the three homologous series: 4-(trans-4'-n-alkylcyclohexyl) isothiocyanatobenzenes (C$\text{}_{n}$ H$\text{}_{2n+1}$ CyHx Ph NCS; nCHBT, n=0÷12), n-alkylcyanobiphenyls (C$\text{}_{n}$H$\text{}_{2n+1}$ Ph Ph CN; nCB, n=2÷12) and 1,n-alkanediols (HO(CH$\text{}_{2}$)$\text{}_{n}$OH; 1,nAD, n=2÷10) were analysed with the use of Arrhenius equation and its two modifications: Vogel-Fulcher and proposed in this paper. The extrapolation of the isothermal viscosity of 1,n-alkanediols (n=2÷10) to n=1 leads to an interesting conclusion concerning the expected viscosity of methanediol, HOCH$\text{}_{2}$OH, the compound strongly unstable in a pure state.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2002, 101, 4; 495-503
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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