Autor: Czapska, Janina - Katalog OPAC zbiorów

Tytuł:: Legitymizacja Policji w Polsce na tle europejskich badań empirycznych
The Legitimacy of the Police against a Background of European Empirical Research
Autorzy:: Wójcik, Daria
Czapska, Janina
Radomska, Ewa
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698624.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2015
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:: legitymizacja Policji
Policja
the Police
legitimacy of the Police
Opis:: The most general perspective on the legitimacy of a social institution relies upon theacceptance that the legitimised subject has a right to govern, and that the governed recognise that right. Understanding it this way, legitimacy can be analysed from twoperspectives: normative when it concerns objective criteria that permit evaluationwhen the institution is legitimate (normative foundations for its appointmentsand rules for its functioning); and empirical, when it pertains to the awareness ofcitizens that a particular institution is legitimate. Over the last 25 years, a numberof important works on the subject of legitimacy of the police were understood viaempirical means. Based upon these, one can differentiate two opposing approachestowards police-citizen relations. Although both rely on collaboration, they indicatealternate conditions which might determine this. The first approach instrumentallycharacterises itself as achieved by citizens using a cost-benefit analysis of the results ofworking with the police; citizens are more amenable to co-operation when the possiblebenefits are higher than the incurred costs. From this perspective, citizens accept theactivities of the police and declare a willingness to work with them, if in their eyes thepolice are applying realistic sanctions towards people who disturb the norms of the law,are fighting effectively against criminal and undesirable behaviours, and are treating allcitizens in an equal manner. Different motives for working with the police accompanycitizens in their attitudes to trials. In this case, co-operation results from internalrecognition of the legitimacy of the police by citizens. If citizens believe their policeto be legitimate, they will be more inclined to co-operate with them and obey the law.Legitimacy results here, above all, from the conviction that the police are fulfilling theirduty in a just procedural manner.The most empirically-supported research into attitudes about trials has beendetermined by the American model by T.R. Tyler. Legitimacy in his view assumes trusttowards police by citizens and their internal convictions about service in regards totheir recommendations. Understood this way, legitimacy is strongly determined by thefairness of police procedures, and is itself an essential influence on the willingness ofcitizens to co-operate with the police and their readiness to abide by their laws.After a period of domination in police research about the concept of legitimacybeing strongly linked to procedural fairness, there were attempts at revising andmodifying this theory. An alternative to Tyler’s definition of police legitimacy wasproposed by British researchers J. Jackson and B. Bradford. In their view, the police’slegitimacy is formed from three elements: internal conviction about police services,shared social value of the police, and the legality of the police’s activities. However,to independently differentiate, police legitimacy produces here the same effects as inTyler’s concept, and so determines for citizens their willingness to co-operate with thepolice and their readiness to abide by the law.Presented in the following study of research on the legitimacy of the police,a methodology is given for testing both of the previously-mentioned concepts, i.e.Tyler’s model, where trust of the police is a basic element of legitimacy, and Jacksonand Bradford’s model, where trust is treated as a separate social phenomenon, thoughit is linked with the legitimacy of many related factors. The fundamental goal of thepresented research determined however to attempt answering questions about whichtheoretical principles of the procedural model of police legitimacy, including former ARCHIVES OF CRIMINOLOGY 379foreign research within this scope, do they find applied in the Polish socio-culturalcontext. Polish research was undertaken in 2013 under the auspices of the internationalresearch project “Legitimacy Policing and Criminal Justice in Central and EuropeanEurope” amongst 374 law students from various academic centres via an online survey.The research had an exploratory character and was to establish a starting point forfurther research into the legitimacy of the police in Polish society.
Źródło:: Archiwum Kryminologii; 2015, XXXVII; 71-100
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:: Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Kryminalistyka w mediach
Autorzy:: Stojer-Polańska, Joanna
Czapska, Janina
Widła, Tadeusz
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/books/2042886.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2016
Wydawca:: Wydawnictwo Naukowe SILVA RERUM
Opis:: W pracy naukowej najbardziej interesują mnie przestępstwa z tzw. ciemnej liczby, czyli te niewykryte. Zupełnie inaczej niż w serialach, gdzie wykryte zostaje niemal każde zdarzenie kryminalne. Zwykle także przestępca zostaje ukarany i świat znowu staje się sprawiedliwy. Z tym że seriale są o bardzo poważnych przestępstwach, takich jak zabójstwa czy porwania, bo nic tak nie przyciąga uwagi widza jak tajemnica. O tym także mogą przeczytać moi Czytelnicy na kolejnych stronach, czyli jak to jest z tą wykrywalnością oraz skutecznością działań służb mundurowych. Będzie także o tym, jak analizować statystyki przestępczości, zarówno w serialach, jak i w rzeczywistości, a także o edukacyjnej roli mediów.
Scientific evidence in the opinions of criminal proceedings participiants and its presentation in TV crime series The following dissertation is dedicated to analyze the nature and perception of forensic scientific evidence in the age of fast development of science and technology as well as in the age of media civilization. The first part of the dissertation is concerned with scientific evidence in Supreme Court and Courts of Appeal Judicial Decision. Also, the foundations of evidence law and the position of forensic experts in the common law system according to the Polish law system is described. Next, approaches to the assessment of the strength of scientific evidence between experts is discussed. The result is that even DNA evidence or fingerprint evidence can be discussed in different ways. Empirical research has been conducted. Questionnaire surveys that have been conducted include “experts”: 50 experts in various specialties of forensic science, 77 prosecutors, 119 judges, 64 lay judges, 161 police officers and 80 members of general public (students of biology). In-depth interviews have been conducted with 20 police staff, and also a focus group has been carried out with 15 law students. In addition, chosen crime series have been analyzed. According to the respondents’ opinion, people’s perceptions and expectations of forensic science - as it can be observed during criminal trials - are largely inflated by crime series. Experts describe the influence as negative since it causes forming unreal expectations towards forensic science experts and police work. The syndrome is called “efekt W11” (W11 effect) as this crime series is mostly indicated by respondents as influential in correspondence to the “CSI effect” in common law where crime series can also influence criminal litigation.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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