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    Wyświetlanie 1-12 z 12
    Tytuł:
    A local model and calibration set ensemble strategy for open-path FTIR gas measurement with varying temperature
    Autorzy:
    Cięszczyk, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/220752.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    ensemble methods
    FTIR
    open path
    temperature variation
    Opis:
    Open-Path Fourier Transform Infrared OP-FTIR spectrometers are commonly used for the measurement of atmospheric pollutants and of gases in industrial processes. Spectral interpretation for the determination of gas concentrations is based on the HITRAN database line-by-line modeling method. This article describes algorithms used to model gas spectra and to determine gas concentration under variable temperatures. Integration of individual rotational lines has been used to reduce the impact of spectrometer functions on the comparison of both measured and synthetic modeled spectra. Carbon monoxide was used as an example. A new algorithm for gas concentration retrieval consisting of two ensemble methods is proposed. The first method uses an ensemble of local models based on linear and non-linear PLS (partial least square) regression algorithms, while the second is an ensemble of a calibration set built for different temperatures. It is possible to combine these methods to decrease the number of regression models in the first ensemble. These individual models are appropriate for specific measurement conditions specified by the ensemble of the calibration set. Model selection is based on comparison of gas spectra with values determined from each local model.
    Źródło:
    Metrology and Measurement Systems; 2013, 20, 3; 513-524
    0860-8229
    Pojawia się w:
    Metrology and Measurement Systems
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    A multi-band integrated virtual calibration-inversion method for open path FTIR spectrometry
    Autorzy:
    Cięszczyk, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/221293.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    FTIR
    in situ spectroscopy
    open path
    process diagnostics
    Opis:
    This paper addresses problems arising from in situ measurement of gas content and temperature. Such measurements can be considered indirect. Transmittance or natural radiation of a gas is measured directly. The latter method (spectral radiation measurement) is often called spectral remote sensing. Its primary uses are in astronomy and in the measurement of atmospheric composition. In industrial processes, in situ spectroscopic measurements in the plant are often made with an open path Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometer. The main difficulty in this approach is related to the calibration process, which often cannot be carried out in the manner used in the laboratory. Spectral information can be obtained from open path spectroscopic measurements using mathematical modeling, and by solving the inverse problem. Determination of gas content based on spectral measurements requires comparison of the measured and modeled spectra. This paper proposes a method for the simultaneous use of multiple lines to determine the gas content. The integrated absorptions of many spectral lines permits calculation of the average band absorption. An inverse model based on neural networks is used to determine gas content based on mid-infrared spectra at variable temperatures.
    Źródło:
    Metrology and Measurement Systems; 2013, 20, 2; 287-298
    0860-8229
    Pojawia się w:
    Metrology and Measurement Systems
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Analiza widm emisyjnych procesów spalania jako zagadnienie odwrotne w pomiarach pośrednich
    Flame emission spectrum analysis as an inverse problem in indirect measurements
    Autorzy:
    Wójcik, W.
    Cięszczyk, S.
    Kisała, P.
    Komada, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/151671.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
    Tematy:
    pomiary pośrednie
    zagadnienie odwrotne
    OP-FTIR
    procesy spalania
    indirect measurements
    inverse problem
    combustion processes
    Opis:
    Artykuł przedstawia problem pomiarów in situ zawartości gazów oraz temperatury w procesach spalania. Pomiary takie przeprowadzone być mogą z wykorzystaniem spektrometru FTIR o otwartej ścieżce pomiarowej. Analizę widm transmisyjnych oraz emisyjnych procesów o zmieniającej się temperaturze potraktować można jako rozwiązanie zagadnienia odwrotnego. Zagadnienie proste jest wtedy modelowaniem widm w zależności od temperatury oraz zawartości składników. Przedstawiono pomiary promieniowania procesu spalania oraz ich analizę ilościową z wykorzystaniem opisanej metody.
    The paper presents a problem of in-situ measurements of gas concentration and temperature of combustion processes. Such measurements can be carried out by using an open path FTIR. The analysis of transmission and emission spectra of changeable temperature processes can be treated as an inverse problem. Modelling of the spectrum as a function of temperature and species concentration is then a direct problem. In this paper there are presented combustion process measurements and the quantitative analysis as an inverse problem is performed. In the introduction the need for investigations of the combustion process is discussed. Recently biomass gasification and combustion have been playing a significant role due to the environmental protection. What is important, the process should be analysed by an in-situ method. The access to some processes can be so difficult that only remote measurements are possible. In those cases an OP-FTIR spectrometer (Open Path Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer) can be used. The analysis of the classical FTIR spectrum is shown in Section 2. This method consists in using a set of calibration samples for preparing the calibration curve. Unknown concentration of species is determined with this curve. Calibration and measurements have to be carried out in the same temperature. Section 3 describes the problem of simultaneous analysis of concentration and temperature of gases based on infrared spectrum measurements. The inverse problem method is one of the solutions of this problem. The direct problem consists in modeling the spectrum modeling of known temperature and concentration. There are two kinds of methods for modeling the synthetic spectrum of gases - physical (line by line) and statistical one. The spectra in Fig. 3 are calculated for the temperature profiles of Fig. 2. The misfit minimisation between the synthetic and measurement spectrum by means of an optimization method is called the inverse problem. Section 4 describes the measurements of the process infrared spectrum. The spectrum measurements based on the spectral gas models and the inverse problem are analysed. The FTIR spectra measured are shown in Figs. 7 and 9, whereas the adequate analyses are depicted in Figs. 6 and 8. The paper is summarised with some conclusions.
    Źródło:
    Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola; 2009, R. 55, nr 2, 2; 121-125
    0032-4140
    Pojawia się w:
    Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Czujnik rozkładu naprężenia ze światłowodową siatką Bragga
    Strain distribution sensor based on the fiber Bragg grating
    Autorzy:
    Wójcik, W.
    Kisała, P.
    Cięszczyk, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/152222.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2007
    Wydawca:
    Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
    Tematy:
    światłowodowe siatki Bragga
    wyznaczanie rozkładu naprężenia
    czujniki optyczne
    problem odwrotny
    fiber Bragg gratings
    distributed strain reconstruction
    optical fiber sensors
    inverse problem
    Opis:
    W pracy przedstawiono koncepcję czujnika do pomiaru rozkładu naprężenia przy wykorzystaniu światłowodowych siatek Bragga (FBG - ang.: Fiber Bragg Grating). Opisano wykorzystanie metody symulowanego wyżarzania, zastosowanej do rekonstrukcji światłowodowej siatki Bragga, poddanej różnym rozkładom naprężenia. Zamieszczone wyniki analizy wskazują, iż możliwe jest określenie rozkładu naprężenia na bardzo małych powierzchniach rzędu kilku milimetrów.
    The conception of the simulated annealing method, used to reconstruction of the fiber Bragg grating, is presented in this paper. The fiber Bragg grating was used as a distributed strain sensor. Results and conclusions, which have flown out from our article, prove us that it's possible to determine the strain distribution in the FBG element. In this work the inverse problem technique is used. The inverse problem for our grating is to pass from the grating spectra to the refractive index modulation. We use the global optimization algorithm for solution of the inverse problem. The knowledge about the refraction index modulation phase, in each point of the grating, allow direct definition of the physical quantity (in our case: the strain), which evoke this change. First, we use the transfer matrix method to calculate the reconstructed grating spectrums in different grating parameters, and then we use simulated annealing algorithm to search a reconstructed spectrum that will be in agreement with the measured spectrum.
    Źródło:
    Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola; 2007, R. 53, nr 11, 11; 6-9
    0032-4140
    Pojawia się w:
    Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Influence of temperature on synthetic data-based calibration models for low resolution open-path FTIR spectroscopy
    Autorzy:
    Cięszczyk, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/200526.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    FTIR
    calibration model
    temperature influence
    Opis:
    This article presents the problem of determining the gas concentration under conditions of changing temperatures. The solution to this problem is based on spectral measurements using chemometric models. Such problems arise when measuring gases during various industrial processes, mainly the pyrolysis process. Chemometric models are built using synthetic calibration data. Line-by-line and statistical models were applied for spectra modelling. The effect of temperature on extracting the gas concentration from spectra of various resolutions was determined. Next, the global model was built and tested using calibration data for specific temperature ranges. The properties of the linear and nonlinear partial least-squares (PLS) models that were applied to the considered issues were demonstrated. CO and CH4 were used as example gases.
    Źródło:
    Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2014, 62, 1; 33-42
    0239-7528
    Pojawia się w:
    Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Inversion of Remote Sensing Data Using Multiple Ratios of Spectral Radiation Intensities and Neural Networks
    Autorzy:
    Cięszczyk, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1032310.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017-06
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    remote sensing
    infrared spectrometers
    infrared spectra
    computer modelling and simulation
    Opis:
    The article presents a method for determining the content and temperature on the basis of spectra from remote measurements. The technique uses measurements of a high resolution radiation spectrum that allows the visibility of the individual rotational lines of gases such as CO₂, used here in the range of 2470-2495 cm¯¹. At the same time a new algorithm is applied of pre-processing the spectrum, involving the use of multiple ratios of intensity at several wavenumbers as input to an inverse model based on neural networks. Due to it, the dimensionality of the input can significantly be reduced. Additionally, the data interpreted do not have to be measured in units of spectral radiance. Thus only the calibration of the sensitivity of the spectrometer at various wavelengths is required. The neural models were constructed on the basis of data from the simulation. The proposed method works with a uniform layer of radiating gas for determining the temperature and CO₂ content. For a non-uniform layer it is possible to determine the line-of-sight temperature profile and average gas content. The method can be extended to different spectral ranges and to other gases present in substantial quantities in the exhaust gases of various processes.
    Źródło:
    Acta Physica Polonica A; 2017, 131, 6; 1454-1459
    0587-4246
    1898-794X
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Physica Polonica A
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Metoda analizy widm mierzonych z wykorzystaniem spektrometrów OP-FTIR w monitorowaniu powietrza atmosferycznego oraz gazów w procesach przemysłowych
    Open Path FT-IR Spectra Analysis Method for Monitoring of Environment and Processes with Varying Conditions
    Autorzy:
    Cięszczyk, S.
    Komada, P.
    Akhmetova, A.
    Mussabekova, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1817978.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Koszalińska. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
    Tematy:
    otwarta ścieżka
    FTIR
    analiza widm
    wpływ temperatury
    open path
    spectrum analysis
    temperature influence
    Opis:
    Open-Path Fourier Transform Infrared (OP-FTIR) can be used for monitoring of atmospheric environment. The open path technique is based on the measurement of the absorption along the atmosphere path between radiation source and spectrometer. Measurement paths used in this method have a considerable length – from tens of meters to several kilometers. The main advantage of OP-FTIR spectrometry is the possibility of continuously and simultaneously measuring concentrations of multiple compounds. Unfortunately, quantitative analysis of the spectra of such measurements is a difficult issue due to the changing atmospheric conditions and overlapping of the absorption spectra of various components. Numerous algorithms used for the interpretation of the measured spectra have been proposed. They can be classified into methods using classical chemometric calibration and iterative algorithms. Classical Least Square CLS and Partial Least Square PLS are the most commonly used methods of OP-FTIR spectrometry. Iterative methods are based on comparing measured data with synthetic spectra, that is computational models of investigated optical path transmission. For this purpose, databases such as HITRAN are used. Transmission model must take into account not only the spectral characteristics of gases, but also the measuring instrument influence on the measured spectrum. As an example of modeling the spectra of NH3 and HCl gas are used. Modeling of gas spectra with different resolution is shown. Classical methods of building a chemometric calibration model require appropriate reference samples. This is usually associated with considerable cost and time-consuming calibration process. In addition, correct calibration requires maintaining the same conditions during the calibration, as in practical measurements. This is possible only in the case of laboratory measurements. In particular, it is necessary to maintain a constant temperature and pressure of examined substances. It is connected with changes in width and intensity of gas rotational lines. In classical spectroscopy, changing environmental conditions require new calibration measurements. In the open path spectroscopy, changes in conditions occur naturally along with the changes in the examined environment (object, process). If the measurement conditions in the environment differ from those in calibration measurements, significant errors in determining the content of the ingredients may appear. Greater changes in conditions may occur in a variety of chemical or physical processes. Sometimes it is not possible to perform measurements in conditions similar to those occurring in a particular industrial facility. In such cases, synthetic spectra may be used in two ways: in an iterative process to compare with measured spectra or to form a chemometric calibration models. In the latter case, the problem of changing conditions can be solved in several ways. The simplest method is to build separate calibration models for all conditions that can occur during the measurement. However, in order to use this method, it is necessary to measure the existing conditions and choose an appropriate local model. Another method is to correct the measured spectra and to adapt them to the standard conditions. The third option is to build global models. The spectra of all the conditions that may occur during the measurement are then used for building a calibration model. Then, the effect of temperature on the determination of gas content for local calibration models is investigated. Finally, a global calibration model insensitive to temperature changes in 10-40°C range is built.
    Źródło:
    Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska; 2016, Tom 18, cz. 2; 218-234
    1506-218X
    Pojawia się w:
    Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Non-Luminous Flame Temperature Determination Method Based on $CO_{2}$ Radiation Intensity
    Autorzy:
    Cięszczyk, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1377538.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014-12
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    07.07.Df
    07.57.Ty
    33.20.Ea
    07.05.Tp
    Opis:
    A new method for estimating the temperature of non-luminous flames is presented. The spectral radiation intensity emitted from uniform or temperature-axisymmetric $CO_{2}$ gas is simulated. A new inversion scheme that utilizes intensity ratios instead of directly spectral intensities is applied. This technique eliminates the errors caused by inaccuracies in the absolute radiation intensity that result from both calibration and on-site measurement. For example, this situation can occur when a spectrometer acquires radiance within only a part of its field of view. Neural networks are used as inverse models. The proposed inversion approach shows good results with simulated data. The analysis of example measured emission spectra from practical flames is also demonstrated.
    Źródło:
    Acta Physica Polonica A; 2014, 126, 6; 1235-1240
    0587-4246
    1898-794X
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Physica Polonica A
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Open-Path FTIR Spectral Radiation Intensity Of Hot Combustion Gases – Measurement And Interpretation
    Autorzy:
    Cięszczyk, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/221668.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    spectral remote sensing
    temperature profile
    hot gas
    FTIR
    Opis:
    Spectral remote sensing is a very popular method in atmospheric monitoring. The paper presents an approach that involves mid-infrared spectral measurements of combustion processes. The dominant feature in this spectral range is CO2 radiation, which is used to determine the maximum temperature of nonluminous flames. Efforts are also made to determine the temperature profile of hot CO2, but they are limited to the laboratory conditions. The paper presents an analysis of the radiation spectrum of a non-uniform-temperature gas environment using a radiative transfer equation. Particularly important are the presented experimental measurements of various stages of the combustion process. They allow for a qualitative description of the physical phenomena involved in the process and therefore permit diagnostics. The next step is determination of a non-uniform-temperature profile based on the spectral radiation intensity with the 8 m optical path length.
    Źródło:
    Metrology and Measurement Systems; 2015, 22, 2; 193-204
    0860-8229
    Pojawia się w:
    Metrology and Measurement Systems
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Optyczna metoda diagnostyki gazu syntezowego z biomasy
    Optical Method for Biomass Syngas Monitoring
    Autorzy:
    Komada, P.
    Cięszczyk, S.
    Zhirnova, O.
    Askarova, N.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1818001.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Koszalińska. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
    Tematy:
    spektroskopia
    gaz syntezowy
    diagnostyka
    spectroscopy
    synthesis gas
    diagnostics
    Opis:
    One of the methods of increasing the overall biomass share in the electricity and heat production is its gasification and subsequent co-combustion of the obtained syngas in conventional power boilers. The process of biomass gasification is relatively well controlled and understood. It does not change the fact that the syngas composition depends on many process factors, as well as the composition of the charge batch. Unfortunately, it means that the obtained product is not homogeneous in time. Consequently, the use of such fuel for electricity production may present a number of problems from the control point of view. Therefore, both during the syngas production and the co-firing process, it is advisable to use information on the composition of produced syngas, or at least its main components. It is possible to use optical methods, which are an interesting alternative to classical methods, even despite unfavorable measurement conditions. The article presents selected optical method for the synthesis gas monitoring. The results of simulation studies are presented, confirming the possibility of determining the concentration of interesting components in the syngas mixture.
    Źródło:
    Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska; 2016, Tom 18, cz. 2; 271-283
    1506-218X
    Pojawia się w:
    Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Passive Open-Path FTIR Measurements and Spectral Interpretations for in situ Gas Monitoring and Process Diagnostics
    Autorzy:
    Cięszczyk, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1204927.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014-08
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    07.07.Df
    07.57.Ty
    33.20.Ea
    07.05.Tp
    Opis:
    This article aims to present the possibilities for the passive spectral measurements and qualitative interpretations of inside-the-object gases. The basic features and applications of open-path Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for measuring atmospheric and process exhaust gases are discussed. Methods for modelling and interpreting the spectra used for in situ measurements are presented. As an example, a spectrum simulation was investigated using $CO_2$, a gas present in substantial quantities in various exhaust gases. The spectrum varied significantly with temperature allowing its use for diagnostics purposes. Thus, examples of measurements made using passive transmission with a heated object as a radiation source are presented. A baseline correction procedure was necessary to obtain a transmission (or absorbance) spectrum. The gas content and temperature were determined based on these measurements.
    Źródło:
    Acta Physica Polonica A; 2014, 126, 3; 673-678
    0587-4246
    1898-794X
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Physica Polonica A
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Rotation and twist measurement using tilted fibre Bragg gratings
    Autorzy:
    Kisała, P.
    Skorupski, K.
    Cięszczyk, S.
    Panas, P.
    Klimek, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/221822.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    photonic sensors
    fibre Bragg gratings
    twist measurements
    rotation measurements
    Opis:
    The paper presents a method of measuring the angle of rotation and twist using a tilted fibre Bragg grating (TFBG) periodic structure with a tilt angle of 6°, written into a single-mode optical fibre. It has been shown that the rotation of the sensor by 180° causes a change in the transmission coefficient from 0.5 to 0.84 at a wavelength of 1541.2 nm. As a result of measurements it was determined that the highest sensitivity can be obtained for angles from 30° to 70° in relation to the basic orientation. The change in the transmission spectrum occurs for cladding modes that change their intensity with the change in the polarization of light propagating through the grating. The same structure can also be used to measure the twist angle. The possibility of obtaining a TFBG twist by 200° over a length of 10 mm has been proved. This makes it possible to monitor both the angle of rotation and the twist of an optical fibre with the fabricated TFBG.
    Źródło:
    Metrology and Measurement Systems; 2018, 25, 3; 429-440
    0860-8229
    Pojawia się w:
    Metrology and Measurement Systems
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-12 z 12

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