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Tytuł:
A systematic approach for solving the great circle track problems based on vector algebra
Autorzy:
Chen, C. L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/260175.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
great circle
vector algebra
multiple products
spherical trigonometry
Opis:
A systematic approach, based on multiple products of the vector algebra (S-VA), is proposed to derive the spherical triangle formulae for solving the great circle track (GCT) problems. Because the mathematical properties of the geometry and algebra are both embedded in the S-VA approach, derivations of the spherical triangle formulae become more understandable and more straightforward as compared with those approaches which use the complex linear combination of a vector basis. In addition, the S-VA approach can handle all given initial conditions for solving the GCT problems simpler, clearer and avoid redundant formulae existing in the conventional approaches. With the technique of transforming the Earth coordinates system of latitudes and longitudes into the Cartesian one and adopting the relative longitude concept, the concise governing equations of the S-VA approach can be easily and directly derived. Owing to the advantage of the S-VA approach, it makes the practical navigator quickly adjust to solve the GCT problems. Based on the S-VA approach, a program namely GCTPro_VA is developed for friendly use of the navigator. Several validation examples are provided to show the S-VA approach is simple and versatile to solve the GCT problems.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2016, 2; 3-13
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Piecewise reliability-dependent hazard rate for composites under fatigue loading adjustment
Konstrukcja funkcji ryzyka uszkodzeń kawałkami zależnej od niezawodności dla kompozytów poddanych różnym scenariuszom obciążenia zmęczeniowego
Autorzy:
Chen, C.-L.
Wang, K.-S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/281955.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Mechaniki Teoretycznej i Stosowanej
Tematy:
fatigue loading adjustment
hazard rate function
dynamical reliability
Monte Carlo simulation
linear damage sum
Opis:
Based on the derived transition period and reliability drop, this paper proposes a method of piecewise combination of the reliability-dependent hazard rate function named (eocp) model to describe the dynamical reliability in a two-stage fatigue loading process. First, the parameters eo, c, p are fitted through simulated failure data under various constant- amplitude cyclic stresses. The reliability of the high-low loading process is described piecewise with the corresponding values of (eo, c, p) for each respective stress level, and maintains Ra in the transition period while Ra denotes the reliability at which the stress level changes. The reliability of the low-high process is determined by subtracting the portion of reliability drop at Ra from the piecewise fitted curves. The proposed reliability behavior is verified successfully. The linear damage sum is found to be larger than unity for the high-low loading, and on the contrary for the low-high cases. A larger difference between the stress level changed results in larger deviation of damage sum from unity, especially when Ra near 0.9.
W oparciu o wyznaczony okres przejściowy i spadek niezawodności, artykuł prezentuje metodę określania funkcji ryzyka uszkodzenia kawałkami zależnej od poziomu niezawodności, zwanej (eocp) i służącej do modelowania dynamicznej niezawodności dla dwustanowych procesów obciążania zmęczeniowego. Na poczatku, parametry eo, c, i p dopasowano do danych otrzymanych w drodze symulacji uszkodzeń pod wpływem działania cyklicznych naprężeń o kilku stałych amplitudach. Niezawodność dla obciążeń przechodzących od dużej amplitudy do małej opisano kawałkami zależnymi od poziomu przykładanych naprężeń i odpowiadającymi im wartościami eo, c, i p. Wynosi ona Ra w okresie przejściowym, gdzie Ra jest niezawodnością, przy której poziom naprężeń jest zmieniany. Niezawodność przy obciążeniu rosnącym wyznaczono, odejmując część jej spadku przy Ra od kawałkami dopasowanych krzywych. Zaproponowany sposób opisu niezawodności sukcesywnie weryfikowano. Zaobserwowano, że liniowa suma uszkodzeń przekracza jedność dla scenariusza obciążeń stopniowo malejących i nie osiąga tej wartości w przypadku przeciwnym. Większe różnice w poziomach obciążeń skutkowały w większych odstępstwach liniowej sumy uszkodzeń od jedności. Szczególnie duże zauważono dla Ra = 0.9.
Źródło:
Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics; 2012, 50, 1; 231-250
1429-2955
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A graphical method for Great Circle Routes
Autorzy:
Hsu, T. P.
Chen, C. L.
Hsieh, T. H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/259336.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
transoceanic shipping
great circle route
waypoints
celestial meridian diagram
Opis:
A great circle route (GCR) is the shortest route on a spherical earth model. Do we have a visual diagram to handle the shortest route? In this paper, a graphical method (GM) is proposed to solve the GCR problems based on the celestial meridian diagram (CMD) in celestial navigation. Unlike developed algebraic methods, the GM is a geometric method. Appling computer software to graph, the GM does not use any equations but is as accurate as using algebraic methods. In addition, the GM, which emphasizes the rotational surface, can depict a GCR and judge its benefit.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2017, 1; 12-21
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
New computational approaches to determining the astronomical vessel position based on the Sumner line
Autorzy:
Chen, C. L.
Hsu, T. P.
Weng, G. Y.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/258908.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
celestial navigation
astronomical vessel position
Sumner line
iteration scheme
Opis:
In this paper two new approaches are developed to calculate the astronomical vessel position (AVP). Basically, determining the AVP is originated from the spherical equal altitude circles (EACs) concept; therefore, based on the Sumner line’s idea, which implies the trial-and-error procedure in assumption, the AVP is determined by using the two proposed approaches. One consists in taking the great circle of spherical geometry to replace the EAC to fix the AVP and the other implements the straight line of the plane geometry to replace the EAC to yield the AVP. To ensure the real AVP, both approaches choose the iteration scheme running in the assumed latitude interval to determine the final AVP. Several benchmark examples are demonstrated to show that the proposed approaches are more accurate and universal as compared with those conventional approaches used in the maritime education or practical operations.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2014, 4; 3-11
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Study on Hybrid Filtering Solution for Marine Electric Network
Autorzy:
Xu, X - Y.
Mindykowski, J.
Chen, C. L. P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/259582.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
electrical engineering
marine vehicle power systems
power system harmonics
power system measurements
quality control
Opis:
This paper presents a Hybrid APF/PFC/PPF Circuit (active power filtering and power factor correction circuit aided by shunt passive filter) for harmonic suppression and power factor correction in a marine electric network. By employing the proposed hybrid circuit, marine electric power network voltage and current can be maintained as being sinusoidal, and the power factor is close to 1. The effectiveness of the proposed method that is applied to a marine electric network is demonstrated through a simulation experiment. The results show that the expected performances are achieved.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2010, 2; 72-78
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Derivation of formulas in spherical trigonometry based on rotation matrix
Autorzy:
Hsieh, T. H.
Wang, S. Z.
Liu, W.
Zhao, J. S.
Chen, C. L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/116775.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
spherical trigonometry
rotation matrix
spherical triangle
formulas of spherical triangle
nautical mathematics
geometric method
spherical navigation
Astronavigation
Opis:
The formulas of spherical triangle, which are widely used to solve various navigation problems, are the important basic knowledge of nautical mathematics. Because the sine rules and the cosine rules for the sides are the fundamental formulas to derive the other spherical triangle formulas, they are also called the genetic codes of the spherical triangle formulas. In the teaching process, teachers usually use the geometric method to derive and prove these fundamental formulas. However, the derivation of geometric methods is complicated and difficult to understand. To improve the teaching process, this paper proposes the three-dimensional rotation method, which is based on conversion of two cartesian coordinate frames using the rotation matrices. This method can easily and simultaneously derive the sine rules, the cosine rules for the sides, and the five-part formulas (I), and is also helpful to solve different kinds of spherical navigation problems.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2019, 13, 3; 553-558
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Improved fuzzy feedback linearization and Sinswat-transformation control of inverted pendulum
Autorzy:
Chien, T. L.
Chen, C. C.
Chen, Y. C.
Wu, S. L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/970222.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Badań Systemowych PAN
Tematy:
fuzzy logic control
almost disturbance decoupling
feedback linearization approach
composite Lyapunov approach
inverted pendulum control system
Opis:
This paper studies the output tracking and almost disturbance decoupling problem of nonlinear control systems with uncertainties via fuzzy logic control and feedback linearization approach. The main contribution of this study is to construct a controller, under appropriate conditions, such that the resulting closed-loop system enjoys for any initial condition and bounded tracking signal the following characteristics: input-to-state stability with respect to disturbance inputs and almost disturbance decoupling, i.e., the influence of disturbances on the L2 norm of the output tracking error can be arbitrarily attenuated by increasing some adjustable parameters. The underlying theoretical approaches are the differential geometry approach and the composite Lyapunov approach. One example, which cannot be solved by the approach from the first paper (Marino et al., 1989) on the almost disturbance decoupling problem, is proposed in this paper to exploit the fact that the almost disturbance decoupling and the convergence rate performances are easily achieved by virtue of our approach. In order to demonstrate the practical applicability, the paper takes up the study of an inverted pendulum control system.
Źródło:
Control and Cybernetics; 2010, 39, 4; 1069-1093
0324-8569
Pojawia się w:
Control and Cybernetics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
2D Structural Acoustic Analysis Using the FEM/FMBEM with Different Coupled Element Types
Autorzy:
Chen, L.
Zhao, W.
Liu, C.
Chen, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/176330.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
boundary element method
finite element method
discontinuous boundary elements
acoustic fluid-structure interaction
fast multipole method
Opis:
A FEM-BEM coupling approach is used for acoustic fluid-structure interaction analysis. The FEM is used to model the structure and the BEM is used to model the exterior acoustic domain. The aim of this work is to improve the computational efficiency and accuracy of the conventional FEM-BEM coupling approach. The fast multipole method (FMM) is applied to accelerating the matrix-vector products in BEM. The Burton-Miller formulation is used to overcome the fictitious eigen-frequency problem when using a single Helmholtz boundary integral equation for exterior acoustic problems. The continuous higher order boundary elements and discontinuous higher order boundary elements for 2D problem are developed in this work to achieve higher accuracy in the coupling analysis. The performance for coupled element types is compared via a simple example with analytical solution, and the optimal element type is obtained. Numerical examples are presented to show the relative errors of different coupled element types.
Źródło:
Archives of Acoustics; 2017, 42, 1; 37-48
0137-5075
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Acoustics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Tracking and disturbance rejection in a nonlinear control system with time delay
Autorzy:
Chien, T.-L.
Chen, C.-C.
Wu, C.-J.
Huang, Y.-C.
Chen, C.-Y.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/969741.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Badań Systemowych PAN
Tematy:
disturbance rejection
automobile idle-speed control system
differential geometry approach
composite Lyapunov approach
Opis:
We consider the problem of designing a feedback control law in order to reject the unknown bounded disturbance and achieve tracking of reference inputs in control systems described by a class of nonlinear time-delay differential-algebraic equations. Based on the input-output feedback linearization technique and Lya-pimov method for nonlinear state feedback synthesis, a robust globally asymptotical output tracking controller design methodology for nonlinear time-delay control systems with delays on the states and the input is developed. The underlying theoretical approaches are the differential geometry approach and the composite Lyapunov approach. For the view of practical application, the proposed control methodology has been successfully applied to the famous nonlinear automobile idle-speed control system problem.
Źródło:
Control and Cybernetics; 2007, 36, 1; 59-74
0324-8569
Pojawia się w:
Control and Cybernetics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Apparel Design Safety and Production Criteria and Models
Bezpieczne projektowanie i produkcja odzieży – kryteria i modele
Autorzy:
Chen, L.
Yan, X.
Gao, C.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/234142.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Biopolimerów i Włókien Chemicznych
Tematy:
apparel safety
safety attributes
design
production model
safety evaluation
bezpieczeństwo odzieży
atrybuty bezpieczeństwa
projektowanie
produkcja modelu
ocena bezpieczeństwa
Opis:
A safe apparel design and production (SADP) model was proposed as a system to guide the development of safe apparel. An objective analysis of user needs and examination of safe nutrients used in apparel design uncovered through related technical regulations/standards induction and recall case analysis led to the development of apparel safety needs criteria. The criteria were then translated into apparel safety attributes and used in the development of the SADP model. A theoretical evaluation model remained to be developed for apparel safety purposes using multi-part disassembly. It is hierarchically structured in accordance with apparel safety attributes, and demonstrates how the apparel design safety criteria was used by a design team or an industry worker. By the introduction of the apparel design safety evaluation model, a further shift to pro-action and to the prevention of losses will be made possible. The research also demonstrates the application of the SADP model to a textile product design problem.
Zaproponowano kilka modeli bezpiecznego projektowania i produkcji odzieży jako systemu pozyskiwania odzieży bezpiecznej. Przeprowadzono obiektywną analizę potrzeb użytkownika, jak również stosowanych w projektowaniu i produkcji części składowych wyposażenia i odzieży. Doprowadziło to do opracowania kryteriów bezpieczeństwa projektowania i użytkowania.
Źródło:
Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe; 2016, 6 (120); 32-38
1230-3666
2300-7354
Pojawia się w:
Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dyeing Properties and Colour Characteristics of a Novel Fluorescent Dye Applied to Acrylic Fabric
Właściwości barwienia i charakterystyka kolorystyczna nowego barwnika fluorescencyjnego zastosowanego do barwienia akrylowych materiałów włókienniczych
Autorzy:
Liu, L.
Qin, C.
Tang, R. C.
Chen, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/233699.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Biopolimerów i Włókien Chemicznych
Tematy:
hemicyanine dye
cationic fluorescent dye
acrylic fibre
dyeing
adsorption
barwnik hemicyjaniny
kationowy barwnik fluorescencyjny
włókno akrylowe
farbowanie
adsorpcja
Opis:
In this paper, hemicyanine fluorescent dye, namely, trans-4-[p-(N,N-diethylamino) -styryl]-N-methyl pyridinium bromide (DEASPBr), was synthesised and applied to the dyeing of acrylic fabric using the traditional cationic dyeing procedure. The absorption spectra of the novel dye were studied under various pHs, and the dyeing properties, fluorescent reflectance, and colorimetric properties were also explored. The results showed that the adsorption mechanism of DEASPBr on acrylic fibre was in good accordance with the Langmuir type, and the dye had an obvious fluorescent effect. In addition, according to the EN-471 standard, the dye could meet the requirements of the fluorescent orange dye for high visibility warning clothing in terms of chromaticity co-ordinates and luminance factors when its concentration was limited in the appropriate range.
W pracy przeprowadzono syntezę barwnika fluorescencyjnego bromku trans-4-[p-(N,Ndietyloamino)-styryl]-N-metyl pyrydinium (DEASPBr) oraz zastosowano go do barwienia dzianin akrylowych klasyczną metodą barwienia kationowego. Spektra absorpcji nowego barwnika były badane przy różnych wartościach pH, a następnie badano właściwości wybarwionych dzianin, takie jak fluorescencyjny współczynnik odbicia i właściwości kolorymetryczne. Badania wykazały, że mechanizm absorpcji barwnika do włókien akrylowych był w dobrej zgodności z modelem Langmuira i dawał oczywisty efekt fluorescencyjny. Zgodnie z normą EN-471 barwnik daje fluorescencyjny efekt barwnika pomarańczowego o dobrej widzialności, mogącego mieć zastosowanie w odzieży ostrzegawczej.
Źródło:
Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe; 2013, 4 (100); 144-147
1230-3666
2300-7354
Pojawia się w:
Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Detonation Reaction Characteristics for CL-20 and CL-20-based Aluminized Mixed Explosives
Autorzy:
Liu, D.
Chen, L.
Wang, C.
Wu, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358308.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
detonation reaction zone
aluminum reaction
interfacial particle velocity
interferometry
Opis:
The interfacial particle velocities for CL-20 and CL-20-based aluminized mixed explosives were measured by interferometry in order to analyze the aluminum reactions in the latter. The reaction characteristics were obtained, as well as a better understanding of the effects of aluminum powder on the detonation reaction zone length. Two functions were used to fit the particle velocity-time profiles, and their intersection was the corresponding Chapman-Jouget (CJ) point. From these profiles, the detonation reaction zone length and the aluminum reaction were then analyzed. CL-20-based explosives have a short reaction time (48 ns for a high CL-20 content), while the reaction time of CL-20/Al explosives increased with the aluminum content and particle size. Micron-scale aluminum particles barely reacted in the CL-20 detonation reaction zone, but instead reacted with the detonation products after the CJ point. This reduced the detonation pressure; however, the aluminum reaction can slow down the decrease in particle velocities. The start times of small-particle aluminum reactions were earlier than those of the larger particles. The 2-3-μm aluminum particles start to react within 1 μs after the CJ point, while the 200-nm particles may start to react in the reaction zone.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2017, 14, 3; 573-588
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Hydrochloric acid leaching for upgrading flotation concentrate from a low-grade bauxite ore
Autorzy:
Guan, C.
Chen, L.
Zheng, Y.
Sun, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/110259.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
bauxite ore
hydrochloric acid leaching
concentrate upgrading
carbonate minerals
Opis:
Bauxite is the major raw material for alumina production, and its Al2O3 grade improvement or desilication is a necessary process for production of high-grade alumina concentrates from bauxite ores. In practice, flotation presents an effective method for the processing of such ores. However, it is not sufficient to produce a concentrate product with high Al2O3 grade from the ores with a single flotation process, especially from these containing abundant carbonate minerals. In this investigation, hydrochloric acid leaching was used to remove dolomite impurity from the flotation concentrate of a bauxite ore, to improve its Al2O3 grade and Al2O3/SiO2 (A/S) ratio. Effects of three dominant parameters on the leaching performance, that is leaching time, leaching temperature and hydrochloric acid concentration, were investigated in details. When these parameters were optimized, the aluminum concentrate assaying 67.41% Al2O3 with 66.84% recovery and 7.44 A/S ratio was obtained from the bauxite ore assaying 42.94% Al2O3 with 2.48 A/S ratio. It was concluded that hydrochloric acid leaching proved an effective method for upgrading of flotation concentrate from a low-grade bauxite ore containing carbonate minerals.
Źródło:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing; 2017, 53, 2; 1038-1046
1643-1049
2084-4735
Pojawia się w:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
An application of feedback linearization to the tracking and almost disturbance decoupling control of nonlinear system with uncertainties
Autorzy:
Chen, C.-C.
Huang, Y.-C
Lin, W.-J.
Shen, D.-C.
Huang, L.-A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/970382.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Badań Systemowych PAN
Tematy:
almost disturbance decoupling
feedback linearizable
differential geometry approach
composite Lyapunov approach
Opis:
This paper studies the tracking and almost disturbance decoupling problem of nonlinear systems with uncertainties, based on the feedback linearization approach. The main contribution of this study is to construct a controller, under appropriate conditions, such that the resulting closed-loop system is valid for any initial condition and bounded tracking signal with the following characteristics: input-to-state stability with respect to disturbance inputs and almost disturbance decoupling, i.e., the influence of disturbances on the L2 norm of the output tracking error can be arbitrarily attenuated by changing some adjustable parameters. Two examples, which cannot be solved by the first paper on the almost disturbance decoupling problem, are proposed in this paper to exploit the fact that the tracking and the almost disturbance decoupling performances are easily achieved by the proposed approach. In order to demonstrate the practical applicability, the paper has investigated the AMIRA ball and beam system.
Źródło:
Control and Cybernetics; 2007, 36, 2; 385-403
0324-8569
Pojawia się w:
Control and Cybernetics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Acquisition of the Surface Morphology of Ruled Gratings with a Microscope Objective
Autorzy:
Li, Z.
Ma, L.
Liu, C.
Zhang, M.
Chen, X.
Cheng, C.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1189791.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-06
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
42.30.Kq
42.87.-d
42.79.Dj
42.40.Kw
Opis:
In this paper, an optical microscope objective with large numerical number is inserted into a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, and this system is adopted to detect the surface morphologies of two ruled transmission gratings with area scale to a micrometer. The object waves transmitting from the gratings interfere with spherical reference wave, and the interferograms constructed are recorded by a high-resolution CCD. The surface maps of the gratings are retrieved from the interferograms, and the results are confirmed by the measurement with an atomic force microscope, with detection errors in nanometer scale. This work provides an optical non-destructive method for precise detection of small-area sophisticated object surfaces with an optical microscope objective.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2015, 127, 6; 1630-1633
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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