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    Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6
    Tytuł:
    Zastosowanie nieliniowej analizy metodą elementów skończonych w projektowaniu części maszyn
    Autorzy:
    Brożek, Grzegorz.
    Uhl, Tadeusz.
    Łuczak, Ireneusz.
    Powiązania:
    Biuletyn Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej 2004, nr 6, s. 145-156
    Data publikacji:
    2004
    Tematy:
    Metoda elementów skończonych stosowanie projekty materiały konferencyjne
    Maszyny budowa i konstrukcje projekty materiały konferencyjne
    Opis:
    Rys., tab.; Bibliogr.; Abstr., streszcz.
    Dostawca treści:
    Bibliografia CBW
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Underdiagnosis of childhood asthma: A comparison of survey estimates to clinical evaluation
    Autorzy:
    Brożek, Grzegorz M.
    Farnik, Małgorzata
    Lawson, Joshua
    Zejda, Jan E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2179065.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013-12-01
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
    Tematy:
    children
    asthma
    clinical epidemiology
    underdiagnosis
    Opis:
    Objectives: Diagnostic patterns play a role in asthma prevalence estimates and could have implications for disease management. We sought to determine the extent to which questionnaire-derived estimates of childhood asthma reflect the disease's true occurrence. Materials and Methods: Children aged 6-12 years from Katowice, Poland, were recruited from a crosssectional survey (N = 1822) via primary schools. Students were categorized into three mutually exclusive groups based on survey responses: "Asthma" (previously diagnosed asthma); "Respiratory symptoms" (no previous diagnosis of asthma and one or more respiratory symptoms during last year), "No respiratory symptoms" (no previous diagnosis of asthma or respiratory symptoms). A sample of children from each group (total N = 456) completed clinical testing to determine asthma presence according to GINA recommendations. Results: Based on the survey, 5.4% of children were classified with asthma, 27.9% with respiratory symptoms, and 66.7% with no respiratory symptoms or asthma. All previously known 41 cases of asthma were confirmed. New diagnoses of asthma were made in 21 (10.9%) and 8 (3.6%) of subjects from the "Respiratory symptoms" (N = 192) and "No respiratory symptoms" (N = 223) groups, respectively. The overall prevalence of childhood asthma, incorporating the results of clinical examination, was 10.8% (95% CI: 9.4-12.2), compared to the questionnaire-derived figure of 5.4% (95% CI: 4.4-6.5%) and affected females more than males. Conclusions: Asthma prevalence was underestimated in this population possibly resulting from under-presentation or under-diagnosis. This could have potential implications for proper management and well-being of children. Questionnaire estimates of prevalence should be considered carefully in the context of regional diagnostic patterns.
    Źródło:
    International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2013, 26, 6; 900-909
    1232-1087
    1896-494X
    Pojawia się w:
    International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    E-smoking: Emerging public health problem?
    Autorzy:
    Jankowski, Mateusz
    Brożek, Grzegorz
    Lawson, Joshua
    Skoczyński, Szymon
    Zejda, Jan E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2161883.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017-05-08
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
    Tematy:
    smoking
    nicotine
    literature review
    e-cigarette
    electronic cigarette
    tobacco products
    Opis:
    E-cigarette use has become increasingly popular, especially among the young. Its long-term influence upon health is unknown. Aim of this review has been to present the current state of knowledge about the impact of e-cigarette use on health, with an emphasis on Central and Eastern Europe. During the preparation of this narrative review, the literature on e-cigarettes available within the network PubMed was retrieved and examined. In the final review, 64 research papers were included. We specifically assessed the construction and operation of the e-cigarette as well as the chemical composition of the e-liquid; the impact that vapor arising from the use of e-cigarette explored in experimental models in vitro; and short-term effects of use of e-cigarettes on users’ health. Among the substances inhaled by the e-smoker, there are several harmful products, such as: formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acroleine, propanal, nicotine, acetone, o-methyl-benzaldehyde, carcinogenic nitrosamines. Results from experimental animal studies indicate the negative impact of e-cigarette exposure on test models, such as ascytotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, airway hyper reactivity, airway remodeling, mucin production, apoptosis, and emphysematous changes. The short-term impact of e-cigarettes on human health has been studied mostly in experimental setting. Available evidence shows that the use of e-cigarettes may result in acute lung function responses (e.g., increase in impedance, peripheral airway flow resistance) and induce oxidative stress. Based on the current available evidence, e-cigarette use is associated with harmful biologic responses, although it may be less harmful than traditional cigarettes. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2017;30(3):329–344
    Źródło:
    International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2017, 30, 3; 329-344
    1232-1087
    1896-494X
    Pojawia się w:
    International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Socio-demographic factors related to under-diagnosis of childhood asthma in Upper Silesia, Poland
    Autorzy:
    Zejda, Jan E.
    Farnik, Małgorzata
    Smółka, Irena
    Lawson, Joshua
    Brożek, Grzegorz M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989839.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Medycyny Wsi
    Tematy:
    childhood asthma
    under-diagnosis
    socio-economic factors
    Opis:
    Introduction. The presented study of 4,535 children aged 7–17 years in the Upper Silesian region of Poland yielded 186 cases of previously known asthma, and 44 children with newly diagnosed asthma. The aim of the presented study was to identify non-medical factors that could explain why children with a newly established diagnosis (‘undiagnosed asthma’) had not been diagnosed in the past. Materials and method. The study was performed according to a case-control design. Parents of the children answered questionnaires on socio-economic status and family-related factors. Statistical determinants of undiagnosed asthma were explored using raw (OR) and logistic odds ratios with their 95% confidence intervals (logOR, 95%CI). Results. Children with undiagnosed asthma were younger compared to the group with previously known asthma (11.3±2.1 vs. 12.6±2.5 years; p=0.0008). Newly diagnosed cases were more frequent in children who had less parental attention (less than 1 hour/day spent by parent with child – OR=4.36; 95%CI: 1.76–10.81) and who were not registered with specialized health care (OR=2.20; 95%CI: 0.95–5.06). Results of logistic regression analysis suggest that under-diagnosis of asthma is related to age below 12 years – logOR = 3.59 (95%CI: 1.28–10.36), distance to a health centre > 5 km – logOR = 3.45 (95%CI: 1.05–11.36), time spent with child < 1 hour/day – logOR = 6.28 (95%CI: 1.98–19.91). Conclusion. Among non-medical determinants of undiagnosed asthma the age of a child plays a major role. Another factors of importance is the large distance between residence and health centre, and low parental attention at home.
    Źródło:
    Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine; 2017, 24, 2
    1232-1966
    Pojawia się w:
    Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wskaźnik śmiertelności infekcji (IFR) w przebiegu pandemii COVID-19 w Aglomeracji Górnośląskiej w 2020 r.
    Infection fatality rate (IFR) during the course of COVID-19 pandemic in Upper Silesia Metropolitan Area (Poland) in 2020
    Autorzy:
    Zejda, Jan E.
    Kowalska, Małgorzata
    Brożek, Grzegorz M.
    Barański, Kamil
    Kaleta-Pilarska, Angelina
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2108190.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-12-22
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
    Tematy:
    epidemiologia
    COVID-19
    badanie seroepidemiologiczne
    wskaźnik śmiertelności infekcji
    SARS-CoV-2
    przeciwciała IgG
    epidemiology
    seroepidemiological study
    infection fatality rate
    IgG antibodies
    Opis:
    WstępW trakcie pandemii COVID-19 wszczęto w skali globalnej szerokie spektrum badań, w tym także ukierunkowanych na oszacowanie wskaźnika śmiertelności infekcji (infection fatality rate – IFR). Wyznaczenie IFR wymaga znajomości liczby zgonów w danej populacji i danym czasie oraz liczby osób zakażonych, zwykle określanej na podstawie wyników badania serologicznego (anty-SARS-CoV-2 IgG w przypadku COVID-19). Celem badania było oszacowanie IFR w przebiegu pandemii COVID-19 w 2020 r. w Aglomeracji Górnośląskiej (AG).Materiał i metodyBadanie seroepidemiologiczne przeprowadzono w październiku i listopadzie 2020 r. Wśród losowo wybranych mieszkańców Katowic, Gliwic i Sosnowca (N = 1167) oceniano obecność zakażenia wirusem SARS-CoV-2 na podstawie dodatniego wyniku testu IgG wykonanego metodą ELISA. Dane o zgonach z powodu COVID-19 uzyskano z Urzędów Stanu Cywilnego każdego z miast. Wskaźnik śmiertelności infekcji obliczono, stosując formułę: IFR (%) = (liczba zgonów / liczba zakażonych) × 100.WynikiWyniki badania potwierdziły obecność przeciwciał anty-SARS-CoV-2 (klasa IgG) na poziomie 11,4% (95% CI: 9,5–13,2). Do listopada 2020 r. w populacji ww. miast zarejestrowano 516 zgonów, a tym samym surowy współczynnik IFR wyniósł 0,65% (95% CI: 0,56–0,78). Test diagnostyczny (IgG) odznaczał się czułością na poziomie 88% i swoistością wynoszącą 99%. Parametry te pozwoliły na oszacowanie skorygowanej pod względem trafności diagnostycznej testu wartości IFR. Skorygowany IFR miał podobną wartość: 0,62% (95% CI: 0,53–0,74).WnioskiOszacowana dla populacji AG wartość IFR jest zbliżona do przeciętnych poziomów obserwowanych w innych państwach i stanowi podstawę monitorowania przebiegu i skutków pandemii COVID-19 w tym regionie. Med. Pr. 2021;72(6):671–676
    BackgroundDuring the course of COVID-19 pandemic, a wide range of scientific projects was implemented worldwide, including studies focusing on infection fatality rate (IFR). The value of IFR depends on the number of COVID-19 deaths in a population in a given period and the number of infected people in this population, usually provided by seropepidemiological studies (anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG in the case of COVID-19). The objective of our study was to estimate IFR in the course of COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, in the general population of Upper Silesia Metropolitan Area (USMA).Material and MethodsThe seroepidemiological study was conducted in October–November 2020. Among randomly selected inhabitants of Katowice, Gliwice, and Sosnowiec (N = 1167), the presence of SARS-CoV-2 virus infection was assessed based on a positive IgG test result performed with the ELISA method. Data on deaths due to COVID-19 were obtained from the Registry Offices of each city. The infection fatality rate was calculated using the formula IFR (%) = [number of deaths/number of infected] × 100.ResultsResults of our study showed the prevalence of infection at 11.4% (95% CI: 9.5–13.2). In three examined towns, in the period January–November 2020, there was a total of 516 COVID-19 deaths. The resulting crude IFR was 0.65% (95% CI: 0.56–0.78). The IgG test had 88% sensitivity and 99% specificity and these figures were used to adjust IFR. The adjusted IFR value was similar to the crude value: IFR = 0.62% (95% CI: 0.53–0.74).ConclusionsThe value of IFR estimated for the USMA population was similar to average values obtained in other countries and can be used as the background for monitoring the course and impact of COVID-19 pandemic in the Upper Silesian Industrial Area. Med Pr. 2021;72(6):671–6
    Źródło:
    Medycyna Pracy; 2021, 72, 6; 671-676
    0465-5893
    2353-1339
    Pojawia się w:
    Medycyna Pracy
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    New ideas, old problems? Heated tobacco products – a systematic review
    Autorzy:
    Jankowski, Mateusz
    Brożek, Grzegorz M.
    Lawson, Joshua
    Skoczyński, Szymon
    Majek, Paulina
    Zejda, Jan E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2161955.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-10-16
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
    Tematy:
    smoking
    systematic review
    nicotine
    tobacco industry
    heat-not-burn tobacco products
    heated tobacco products
    Opis:
    Heated tobacco products (HTPs) are a form of nicotine delivery intended to provide an alternative to traditional cigarettes. The aim of this systematic review was to present the current state of knowledge on HTPs with an emphasis on the potential impact of HTP use on human health. During the preparation of this systematic review, the literature on HTPs available within Medline/PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar was retrieved and examined. In the final review, 97 research papers were included. The authors specifically assessed the construction and operation of HTPs, as well as the chemical composition of HTP tobacco sticks and the generated aerosol, based on evidence from experimental animal and cellular studies, and human-based studies.Heated tobacco products were found to generate lower concentrations of chemical compounds compared to traditional cigarettes, except for water, propylene glycol, glycerol, and acetol. The nicotine levels delivered to the aerosol by HTPs were 70–80% as those of conventional combustion. The results of in vitro and in vivo assessments of HTP aerosols revealed reduced toxicity, but these were mainly based on studies sponsored by the tobacco industry. Independent human-based studies indicated that there was a potentially harmful impact of the active and passive HTP smoking on human health. Currently, a large body of knowledge on HTP exposures and health effects is provided by the tobacco industry (52% of identified studies). Based on the available evidence, HTPs produce lower levels of toxic chemicals, compared to conventional cigarettes, but they are still not risk-free. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2019;32(5):595–634
    Źródło:
    International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2019, 32, 5; 595-634
    1232-1087
    1896-494X
    Pojawia się w:
    International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6

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