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    Wyświetlanie 1-5 z 5
    Tytuł:
    Changing dimensions and interactions of water crisis and human rights in developing countries
    Autorzy:
    Bhattacharya, Sayan
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1191361.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
    Tematy:
    dams
    food security
    human rights
    privatization
    water
    Opis:
    Water resources are essential for sustaining life forms, food production, socio-economic development, and for general well-being. Water is intrinsically linked with several perspectives of human rights like right to life, right to food, right to self-determination, right to adequate standard of living, right to housing, right to education, right to health, right to take part in cultural life, right to suitable working conditions etc. Yet, human rights to water remains imperfectly defined. Global water consumption is doubling every 20 years, more than twice the rate of human population growth. The growth in water consumption is highest in the agricultural and industrial areas, where the resources to buy water are readily available with rich farmers and industrialists. Potential human right issues can arise from lack of safe water. Construction of dams can lead to ecosystem imbalances and degradation of the quality of human life, specially the livelihood of the indigenous and tribal populations. To solve the growing water crisis, one of the possible solutions that has been proposed and has been implemented is water privatization, which majorly considers water as a profitable commodity. Water pricing and privatization will inevitably increase the price of the major crops and vegetables all around the world, which, in turn, can adversely affect food security. Community based water management policies such as rainwater harvesting, check dam construction, sustainable watershed management, integrated river basin management and irrigation efficiency can be sustainable solutions of water crisis, which also can respect the human right issues as well.
    Źródło:
    World Scientific News; 2016, 34; 86-97
    2392-2192
    Pojawia się w:
    World Scientific News
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Environmental, geological and economic effects of climate change on the Indian hydrology: A review
    Autorzy:
    Bhattacharya, Sayan
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1193984.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
    Tematy:
    climate change
    glacier
    groundwater
    river basin
    water
    Opis:
    Over the last few years, global temperature has increased rapidly and continuously at around 0.2 °C per decade. Climate change is expected to have considerable impacts on natural resource systems, which, in turn, can lead to instability and conflict, displacement of people and changes in occupancy and migration patterns. Rise in atmospheric temperature due to climate change will lead to loss of glaciers in the Himalayas, which, in turn, may reduce water availability in the rivers of Indus – Ganga plains, especially in dry seasons. The response of hydrological systems, erosion processes and sedimentation in the Himalayan region could alter significantly due to climate change. During the twentieth century, majority of the Himalayan glaciers have shown recession in their frontal parts, besides thinning of the ice mass. Retreat in glaciers can destabilize surrounding slopes and may give rise to catastrophic landslides and floods. The melting of ice is changing the hydrological cycles and is also affecting the ocean currents. Many of India’s coastal aquifers are already experiencing salinity ingress including Saurashtra coast in Gujarat and Minjur aquifer in Tamil Nadu. Increasing frequency and intensity of droughts in the catchment area will lead to more serious and frequent salt-water intrusion in the estuary and thus can deteriorate surface and groundwater quality and agricultural productivity. A warmer climate will change the patterns of hydrological cycle, which, in turn, can alter the intensity and timing of rainfall. Mahi, Pennar, Sabarmati and Tapi rivers will face water shortage conditions in response to climate change. River basins belonging to Godavari, Brahmani and Mahanadi may not face water shortages, but severity of flood shall increase in these areas. In future, there will be a net reduction of groundwater recharge and greater summer soil moisture deficits because higher temperature can shorten the duration of recharge seasons. Production of rice, maize and wheat in the past few decades has declined in many parts of Asia due to water shortage. Linking the concept of sustainable development to climate change can provide a deep insight into the proper methods of long term societal responses to global environmental change.
    Źródło:
    World Scientific News; 2015, 13; 16-35
    2392-2192
    Pojawia się w:
    World Scientific News
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Water privatization in developing countries: Principles, implementations and socio-economic consequences
    Autorzy:
    Bhattacharya, Sayan
    Banerjee, Ayantika
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1194029.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
    Tematy:
    Economy
    Food Security
    Privatization
    Water Crisis
    Water Pricing
    Opis:
    Water related problems are continuously affecting the social infrastructures and jeopardizing the productivity of modern globalized society. As the water crisis intensifies, several governments around the world are advocating a radical solution: the privatization, commoditization and mass diversion of water. Water privatization involves transferring of water resources control and/or water management services to private companies. The water management service may include operation and management, bill collection, treatment, distribution of water and waste water treatment in a community. The privatization of water has already happened in several developed countries and is being pushed in many developing countries through structural adjustment policies. Water privatization will invariably increase the price of this common property resource because there are hidden costs involved in water collection, purification and distribution systems. Increase in water consumption will be satisfied through the market dynamics often at the cost of the poor who cannot afford the increased water tariffs. The corporations will recover their costs by exploiting the consumers irrespective of their economic conditions. Another possible threat of water privatization is the unsustainable water extraction by the water corporations for maximizing profits and subsequent destructions of water bodies and aquifers. Corporations in search of profits can compromise on water quality in order to reduce costs. Privatization can also favour bulk water exports as the control over water will be transferred from local communities to global corporations, which will have disastrous ecological and environmental consequences. Indiscriminate mining of groundwater by multinational companies in Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Kerala has resulted behemoth threats to the local water resources, biodiversity and economic structures. Water pricing and privatization will inevitably increase the price of the major crops and vegetables all around the world, which, in turn, can adversely affect the food security of the common people. Community based water management practices like rainwater harvesting, sustainable watershed management, integrated river basin management and irrigation efficiency are sustainable alternatives to water privatization in the third world countries including India.
    Źródło:
    World Scientific News; 2015, 10; 17-31
    2392-2192
    Pojawia się w:
    World Scientific News
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Environmental, economic and health perspectives of arsenic toxicity in Bengal Delta
    Autorzy:
    Bhattacharya, Sayan
    Ghosh, Uday Chand
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1194026.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
    Tematy:
    Arsenic
    Bengal Delta
    Bioaccumulation Groundwater
    Phytoremediation
    Toxicity
    Opis:
    Arsenic is a metalloid of great environmental concern because of its highly toxic nature and wide abundance. Arsenic contamination in groundwater has been reported in Bangladesh, India, China, Taiwan, Vietnam, USA, Argentina, Chile and Mexico. The clinical symptoms of arsenic toxicity in human body include skin itching to sun rays, burning and watering of the eyes, weight loss, loss of appetite, weakness, fatigue, limited physical activities and working capacities, chronic respiratory problems, moderate to severe anemia etc. The Bengal basin is regarded to be the most acutely arsenic infested geological province in the world. Heavy withdrawal of groundwater for fulfilling the needs of the increasing population in Bengal Basin resulted in increased arsenic level in the groundwater. Mobilization of arsenic in Bengal delta is further interfered by microbial activities and interactions. Different microbial strains have been isolated from Bengal Delta which can tolerate, transform and resist arsenic. The use of arsenic contaminated groundwater for irrigation purpose in crop fields elevates arsenic concentration in surface soil and in the plants grown in these areas. Several plant species have been studied for their ability to accumulate arsenic in the Bengal Delta. Rice is generally grown in submerged flooded condition, where arsenic bioavailability is high in soil. As arsenic species are very much toxic to plants and can execute oxidative stresses, they can also affect the overall production of rice and other vegetables, and can affect the agricultural and economic development of Bengal Basin. Cattle population also consume arsenic infested water in those areas and usually eat edible plants contaminated with arsenic, which, in turn, can further increase the toxicity level in their bodies and also can increase the arsenic bioaccumulation in meat and milk. In the rural areas of the Bengal Delta, arsenic contamination raised a number of social problems which are continuously weakening the structural integrity of rural society. Uses of phytoremediation and microbial remediation technologies, rainwater harvesting, use of arsenic resistant plant varieties for cultivation are some sustainable methods which can be applied for arsenic remediation. Besides, nano-agglomerates of mixed oxides have been synthesized and successfully employed for arsenic removal from aqueous solutions. Intensive investigation on a complete food chain is urgently needed in the arsenic contaminated zones, which should be our priority in future researches.
    Źródło:
    World Scientific News; 2015, 10; 59-87
    2392-2192
    Pojawia się w:
    World Scientific News
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Environmental, economic and agricultural surveys of an ecologically important forest edge hamlet in Darjeeling district, West Bengal, India
    Autorzy:
    Bhattacharya, Sayan
    Shome, Arkajyoti
    Dutta, Abhishek
    Majumder, Gourab
    Banerjee, Raktim
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1194033.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
    Tematy:
    Biodiversity
    Eco-sensitive
    Management
    North Bengal
    Survey
    Opis:
    Forest cover in the hill regions is essential to maintain environmental, economic and ecological balances. North Bengal accounts for 3,086 sq km (26 %) of the 11,876 sq km area of classified forests in the state, and for nearly 5,000 sq km (40 %) of all land under tree cover. Khumani is a Village (26.84o N, 88.60o E) in Gorubathan Block in Darjeeling District of West Bengal State, India. The survey work was done in December, 2014 by visiting the Khumani Forest Village (established in 1949) of upper Kumai and the primary data were gathered through field survey and direct contact with common people and authorized centers of the region. Surveys on the demography, agriculture, livestock management, water management, education, culture, health, waste management, disaster management, transport, biodiversity, human animal conflict were done in this area. Topographic map of the area was prepared by using the database of National Atlas and Thematic Mapping Organization (NATMO), Kolkata office. In every phase of the survey work, pictorial documentation was done. In spite of being positioned in a diverse and sensitive ecological zone, the village is not adequately managed. There is an urgent need for implementing sustainable management systems in the areas for the betterment of the socio-environmental structures. Some of the possible management strategies have been suggested for maintaining the social, environmental, economic and ecological balance of the region. Proper funds should be raised to conserve and manage these ecologically important zones of north Bengal, which should be one of the main focuses of future researches.
    Źródło:
    World Scientific News; 2015, 11; 65-79
    2392-2192
    Pojawia się w:
    World Scientific News
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-5 z 5

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