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    Wyświetlanie 1-11 z 11
    Tytuł:
    The Inevitability of Militarization of Outer Space
    Autorzy:
    BERNAT, Paweł
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/466219.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Centrum Rzeczoznawstwa Budowlanego Sp. z o.o.
    Tematy:
    militarization of outer space
    space weapons
    space corps
    orbital weapons
    ASAT
    Opis:
    At the end of the second decade of the 21st century, we witness a progressive increase of strategic importance of artificial satellites and other orbital systems, which is a consequence of the ever-accelerating development of space technologies that include weapons systems. The outer space becomes a theatre for a potential conflict. The states possessing sufficient technological potential will further develop and expand those systems, both defensive (for eliminating threats) and offensive (securing the military advantage and serving as a deterrent) to secure their current and future interests.The main argument of the paper demonstrates the necessity, from the perspective of the strong outer space sector players like the USA, Russia, China, to further develop space weapon systems and military units of space corps.
    Źródło:
    Safety & Defense; 2019, 5, 1; 49-54
    2450-551X
    Pojawia się w:
    Safety & Defense
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Orbital satellite constellations and the growing threat of Kessler syndrome in the lower Earth orbit
    Autorzy:
    Bernat, Paweł
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1537466.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Centrum Rzeczoznawstwa Budowlanego Sp. z o.o.
    Tematy:
    Kessler syndrome
    satellite constellations
    space debris
    space debris models
    space security
    syndrom Kesslera
    konstelacje satelitarne
    śmieci kosmiczne
    modele śmieci kosmicznych
    bezpieczeństwo kosmiczne
    Opis:
    The paper discusses the problem of the growing threat of orbital collisions – the Kessler syndrome in the Earth’s lower orbit caused by orbital satellite constellations developed to provide broadband internet. It provides a theoretical context for the main argument by presenting the current data related to space debris in orbit, the concept of the Kessler syndrome and its application to orbital objects, the legal framework pertaining to the issue, mitigation programs and plans, and new orbital satellites constellations under development and how they contribute to the Kessler syndrome threat. The main contribution of the paper is the carried out argument that the lack of a global legal system regulating the use of the Earth’s orbit is a factor that strengthens the threat.
    Źródło:
    Inżynieria Bezpieczeństwa Obiektów Antropogenicznych; 2020, 4; 1-14
    2450-1859
    2450-8721
    Pojawia się w:
    Inżynieria Bezpieczeństwa Obiektów Antropogenicznych
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Bedouins of the Negev and the Implementation of Sustainable Development Programs: The Case Study of Qasr al-Sir Village
    Autorzy:
    Bernat, Paweł
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/903451.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014-12-15
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Pedagogiki Specjalnej im. Marii Grzegorzewskiej. Wydawnictwo APS
    Tematy:
    Bedouins
    the Negev region
    sustainable development
    sustainable development programs
    Opis:
    The article is a report from the fieldwork carried out in a Bedouin village of Qasr al-Sir in the Negev in Israel. The aim of the realized research field project was to critically analyze the sustainable development programs which have been implemented in the village by Bustan – a non-governmental organization from Be’er Sheva. In the first section of the paper’s main body there is a description of historical, cultural, social and economic aspects of the current situation of the Bedouins living in the region. The second part focuses solely on the village where the research was carried out, i.e. Qasr al-Sir. It is followed by a section providing a report on Bustan’s activities in the village. The forth section consists of descriptions of five sustainable development programs, which have been implemented in the Bedouin community, i.e. PermaNegev, Negev Unplugged Tours, Eco Khan, empowering of Bedouin women, and teaching English. The article is concluded with a sketch of problems stemming from the cultural differences between Bedouins and Bustan’s westerners, which may be held responsible for delays or failures in implementation of the planned programs.
    Źródło:
    Studies in Global Ethics and Global Education; 2014, 2; 54-64
    2392-0890
    Pojawia się w:
    Studies in Global Ethics and Global Education
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Air security of NATO’s eastern flank: threats and challenges
    Bezpieczeństwo powietrzne wschodniej flanki NATO: zagrożenia i wyzwania
    Autorzy:
    Michalski, Daniel
    Bernat, Paweł
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/30145352.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Wojsk Lądowych imienia generała Tadeusza Kościuszki
    Tematy:
    obrona powietrzna
    bezpieczeństwo powietrzne
    zagrożenie powietrzne
    wschodnia flanka NATO
    siły powietrzne
    Federacja Rosyjska
    air defence
    air security
    air threat
    NATO’s eastern flank
    air force
    Russian Federation
    Opis:
    The focal point of the paper is to assess the air security on the NATO’s eastern flank in the context of the dynamic changes that have occurred in its immediate vicinity. The authors, beginning with an overview of the current framework of the air security situation in the region, have analysed the developments that have taken place in that regard. The modernisation of missile systems, as well as air and space forces by the Russian Federation, both in qualitative and quantitative terms, have been the subject of thorough scrutiny. The challenges generated by the new situation have been weighed against the current and future NATO’s defence capabilities against air threats.
    Artykuł skupia się na ocenie bezpieczeństwa powietrznego wschodniej flanki NATO w kontekście dynamicznych zmian w jego bezpośrednim sąsiedztwie. Autorzy rozpoczynając od przeglądu obecnej sytuacji w zakresie bezpieczeństwa powietrznego w regionie, dokonali analizy rozwoju tego środowiska. Szczególną uwagę zwracając przy tym na proces modernizacji systemów rakietowych, sił powietrznych i kosmicznych Federacji Rosyjskiej, zarówno pod względem jakościowym jak i ilościowym. Wyzwania wynikające z nowej sytuacji zostały porównane z obecnymi i przyszłymi zdolnościami obronnymi NATO przed zagrożeniami lotniczymi.
    Źródło:
    Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces; 2020, 52, 2(196); 352-365
    2544-7122
    2545-0719
    Pojawia się w:
    Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    On the Need of Ethical Foundations for Global Education
    Autorzy:
    Bernat, Paweł
    Ciążela, Helena
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/903529.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017-04-26
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Pedagogiki Specjalnej im. Marii Grzegorzewskiej. Wydawnictwo APS
    Tematy:
    ecological conscience
    global education
    global responsibility
    moral education
    new humanism
    sustainable development
    sustainability
    Opis:
    The concept of global education is based on the recognition of the world as a network of interdependencies and on realizing the fact that the current direction of the development of civilization is leading to environmental and humanitarian disaster. On the other hand, there is a belief that there is still a chance to change this state of affairs by means of education. The purpose of education is recognized as not only a transfer of knowledge, but also as a transfer of morals that are able to generate a shift in attitudes. In order to strengthen the impact of the global education project, it is necessary to provide a coherent description and axiological analysis of the values behind it. In the paper, we argue that ethicists should work on building philosophical arguments for the development and implementation of global education programs. We argue further that such a philosophical framework should be based on the ideas of new humanism (proposed by Aurelio Peccei) and global responsibility (formulated by Hans Jonas).
    Źródło:
    Studies in Global Ethics and Global Education; 2016, 6; 3-13
    2392-0890
    Pojawia się w:
    Studies in Global Ethics and Global Education
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Nie warto żyć bezmyślnym życiem. Filozoficzne refleksje nad tym, co ważne
    Autorzy:
    Sośnicka, Joanna
    Soin, Maciej
    Bernat, Paweł
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/books/2021076.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Łódzka. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Łódzkiej
    Opis:
    The unexamined life is not worth living Philosophical reflections about this, what important It is difficult to speak of philosophy. It is even more difficult to teach philosophy. As is the case with every academic discipline, it can be said that philosophy is in its own way unique. This uniqueness is a result of a certain, as it is sometimes stated, self-evident nature of the subject. Obviously, everyone knows (even intuitively), what philosophy is about making use consciously or unconsciously of the terminology associated with some fields of philosophy: ethics, anthropology and epistemology. The obviousness of this concept (although perhaps not the academic discipline), which is connected with this universality of understanding could lead one to wonder that since this is the case, speaking of it is unnecessary. If something is self-explanatory, it can only be pointed out and cannot be put into words1 . However, if one speaks of obvious matters, it is most likely, because they are continually questioned. It seems that questions related to philosophy arise from this universal understanding, which in turn is possibly a result of a certain 1 R. Spaemann, Basic Moral Concepts, Routledge, Londyn 1990, s. VII. Summary 160 ambiguity in the understanding of the reality known as “philosophy.” It is also interesting that semantic misuse generally affects basic terms including important phenomena related to the essence of human life. But owing to the fact that “the highest does not stand without the lowest,” one should hope that all of these misuses have something in common, in the ambiguity of this word, in the dynamism of building other at times twisted meanings based on it, common points are found. As one of the greatest representatives of philosophical thought, Plato claims, philosophy begins in wonder of the world2 . It is the only type of intellectual activity where posing questions and searching for answers is more important than constructing theories and verifying them. Socrates is one of the most important people in the world of philosophy and he was the first to make moral problems the subject of dialogues and not of lectures, nor the topic of treaties or public addresses. It is worth emphasising that in Socrates’s dialogues, one cannot find any traces of pride, moralization, self-exultation, but rather we encounter curiosity, provocation to think, an escape from shallow thinking and a superficial view of the world. Socrates took what may seem as trivial and obvious issues for the topics of his dialogues (after all, who is not familiar with justice, honesty, law or piety) – however, throughout the dialogue it becomes apparent that the inquisitiveness of the philosopher was not limited to superficial intuitions and speculations. By means of forming appropriate questions, he attempted to reach the speaker’s most basic knowledge and then assist him to draw from it obvious conclusions. The essence of Socrates’s dialogue is based on provocation, stimulating thought (often critical thinking), a break from routine, pride and thoughtlessness, and reflection on what is important (although this would seem unquestionable), because a philosophical problem, as Plato states “does not admit exposition like other branches of knowledge; but after much converse about the matter itself and a life lived together, suddenly a light, as it were, is kindled in one soul by a flame that leaps 2 “Wonder (thaumazein) is the attitude of someone who truly loves wisdom; yes there is no other beginning of philosophy than this.” Plato, Theaitetus, 155D. Summary 161 to it from another, and thereafter sustains itself ”3 . Discussions about matters simple and at the same time difficult, about known issues, but somehow unknown, and pointing out lack of knowledge did know finish well for Socrates. As a matter of fact, he was forced to drink hemlock, because he was accused of corrupting the morals of the youth, but still the Socratic message that “the unexamined life is not worth living”4 . did not fall in value. The need of reflection is still current, especially nowadays, in the time of fast life, relative values and fast decisions. To dwell on, for some time, the important, (philosophical, but not only) issues, should not be treated as a challenge. Giving it such non-committal reflection, consideration of the matters which are present in the life of every person, should be treated as an intellectual journey, confrontation with a philosophical understanding of such every-day and common phenomena. To discover a new meaning of such known issues should be an inspiration, refreshing, a kind of distraction from mundane thinking, should force to renewed reflection, should be a escape from evil (in Socratic understanding, evil actions are the result of ignorance) – maybe it will keep us in “a wind of thoughts.” The above mentioned reflection is presented in five chapters, i.e. analysis of five issues form the perspective of five philosophers. The choice of the guides in this reflection is intentional, because each of them is an expert in given area and has dedicated more than one book or article to this topic. The guide in the reflection about „human person” is prof. Mieczysław Albert Krąpiec. This distinguished Polish philosopher, is the long-standing Rector of the Catholic University of Lublin, and one of the main founders of the Lublin Philosophical School also known as the Polish School of Classical Philosophy. According to Krapiec, the starting point for philosophical anthropology is data which comes from the existential judgment “I exist.” In the scope of the basic 3 Plato, The Platonic Epistles 341 c, J. Harward (trans), Cambridge University Press 2014, s. 135. 4 Plato, Apology 38a Summary 162 data, subjectivity and agency of human being are included. Krapiec strongly underlines the uniqueness of a human being, as a one who is chosen among all nature, because of his peculiar structure of soul and body. The human being focuses on himself, like in a lens, all the essential features of living beings, but he also has unique characteristics such as: freedom, sovereignty and the possibility of improvement. Reflection on the relation between body and soul, the problem of freedom, human dignity, are aspects which Krapiec fully explains and clarifies. There are also other very important aspects, in order to understand different spheres of human activity: love, self-knowledge, civilizations or the aim of communities: the common good. The reflection on the human being, is important also because of the other reason, as Krapiec underlines – each of us should know, who he is as a human in order to live humanely. Analysis of human being, undoubtedly, is connected with the problem of self-cognition – who I am as a human being? In such analysis, we will follow the conception of Saint Thomas Aquinas. According to Saint Thomas, self-cognition is a final stage of cognition as such, kind of a “return,” because only then a human being actualizes himself as a free and rational being. The dependency of self-cognition and cognition of the world is natural and necessary for it is the reason of self-knowledge. One can compare this process to looking at photos, which he has taken of himself. Cognition of something, which has been cognized before, is a totally different cognition, and the perception of the subject is also different. When person cognizes “our mind through its considering successively one thing after another: because never “does our intellect understand so many things, that it cannot understand more”5 . Aquinas analyses the problem of cognition in different places of his works, but especially in The Summa Theologiae, The Summa Philosophica, Disputed Questions on Truth (Quaestiones disputatae de Veritate), Disputed Questions on the Soul 5 Saint Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologica, vol. 1, part 1, q. 86, art.1, Fathers of the English Dominican Province (trans.), Cosimo, Inc., New York 2007, s. 441. Summary 163 (Quaestiones disputatae de Anima) or the Commentary on the Sentences of Peter Lombard (Scriptum super libros Sententiarum). “Love” is the third stop – undoubtedly closely connected with the earlier analyzed issues. The master of the phenomenological description of love is German philosopher Dietrich von Hildebrand, for whom the problem of “love” is, in a sense, the central point of his philosophical system. Von Hildebrand proposes a short and simple definition of love, which will be the guide for the analyses conducted in this chapter: “love as a value response” introduces vast range philosophical explanations. Apparently, this simple definition implicates, however, a number of problems connected with the definition of person, her value, possibility and ways of how to respond to it. Love has an influence on the development of the person, it should be pure and a complete realization of humanity, and as von Hildebrand underlines, it is a gift and giving, conscious dedication from one person to other, it is happiness and should give happiness. Love is everything that is precious and its absence can only be compare to hell. As Dostoevsky’s Russian monk says, love really does not exists in hell, but its absence is precisely what makes up the essence of hell. In Michael Novak’s conception of “the common good” the fundamental thesis based on the fact that in order to fulfill his own perfection human being should have proper conditions. Novak points out economy as the best field where important human attributes appear: intellectual, moral and creative ones. In his analysis concerning “the common good,” he uses theological, political and economical threads and in spite of this diversity he tries to show some universal rules. Novak underlines the rank and subjective character of the human person. Man in Novak’s conception is not a “wolf ” (as Hobbes described him), but a brother. Awareness of the common good allows people to discover their interdependence with each other them and will to strive for good. To build a good community is to protect and assist the development of free human beings. Novak then underlines, that “The common good is the inner dynamo of human progress, rooted in the human’s capacity to reflect upon his or her own actions, to grasp their deficiencies and incompletenesses, and Summary 164 to choose to press onward toward the full development of the entire range of human possibilities”6 . The final meeting will be with Professor Feliks Koneczny when analyzing the notion of “civilization.” Koneczny’s theory is based on convictions about the social character of human person. This conviction comes from facts, assembled through commonsensical cognition and inductive method. The splendor of every kind of method of system of communal life always depended on man, who by his own acts of intellect and free will, organizes himself in communities. Since man in society realizes his own subjectivity, actualizes the potentiality written in his nature and develops it; and as a result, he has the chance to find fulfillment. From man depends a faith of civilization. Koneczny saw in community the power of creating civilizations. The social form develops from the kin, which by differentiation created higher social structure. Society is a part of human beings, so strongly, that the need of interaction with people resulted in the continued, unifying and dynamic development of humanity. Thus, human communities were formed naturally and not by order, persons united in order to develop, improve. Personal being has an open structure; therefore, he is not formed at once, but he needs other people to live a full life. Today’s civilisation is characterised by the trend of socialisation, because social and economic processes demand the inclusions of small communities into the greater ones. Teilhard de Chardin wrote about the phenomenon of ‘planetisation’ Popes have spoken about the “human family,” and politicians about globalisation. The process of creating larger communities, which exceed-families, tribes and even states, which were opposed by Rousseau and the Romantics, is not an illusion. However, the issue of social life widens more and more. It is an irreversible process. The civilization, which is focused just on consumption, leads to the depersonalization of mankind. In this great disorientation, the sense of great notions and great words, is lost. They become unclear, unrealized and suppressed. In such 6 M. Novak, Free persons and common good, Medison Books, Lanham MD 1989, s. 187. Summary 165 a situation, it is quite easy, to indicate their mendacity, banality and falseness. Rousseau explains: “I would not take it upon myself to try to teach people, if others did not keep on delude them.” Following a text about human beings, self-cognition, love, the common good and civilization is not at all an instruction, but it more likely has to move closer to the this “much converse about the matter itself ” from Plato and which result one can just indirectly predict.
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Książka
    Tytuł:
    Game of Proxies – Towards a new model of warfare: Experiences from the CAR, Libya, Mali, Syria, and Ukraine
    Autorzy:
    Kozera, Cyprian A.
    Bernat, Paweł
    Gürer, Cüneyt
    Popławski, Błażej
    Sözer, Mehmet A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1194387.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Sztuki Wojennej
    Tematy:
    Proxy Forces
    Libya
    Mali
    Syria
    Ukraine
    Central African Republic
    Opis:
    The objective of the study is to carry out a meaningful comparison that demonstrates the similarities and differences of various conflict theatres where proxy forces were employed. The analyses of the discussed cases focused on different aspects of the conflict and nature of the proxy use. The analyses presented on the following pages were conducted on the basis of the literature on the subject, governmental research and reports, and supporting sources reporting recent developments that complemented academic sources. Various non-state actors such as ethnic militias, paramilitary units, and private military companies have become more and more visible on contemporary battlegrounds. Modern states employ those actors to further their objectives, as this limits their own political and financial costs. This increasingly visible phenomenon points to an emerging new model of warfare where state actors are relying ever more on proxies of various character and nature. It is highly likely that any future conflict will be characterised by a proxy-based model of warfare, which will consist of a limited footprint made by regular forces (or none at all) and, consequently, the extended use of proxies supported by special forces. Because such an approach is less costly, proxies will be more often employed by low-budget states, previously reluctant to carry out such costly military endeavours. Denying the actions and affiliations of these proxies will inevitably follow and, in turn, a lack of political accountability and responsibility for the conflict’s outcome.
    Źródło:
    Security and Defence Quarterly; 2020, 31, 4; 77-97
    2300-8741
    2544-994X
    Pojawia się w:
    Security and Defence Quarterly
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Varices of the Descending Duodenum Explored During Emergency Gastro-Duodenal Resection for Upper Gastrointestinal Haemorrhage. Case Report
    Autorzy:
    Rudzki, Sławomir
    Dryka, Tadeusz
    Wilczyński, Piotr
    Bernat, Paweł
    Bicki, Jacek
    Furmaga, Jacek
    Piłat, Jacek
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1396365.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013-05-01
    Wydawca:
    Index Copernicus International
    Tematy:
    upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage
    duodenal varices
    oesophagogastroduodenoscopy
    gastroduodenal resection
    Opis:
    Upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage is a major medical emergency and accounts for approximately 7,000 admissions to hospitals in Scotland each year. Over the last 10 years there has been a number of improvements in diagnosis and conservative management of the condition, which significantly reduced the ratio of life-threatening cases requiring an emergency surgery. Despite these achievements surgical intervention or, if accessible, endovascular procedures must be undertaken as emergency actions, should conservative management fail. Vascular malformations of the duodenum are less frequent causes of upper GI bleeding. Duodenal varices found endoscopically occur in 0.4% of patients with portal hypertension (PHT) and are believed to be caused mainly by liver cirrhosis, idiopathic PHT, extrahepatic PHT, or previous surgical trauma. The duodenal bulb is their most common site, followed by the second portion of the duodenum. Forty per cent of patients with PHT have duodenal varices at angiography; however, their penetration unusually affects submucosa, hence no symptoms develop. Isolated bleeding duodenal varices are scarcely reported in literature, although present a significant surgical problem: massive haemorrhage combined with failure to identify them as a source has led to catastrophic outcomes with mortality rate of 40%. The case hereby presented is unique in several aspects. Duodenal varices were explored on emergency laparotomy rather than on prior endoscopies, which, performed by the same well-established endoscopists, were twice negative. This corresponds to the study by Cottam et al. stating that duodenal varices may not penetrate the submucosa, hence haemorrhages of their origin may even be more difficult to diagnose on endocsopy. Secondly, the haemorrhage here reported was undoubtedly a life-threatening condition that required a multidisciplinary team to be managed successfully. Along with Shirashi et al. we confirm that surgical ligation followed by the excision of duodenal / small intestinal varices may be an effective method of their management - both cases have been free of recurrence at 15 months postoperatively. In contrast to the study by Hashizume et al. the duodenal varices here presented were not associated with portal hypertension (PTH). Finally, duodenal varices located in the posterolateral aspect of the descending duodenum are less common as the majority of cases reported so far were of duodenal bulb location.
    Źródło:
    Polish Journal of Surgery; 2013, 85, 5; 279-283
    0032-373X
    2299-2847
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Journal of Surgery
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Air security of NATOs eastern flank : threats and challenges
    Bezpieczeństwo powietrzne wschodniej flanki NATO : zagrożenia i wyzwania
    Autorzy:
    Michalski, Daniel.
    Powiązania:
    Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces 2020, nr 2, s. 352-365
    Współwytwórcy:
    Bernat, Paweł Autor
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Tematy:
    NATO
    Bezpieczeństwo powietrzne państwa
    Obrona przeciwlotnicza
    Artykuł z czasopisma naukowego
    Artykuł z czasopisma wojskowego
    Opis:
    Artykuł porusza kwestie bezpieczeństwa powietrznego wschodniej flanki NATO w kontekście zmian politycznych i społecznych ostatnich kilku lat. Szczególną uwagę poświęcono historycznej chwili aneksji Krymu przez Federację Rosyjską, która oznaczała koniec beztroskiego okresu pokoju w Europie. W wyniku czego rozpoczęto plany m.in. wzmocnienia wschodniej flanki pod względem obrony powietrznej. Autorzy omówili siły powietrzne i kosmiczne Rosji, liczbę i lokalizację baz lotniczych czy proces modernizacji systemów rakietowych. Wyzwania wynikające z nowej sytuacji zostały zestawione ze zdolnościami i możliwościami obronnymi NATO przez zagrożeniami lotniczymi, m.in. wskazano rodzaje i liczbę systemów obrony przeciwlotniczej.
    Bibliografia, netografia na stronach 363-364.
    Dostawca treści:
    Bibliografia CBW
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Autoimmunity markers in subjects with diabetes
    Autorzy:
    Litwińczuk-Hajduk, Joanna
    Bernat-Karpińska, Małgorzata
    Kowrach, Marek
    Cielecka-Kuszyk, Joanna
    Piątkiewicz, Paweł
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/972601.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Medycyny Wsi
    Tematy:
    diabetes
    anty-GAD
    ANA
    ASMA
    APCA
    Opis:
    Introduction. Diabetes is a growing social and epidemiological problem. Accordingly, the incidence of complications associated with diabetes can cause a persistent high percentage of diseases of the cardiovascular system, kidney and nervous systems, and impaired vision. Objective. The aim of the study was to evaluate the incidence of immunological markers in patients with type 1 diabetes and those with type 2 diabetes: the anti-GAD, ANA, AMA, ASMA, APCA and LKM, compared to healthy people. Another objective of the study was to evaluate the correlation between their presence and the degree of metabolic control in both groups. Materials and methods. The study comprised 100 subjects aged 25–75 years with a body mass index (BMI) between 20–30 kg / m2, hospitalized in the Department of Internal Diseases, Diabetology and Endocrinology, at the Medical University of Warsaw, with previously diagnosed diabetes who were assigned to one of 2 groups (50 subjects with type 1 diabetes and 50 subjects with type 2 diabetes). The control group consisted of 21 healthy individuals without the diagnosis of diabetes and a prediabetic state. All the study participants had the examined antibodies determined along with the panel of biochemical tests and neurological examination for diabetic neuropathy and fundus examination. Results. Anti-GAD antibodies were present in both groups of patients. Their presence was found in 30% of people with type 1 diabetes and in 16% of people with diabetes type 2. The presence of ANA antibodies was found in 24% of people with type 1 diabetes and 22% of people with type 2 diabetes. There was no correlation between the presence of ANA antibodies ANA and duration of diabetes. In the group of patients with type 1 diabetes, there was a correlation between the presence of ANA and the incidence of diabetic polyneuropathy. ASMA and APCA antibodies occurred with equal frequency in both studied groups (4% vs. 10%). There were no antibodies of AMA or anti-LKM in any of the patients. Conclusions. Marking of ANA antibodies in patients with type 1 diabetes may be a marker used to isolate a group of patients at risk of developing diabetic neuropathy. The presence of anti-GAD in type 2 diabetes may be a LADA marker which specifically marks the group of patients with type 2 diabetes, in whom there is a faster metabolic death of beta cells. The current classification of diabetes is vague, and in the near future it should be modified based on specific patient characteristics, phenotypic appearance, as well as the results of additional tests. Determination of antibodies AMA, ASMA, APCA and anti-LKM does not seem to be significant in the diagnosis of diabetes and its chronic complications.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Pre-Clinical and Clinical Research; 2016, 10, 1; 28-33
    1898-2395
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Pre-Clinical and Clinical Research
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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