- Tytuł:
-
Pszczoła miodna na ziemiach polskich
Western (European) Honey Bee on the Polish Lands - Autorzy:
- Banaszak, Józef
- Powiązania:
- https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/532511.pdf
- Data publikacji:
- 2012
- Wydawca:
- Muzeum Pierwszych Piastów na Lednicy
- Opis:
- The article presents the condition of the western (European) honey bee (Apis mellifera) in the changing natural environment of the areas between the Oder, the Vistula and the River Bug from the early Piast state till modern day. The western honey bee — originally a natural and constant component of the forest fauna — used to find favourable conditions for its existence and development occupying natural hollows in trees. Later, people learnt to make artificial hollows and secured the bees there (Fig. 2, Photog. 2, 3). In the Middle Ages, forest bee-keeping offered forest bee-keepers and the Crown Treasury substantial benefits from honey and wax. At the same time the nature of the forest gained an extraordinary factor — a go-between in the pollination of entomogamic plants — trees, bushes and herbs. Throughout the whole of the Middle Ages and later on forest bee-keeping was in its heyday, and the number of bee-keeping trees in individual forest areas amounted to tens of thousands (Tab. 4). Since the times of the Piast and Jagiellonian dynasty, Polish merchants would export honey and wax to the Baltic harbours and farther to the deforested countries of Europe and the world. These goods were also transported from Poland by land routes. Such a condition remained till the eighteenth–nineteenth centuries, when the western honey bee was „moved out” from the forests to bee gardens near the farmsteads. The increase in the settlements contributed to the process as well as the decline in the forestation (until the middle of the nineteenth century within Greater Poland when the percentage of forests dropped to circa 28%, that is, half the number as it had been at the end of the fourteenth century). In the Prussian partition the definite eradication of forest bee-keeping was caused by the burning out of forests by bee-keepers (in order to rejuvenate the honey plants) and hence destroying the valuable tree stand. Bees then became just a temporary component of the forest biocoenosis. They visited forests mainly for the pollen and honey from heather or honeydew. Moving the European honey bee out from the wilderness and forests must have influenced the forest biocoenosis including the wild bees and other insects competing for sustenance. Hence, the forest lost its numerous and permanent pollinators whereas other insects gained better access to the nutritional plants. Garden bee-keeping near the farmsteads, in turn, resulted in the western honey bee as the most frequent and stable pollinator of plants in the agricultural areas (ploughlands, orchards and vegetable patches) covering in total circa 60% of today’s Poland.
- Źródło:
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Studia Lednickie; 2012, 11; 93-113
0860-7893
2353-7906 - Pojawia się w:
- Studia Lednickie
- Dostawca treści:
- Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł