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Tytuł:
A study of factors affecting wear and destruction of teeth in gear mechanisms
Badanie czynników warunkujących stopień zużycia i zniszczenia zębów w mechanizmach przekładni zębatych
Autorzy:
Mustafayev, Amir G.
Nasirov, Chingiz R
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31348309.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Instytut Nafty i Gazu - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
gear wheel
tension
endurance
bending
koło zębate
naprężenie
wytrzymałość
zginanie
Opis:
Transmission gears are very widely used in the modern construction of the machine. Even though electrical transmissions are used, mainly mechanical transmissions are widely used in the machine building industry as they are independent and better than other transmissions. Distributing power between the transmission mechanisms and working units of various machines, by changing the angle of momentum by adjusting the speed of the parts, it is possible to change the type of movement, turn the mechanism on and off, and change the direction of the transmission mechanisms. One of the most widespread types of transmission technology is gear transmission. Tens of thousands of kilowatt-hours of gears can be transmitted. The advantages of gear transmission in comparison with others are their ability to maintain their reliability and long-term functioning of the teeth, high value of the working coefficient (0.90–0.99), simple construction, lack of special service, simplicity of the transmission number and compactness of dimensions. The missing aspects of these transmissions are high precision in their preparation and installation, and low noise level. The main criterion for the working ability of the closed gear transmissions is the contact endurance of the active surface of the tooth. For this reason, the main dimensions of the transmission are determined by the contact tension and by teeth bending.
Przekładnie zębate znajdują szerokie zastosowanie w nowoczesnych maszynach. Chociaż stosuje się także przekładnie elektryczne, to w przemyśle maszynowym stosowane są głównie przekładnie mechaniczne, ponieważ są one niezależne i lepsze od innych rodzajów przekładni. Przekładnie zębate umożliwiają rozprowadzenie mocy między mechanizmami przekładni a różnymi jednostkami roboczymi poszczególnych maszyn, poprzez zmianę kąta pędu i regulację prędkości części. Dzięki temu można zmieniać rodzaj ruchu, włączać i wyłączać mechanizmy oraz zmieniać kierunek mechanizmów przekładni. Jednym z najbardziej powszechnych rodzajów przekładni są przekładnie zębate. Mogą one przenosić dziesiątki tysięcy kilowatogodzin mocy. Przewaga przekładni zębatych nad innymi mechanizmami tego typu tkwi w ich niezawodności, trwałości zębów, wysokiej wartości współczynnika pracy (0,90–0,99), prostej konstrukcji, braku wymogu specjalnego serwisowania, prostocie liczby przełożeń i niewielkich wymiarach. To, czego im brakuje, to zachowanie wysokiej precyzji wykonania i montażu oraz niski poziom hałasu. Głównym kryterium decydującym o sprawności zamkniętych przekładni zębatych jest wytrzymałość styku aktywnej powierzchni zęba. Z tego powodu główne wymiary przekładni zależą od naprężenia stykowego i zginania zębów.
Źródło:
Nafta-Gaz; 2023, 79, 9; 604-610
0867-8871
Pojawia się w:
Nafta-Gaz
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Abrasive Wear Mechanisms of S235JR, S355J2, C45, AISI 304, and Hardox 500 Steels Tested Using Garnet, Corundum and Carborundum Abrasives
Autorzy:
Szala, Mirosław
Szafran, Michał
Matijošius, Jonas
Drozd, Kazimierz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2201922.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
abrasion
wear resistance
dry sand-rubber wheel test
tribology
steel
wear mechanism
roughness analysis
failure analysis
Opis:
Wear resistance is one of the main indicators of the reliability of machine parts. The selection of wear-resistant material should consider the operational environment and specific types of abrasive material. The steel abrasive wear resistance depends not only on its hardness and microstructure but also on the abrasive material's properties, such as hardness and particle morphology. This work aimed to determine abrasion wear mechanisms of a set of steels, i.e., S235, S355, C45, AISI 304 and Hardox 500, abraded by different types of grit i.e. garnet, corundum and carborundum. The abrasion tests were conducted using T-07 tribometer (rubber wheel method). Wear traces were examined with a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and a contact profilometer. SEM analysis revealed that apart from Hardox 500, ploughing and microfatigue were the dominant wear mechanisms. Microcutting was the main wear mechanism for Hardox 500 tested with carborundum (SiC). The highest mass loss was usually obtained for carborundum. The lowest wear resistance in garnet and carborundum was obtained for the S235JR and S235J2 steels and Hardox 500 tested with corundum. The effect of steel microstructure on the wear mechanism has been confirmed. AISI 304 austenitic steel abraded by carborundum grit, presented outstanding roughness parameters: Ra, Rz, RSm, Rk, Rvk and Rpk than other steels tested with carborundum. Steel hardness affects the morphology of the wear trace reducing the Ra and Rz roughness parameters. The effect of abrasive hardness and grain morphology on abraded surfaces has been stated. Contrary to fine grains of the hardest carborundum, coarse garnet grains caused high roughness parameters (Rk, Rpk and Rvk) determined in wear trace.
Źródło:
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal; 2023, 17, 2; 147--160
2299-8624
Pojawia się w:
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Assessment of the impact of wear and tear of rubber elements in tracked mechanism on the dynamic loads of high-speed tracked vehicles
Autorzy:
Rybak, Piotr
Hryciów, Zdzisław
Michałowski, Bogusław
Wiśniewski, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2204656.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Politechnika Białostocka. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Białostockiej
Tematy:
maintenance
tracked mechanism
rubber elements
road wheel
high-speed tracked vehicle
characteristics
modelling
Opis:
The operation of high-speed tracked vehicles takes place in difficult terrain conditions. Hence, to obtain a high operational relia-bility, the design or modernisation process must be precise and should consider even the slightest details. The article presents issues re-lated to the problem of formulating vehicle models using partial models of flexible elements used in tracked mechanisms. Changes occur-ring in the shape and properties of elements such as track pads and roadwheel bandages as a consequence of operating conditions are presented. These changes are reflected in the presented elastic–damping characteristics of components of the crawler mechanism. Nu-merical studies have shown that deterioration of chassis suspension components after a significant mileage may increase dynamic loads (forces) acting on the running gear. Increased forces in the running gear naturally result in increased stresses in the road surface on which the vehicle is travelling, which can pose a danger (or excessive wear and tear) to road infrastructure components such as culverts, bridges and viaducts. In the literature, model tests of objects are carried out on models that represent new vehicles, and the characteristics of the adopted elements correspond to elements not affected by the process and operating conditions. Its influence should not be ignored in the design, testing and running of a special vehicle. The tracked mechanism, as running gear, is designed for special high-speed vehicles for off-road and off-road driving. Its design ensures high off-road traversability. The dynamic loads originating from off-road driving are super-imposed on those generated by the engine, drive train and interaction of the tracks with the roadwheels, sprocket, idler and supporting tracks return rollers.
Źródło:
Acta Mechanica et Automatica; 2023, 17, 1; 85--94
1898-4088
2300-5319
Pojawia się w:
Acta Mechanica et Automatica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
New possibilities to reduce wheel and rail wear in the operation of metro wagons on curved track with small curve radii without considering propulsion and braking systems
Autorzy:
Matej, Jan
Orliński, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24200816.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Polskie Naukowo-Techniczne Towarzystwo Eksploatacyjne PAN
Tematy:
critical speed
lateral dynamics
wheel wear
bogie steerability
curved track interaction
Opis:
This paper analyses the parameters relevant to the operation of underground cars in traffic on straight and curved tracks with small curve radii. Current knowledge of non-linear lateral dynamics of rail vehicles and the specialist computer programme Vi-Rail were used to build models and perform simulation calculations. A solution was proposed to enable passive control of wheelsets with very high guiding stiffnesses, without the need for systems to force the axles of the wheelsets to align radially in a curved track. This effect was achieved by varying the guidance stiffness in the horizontal plane of the frame of each bogie. The adopted course of action offers simplicity of solution, low manufacturing costs, high critical speed on straight track and extended service life of the metro wagons resulting from reduced mechanical wear of wheels and rails. A multi-criteria evaluation was carried out, confirming improved bogie controllability and reduced impact of the metro wagon wheelsets on the curved track. Comparisons were made of the design volumes for metro model wagons with bogies with symmetric and unsymmetric axle-guide stiffness arrangements of the wheelsets.
Źródło:
Eksploatacja i Niezawodność; 2023, 25, 1; art. no. 15
1507-2711
Pojawia się w:
Eksploatacja i Niezawodność
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Reducing wheel wear of a motorised metro car on a curved track with a small curve radius
Autorzy:
Matej, Jan
Orliński, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/32222558.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Poznański Instytut Technologiczny
Tematy:
motorised metro car
curved track
wheel wear
bogie steering
non-linear critical speed
Opis:
A structural solution was proposed to enable passive control of the wheelsets of a motorised metro car on curved track with a small curve radius. This effect was achieved by varying the stiffness of the guidance of the wheelsets in the horizontal plane of the frame of each bogie on which the wagon body rests. This ensured the required critical speed of the metro wagon when moving on straight track, and allowed for reduced mechanical wheel wear and better steering of the bogies when moving on curved track with a small radius of curvature. Parameters specific to the design of modern metro cars were taken into account. Current knowledge of non-linear lateral dynamics of rail vehicles and the specialist computer programme Vi-Rail were used to perform the calculations involving simulation models.
Źródło:
Rail Vehicles/Pojazdy Szynowe; 2023, 3-4; 25-32
0138-0370
2719-9630
Pojawia się w:
Rail Vehicles/Pojazdy Szynowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Testing the wear of wheelsets of EN97 series vehicles in terms of geometrical parameters of the wheel profile in two-year operation
Autorzy:
Sawczuk, Wojciech
Rilo Cañás, Armando Miguel
Kołodziejski, Sławomir
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/32102709.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-11-30
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Poznański Instytut Technologiczny
Tematy:
wheelset
wheel profile
electric multiple unit
operational test
Opis:
The article presents the results of wheel wear tests of selected EN97 series electric multiple units. In the tests carried out on the 14 vehicles mentioned above, which were driven on the same route, geometrical parameters of the profile of all wheels were recorded during periodic inspections. The analyzed data concerned the period of over two years of use, when the vehicles were delivered from the manufacturer to the carrier as new. In the form of graphs, cases of exceeding a given parameter in relation to the requirements set in the Maintenance System Documentation are presented, broken down into individual wheelsets. The article presents the results of operational tests, which show which wheel set parameters (wheel diameter, rim steepness, rim thickness, rim height, etc.) are most often exceeded and which are least. The analyzes of the geometric parameters of the wheel profile on the tested group of vehicles, which were used on the same route in the same period, clearly prove that the parameters most often exceeded are wheel diameter and rim steepness. These two exceeded parameters were the basis for turning the wheelsets.
Źródło:
Rail Vehicles/Pojazdy Szynowe; 2023, 1-2; 38-45
0138-0370
2719-9630
Pojawia się w:
Rail Vehicles/Pojazdy Szynowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The characteristics of the selected types of wheel wear and their effect on the rail vehicle – track interaction
Autorzy:
Słowiński, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/32101680.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-05-24
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Poznański Instytut Technologiczny
Tematy:
wear
rail vehicle wheel
polygonisation
wheel flat
shelling
Opis:
The aim of this paper is to present the selected types of rail wheel wear and their influence on vehicle-track interaction. The first part discusses the wheel-rail interface and presents the essential information about the wear of rail vehicle wheels. Differences in the nature of the wear of rail and tram wheels are pointed out. Then, characteristics of typical forms of wheel wear are presented, together with the description of the mechanisms of their occurrence and the existing technical measures leading to their reduction. In the last part of the text, the impact of the previously described forms of wheel wear on the vehicle-track interaction is discussed.
Źródło:
Rail Vehicles/Pojazdy Szynowe; 2022, 1-2; 3-9
0138-0370
2719-9630
Pojawia się w:
Rail Vehicles/Pojazdy Szynowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of Grain Size and Feed Rate on Selected Aspects of Corundum Ceramic Grinding Using Spherical Diamond Heads
Autorzy:
Szajna, Artur
Bazan, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2023780.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
grinding
corundum ceramics
spherical diamond head
grinding wheel wear
szlifowanie
korund ceramiczny
głowica diamentowa sferyczna
zużycie ściernicy
Opis:
The article presents the results of experimental research on the grinding of corundum ceramics in the pre-sintered state, with spherical diamond heads. The aim of the experiment was to determine the effect of grain size and feed rate on selected aspects of the grinding process of corundum ceramics with the use of spherical diamond heads. In the experiment, grinding wheels with a ball diameter of 3 mm and different grain sizes were used; the grain numbers were D64, D91, D126 and D181. The tests were carried out on the Ultrasonic 20 Linear machining center at a constant rotational rate of the grinding wheel n = 38,000 rpm and a grinding depth of 30 µm. The feed rate was set on 3 values: 200, 400 and 600 mm / min. During the research, the process temperature was recorded with a thermal imaging camera. The topography of grinding wheels before and after the grinding process and the topography of the ground surface were also measured. The parameters Sa and Ŝz (Ŝz= Spk+Sk+Svk) were used to characterize the grinding heads. The conducted analyses showed the dependence of the parameters Sa and Ŝz of new grinding heads on the grain size described by the quadratic function (R^(2 )≥0.94). Statistically significant changes in the parameters Sa and Ŝz on the cutting surface of the grinding wheel, which occurred as a result of its wear, were observed. There was no significant relationship between the feed rate and the wear of grinding heads, probably due to the relatively small volume of the material removed. A positive correlation between the Sa and Ŝz parameters of the ground object and the grain size was observed. The research also showed an increase in the process temperature with an increase in the feed rate and an increase in the grain size.
Źródło:
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal; 2021, 15, 4; 149-159
2299-8624
Pojawia się w:
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wheel wear during the operation of rail vehicles : causes and effects
Zużycie koła podczas eksploatacji pojazdów szynowych : przyczyny i skutki
Autorzy:
Sobaś, Marek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2233905.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-05-10
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Poznański Instytut Technologiczny
Tematy:
wheel
wear
operation
rail vehicle
cause
effect
koło
zużycie
eksploatacja
pojazd szynowy
przyczyna
skutek
Opis:
The article presents the issues related to the wear of the outer outline of monoblock wheel rims in rail vehicles. The most often causes of wheel wear during commercial operation of rail vehicles are presented over the many decades of experiences gathered by European boards. The effects of rail vehicle wheels wear and countermeasures against wear are presented.
W artykule przedstawiono problematykę związaną ze zużyciem zarysu zewnętrznego wieńców kół monoblokowych w pojazdach szynowych. Przedstawiono najczęstsze przyczyny zużycia kół podczas eksploatacji komercyjnej pojazdów szynowych na przestrzeni wielu doświadczeń zebranych podczas wielu dziesiątków lat przez zarządy europejskie. Zaprezentowano skutki zużycia kół pojazdów szynowych oraz środki zaradcze, przeciwdziałające zużyciu.
Źródło:
Rail Vehicles/Pojazdy Szynowe; 2021, 2; 16-28
0138-0370
2719-9630
Pojawia się w:
Rail Vehicles/Pojazdy Szynowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Abrasion Resistance of S235, S355, C45, AISI 304 and Hardox 500 Steels with Usage of Garnet, Corundum and Carborundum Abrasives
Autorzy:
Szala, Mirosław
Szafran, Michał
Macek, Wojciech
Marchenko, Stanislav
Hejwowski, Tadeusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/103045.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
abrasion
wear resistance
dry sand-rubber wheel test
garnet
aluminum oxide
silicon carbide
steel
hardness
microstructure
odporność na ścieranie
test koła suchy piasek-guma
granat
tlenek glinu
węglik krzemu
stal
twardość
mikrostruktura
Opis:
The steel presents a wide field of application. The abrasive wear resistance of steel relies mainly on the microstructure, hardness as well as on the abrasive material properties. Moreover, the selection of a abrasion-resistant grade of steel still seems to be a crucial and unsolved problem, especially due to the fact that the actual operating conditions can be affected by the presence of different abrasive materials. The aim of this work was to determine the effect of different abrasive grit materials i.e. garnet, corundum and carborundum on the abrasive wear result of a commonly used in industry practice steels i.e. S235, S355, C45, AISI 304 and Hardox 500. The microstructure of the steel was investigated using light optical microscopy. Moreover, hardness was measured with Vickers hardness tester. Additionally, the size and morphology of the abrasive materials were characterized. The abrasion tests were conducted with the usage of T-07 tribotester (dry sand rubber wheel). The results demonstrate that the hardness and structure of steels and hardness of abrasive grids influenced the wear results. The abrasive wear behavior of steels was dominated by microscratching and microcutting wear mechanisms. The highest mass loss was obtained for garnet, corundum, and carborundum, respectively. The usage of various abrasives results in different abrasion resistance for each tested steel grade. The AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel presents an outstanding abrasive wear resistance while usage of corundum and Hardox 500 while using a garnet as abrasive material. The C45 carbon steel was less resistant than AISI 304 for all three examined abrasives. The lowest resistance to wear in garnet and carborundum was obtained for the S235JR and S355J2 ferritic-perlitic carbon steels and in corundum for Hardox 500 which has tempered martensitic structure.
Źródło:
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal; 2019, 13, 4; 151-161
2299-8624
Pojawia się w:
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Computer aided simulation analysis for wear investigation of railway wheel running surface
Autorzy:
Šťastniak, Pavol
Smetanka, Lukáš
Drozdziel, Pawel
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/329012.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Polskie Towarzystwo Diagnostyki Technicznej PAN
Tematy:
wear research
railway
wheel heads
computer simulation
badanie zużycia
kolej
koło
symulacja komputerowa
Opis:
In railway applications wear prediction in the wheel-rail interface is a fundamental matter in order to study problems such as wheel lifespan and the evolution of vehicle dynamic characteristic with time. The change of the running surface of the railway wheels head has not only a great influence on the dynamic properties of the vehicle, but also a significant economical, safety and ecological impact in the process of the rail transport. One of the ways to predict these undesired situations are computer aided simulation analyzes. In this paper are presented results of wheel profile wear by Archard wear law, when the computational model of railway vehicle was driving in track by constant velocity. The vehicle was traveling along track where the rail profile was defined by standard (UIC 60 profile) with cant of 1:40, or the track profile really measured on the track, the profile S 91700_16 with the cant of 1:20. Simulations were realized by SIMPACK software.
Źródło:
Diagnostyka; 2019, 20, 3; 63-68
1641-6414
2449-5220
Pojawia się w:
Diagnostyka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Mechanical behavior of wheel steels with solid solution and precipitation hardening
Autorzy:
Kulyk, V. V.
Shipitsyn, S. Ya.
Ostash, O. P.
Duriagina, Z. A.
Vira, V. V.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/378578.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Komputerowej Nauki o Materiałach i Inżynierii Powierzchni w Gliwicach
Tematy:
railway wheel steel
alloying
resistance to flat formation
wear
damaging
stalowe koło kolejowe
stopowanie
odporność na formowanie płaskie
zużycie
uszkodzenia
Opis:
Purpose: The aim of the proposed research is to investigate operational properties of a wheel steel treated with simultaneous solid solution and precipitation hardening at various carbon content, in comparison with the standard wheel grade T steel. Design/methodology/approach: The mechanical behaviour of wheel steels with increased content of silicon, manganese, vanadium, and nitrogen at various carbon content has been investigated and compared to that of the standard high-strength wheel grade T steel. The steels were undergo thermal treatment due to austenitic heating up to a temperature of 950.C with cooling down in water to 550.C followed by intense blowing of blanks in the air. After that, a tempering was performed at a temperature in the range of 450-650.C. Static strength (UTS), relative elongation (TEL), impact toughness tests (KCV) were determined on standard specimens. The characteristics of Mode I fatigue crack growth resistance of steel were determined on the basis of fatigue macrocrack growth rate diagrams da/dN–ΔKI, obtained by the standard method on compact specimens with the thickness of 10 mm at a frequency of 10-15 Hz and the stress ratio R = 0.1 and R = 0.5 of the loading cycle. The characteristics of Mode II fatigue crack growth resistance were determined on the basis of da/dN–ΔKII diagrams, obtained earlier method on edge notched specimens with the thickness 3.2 mm at a frequency of 10-15 Hz and R = -1 taking account of the crack face friction. Rolling contact fatigue testing was carried out on the model specimens. Findings: The regularities of the change of mechanical characteristics of the high-strength wheel steel with simultaneous solid solution and precipitation hardening at lowered carbon content under static, impact and cyclic loading are studied. Research limitations/implications: The results obtained using laboratory samples should be checked during a real railway wheels investigation. Practical implications: The investigated steel with simultaneous solid solution and precipitation hardening provides high wear resistance of the tread surface and damage resistance determined on the model wheels. Originality/value: A steel with solid solution hardening due to increased content of silicon (up to 0.7%) and manganese (up to 0.8%) and also with precipitation hardening (at optimal content of vanadium and nitrogen [V‧N]‧104 = 28.9%) at lowered carbon content (0.52) possesses high strength and fatigue fracture toughness in cases of Mode I and Mode II loading, causing better combination of wear and damage resistances of the tread surface of the model wheels, as compared to corresponding parameters for grade T steel.
Źródło:
Archives of Materials Science and Engineering; 2019, 95, 2; 49-54
1897-2764
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Materials Science and Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of the possibilities of using CrN+a-C:H:W coatings to mitigate fretting wear in push fit joints operating in rotational bending conditions
Analiza możliwości zastosowania wybranych powłok diamond-like-carbon celem ograniczenia zużycia frettingowego w połączeniach wciskowych pracujących w warunkach zginania obrotowego
Autorzy:
Kowalski, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/971355.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
zużycie frettingowe
zestaw kół
powłoka PVD
zginanie obrotowe
CrN+a-C:H:W
fretting wear
wheel set
PVD coating
rotational bending
Opis:
In this article, the results of wear tests of a push fit joint operating in rotational bending conditions have been presented. The assumed operation conditions were similar to those for a real rail vehicle wheel set. Samples made of uncoated C45 steel and those in which shafts were covered with a CrN+a-C:H:W coating were analysed. The push fit joint was loaded with 550 N, and it completed 8x106 cycles. Following wear tests, the macroscopic and microscopic observations of the shaft top layer were conducted to determine the intensity of fretting wear development. The former demonstrated that, in the case of uncoated shafts, wear occurs on either side of the joint, in the form of a maximum 2 mm wide ring. The use of protective coatings significantly reduced damage to the shaft top layer. Traces of fretting wear occur occasionally at the shaft circumference and affect small areas. The microscopic observations and EDS analysis of the chemical composition of the areas affected by fretting demonstrated mainly wear in the form of the build-up of material originating from, first of all, the shearing of sleeve top layer micro-irregularities that underwent plastic deformation and then oxidation.
W artykule zaprezentowano wyniki badań zużyciowych połączenia wciskowego pracującego w warunkach zginania obrotowego. Przyjęte warunki pracy zbliżone były do warunków pracy rzeczywistego zestawu kołowego pojazdów szynowych. Analizie poddano próbki wykonane ze stali C45 bez powłoki oraz próbki, w których wały pokryto powłoką CrN+a-C:H:W. Połączenie wciskowe obciążone zostało siłą 550N i wykonało 8x106 cykli. Po badaniach zużyciowych przeprowadzono obserwacje makroskopowe i mikroskopowe warstwy wierzchniej wałów w celu określenia intensywności rozwoju zużycia frettingowego. Te pierwsze wykazały, że w przypadku wałów bez powłoki zużycie występuje po obu stronach połączenia w postaci pierścienia o maksymalnej szerokości 2 mm. Zastosowanie powłok ochronnych zdecydowanie zmniejszyło uszkodzenia warstwy wierzchniej wałów. Ślady zużycia frettingowego występują sporadycznie na obwodzie wałka i zajmują niewielkie obszary. Obserwacje mikroskopowe oraz analiza EDS składu chemicznego obszarów zajętych przez zjawisko frettingu wykazały w głównej mierze zużycie w postaci nalepów materiału pochodzącego przede wszystkim ze ścinania mikronierówności warstwy wierzchniej tulei, które uległy deformacjom plastycznym, a następnie utlenieniu.
Źródło:
Tribologia; 2018, 277, 1; 45-55
0208-7774
Pojawia się w:
Tribologia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Out-of-round tram wheels – current state and measurements
Autorzy:
Staśkiewicz, T.
Firlik, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/223712.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
rail vehicles
tram wheel
out-of-roundness
accelerated wear
polygonization
pojazdy szynowe
koło tramwajowe
brak okrągłości
przyspieszone zużycie
proces poligonizacji
Opis:
Railway or tram wheel is never perfectly round and its surface is not ideally smooth, even at the very moment after manufacturing. This induces dynamic interaction between wheel and rail while rolling, which may result in accelerated wear, fatigue cracking, corrugation formation (both on wheels and rails) and intensified vibroacoustic emission. This paper is an attempt of summarising the current scientific achievements concerning out-of-round (OOR) tram wheels. The gathered research may provide an introduction to the broader analysis of this issue in tram technology. However there is still very little scientific works dedicated directly to light rail vehicles such as trams. The measuring methodology of out-of-round tram wheels is also described in this article. Appropriate measurements were made on the wheels of selected vehicles operated by municipal tram company in Poznań. The obtained results allowed to learn the characteristic forms of out-of-round tram wheels, among which, several forms of polygonization (ovalization, triangularization, etc.) were observed. Therefore we confirmed the thesis, that the method of fixing tram wheel rims in the lathe has a significant effect on formation of the unevenness of its rolling surface, both when new (just after turning) and, after some mileage of use, when even small irregularities become amplified. We observed also that the amplitude values from 5th up to 10th harmonic orders were increased during the operation. The initial out-of-round shape of the wheel should be likely present on the worn wheel, but with increased amplitudes of irregularities. Wheel out-of-roundness should be identified and removed at the soonest possible state to prevent its development and generating issues in the future operation, that are for example: rolling stock and infrastructure damage, impaired comfort of passengers and city inhabitants. It makes out-of-round wheels a serious problem to cope with for the vehicle operators, which can lead even to a catastrophe.
Źródło:
Archives of Transport; 2018, 45, 1; 93-103
0866-9546
2300-8830
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Transport
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Research on metal fatigue of rail vehicle wheel considering the wear intensity of rolling surface
Badanie zmęczenia metalu koła pojazdu szynowego z uwzględnieniem intensywności zużycia powierzchni tocznej
Autorzy:
Vaičiūnas, G.
Bureika, G.
Steišūnas, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/301812.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Polskie Naukowo-Techniczne Towarzystwo Eksploatacyjne PAN
Tematy:
rail vehicle
wheel-set
wheel rolling surface
wear intensity
metal fatigue
Sharpe ratio
pojazd szynowy
zestaw kołowy
powierzchnia toczna koła
intensywność zużycia
zmęczenie metali
współczynnik Sharpe'a
Opis:
The article overviews scientific research studies that examine the interaction between railway vehicle wheel and rail, and the phenomena of wear on wheel rolling surface. Unique experimental research has been conducted, in which regularity of weariness on rolling surface of exploitable locomotive wheel and phenomena of metal fatigue on wheel were researched. A hypothesis is made, that according to the differences in weariness intensity of wheel rolling surface it is possible to determine the start of metal fatigue. The inequality of wear intensity of different locomotive wheels is assessed by the Sharpe ratio, adapting it to describe the wheel wear intensity criteria. Based on the results of research, the authors propose a simplified and reliable methodology for determining metal fatigue on locomotive wheels at initial stages. The uneven wear on rolling surface of different wheels of wheelset inevitably changes the values of Sharpe ratio, which can accurately describe the conditions in which the critical metal fatigue on wheels begins to emerge.
W artykule omówiono badania naukowe dotyczące wzajemnych oddziaływań między kołem pojazdu szynowego a szyną oraz zjawiska zużycia powierzchni tocznej kół. Przeprowadzono nowatorskie badania eksperymentalne, w których zbadano prawidłowości dotyczące zużywania się powierzchni tocznej eksploatowanego koła lokomotywy oraz zjawisko zmęczenia metalu koła. Założono hipotezę, że na podstawie różnic w intensywności zużycia powierzchni tocznej kół można określić początek procesu zmęczenia metalu. Różnice w intensywności zużycia różnych kół lokomotywy oceniano na podstawie współczynnika Sharpe'a, dostosowując go do opisu kryteriów intensywności zużycia kół. Na podstawie wyników badań autorzy zaproponowali uproszczoną, rzetelną metodologię określania zmęczenia metalu kół lokomotywy na początkowym etapie tego procesu. Nierównomierne zużycie powierzchni tocznej różnych kół zestawu kołowego zmienia wartości współczynnika Sharpe'a, które można wykorzystać do precyzyjnego opisu warunków, w jakich dochodzi do krytycznego zmęczenia metalu kół.
Źródło:
Eksploatacja i Niezawodność; 2018, 20, 1; 24-29
1507-2711
Pojawia się w:
Eksploatacja i Niezawodność
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 60

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