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Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 59
Tytuł:
What’s New in Western Balkans?
Autorzy:
Gajin, Dragan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/530029.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-12-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
Western Balkans
EU
competition law
individual exemption
merger control
antitrust
restrictive agreements
abuse of dominance.
Opis:
Western Balkan jurisdictions (Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Macedonia (FYROM)) are often outside the focus of the competition community in the EU. This paper aims to rectify that, by providing an overview of the most interesting competition law developments in these jurisdictions during 2017. The overview will show that, despite similarities in their competition legislation, the observed jurisdictions differ when it comes to their priorities in competition law enforcement: while for some the accent is on merger control, for others it is on antitrust. The paper also highlights certain peculiarities of the observed jurisdictions, even though they are all based on the EU model. These include the existence of a notification system with respect to individual exemptions of restrictive agreements in three out of the four observed jurisdictions.
Les juridictions des Balkans occidentaux (Serbie, Monténégro, Bosnie-et-Herzégovine et Macédoine (ARYM)) souvent ne sont pas au centre du débat sur la concurrence d l’UE. Cet article vise à remédier à cela, en donnant un aperçu des plus intéressants développements du droit de la concurrence dans ces pays au cours de 2017. La vue d’ensemble indique que, en dépit des similitudes dans leur législation sur la concurrence, les juridictions observées diffèrent en ce qui concerne leurs priorités en matière d’application du droit de la concurrence: alors que pour certains l’accent est mis sur le contrôle des concentrations, pour d’autres il est sur la concurrence. L’article met également en évidence certaines particularités des juridictions observées, même si elles sont toutes basées sur le modèle de l’UE. Ceux-ci comprennent l’existence d’un système de notification en ce qui concerne les exemptions individuelles des accords restrictifs dans trois des quatre juridictions observées.
Źródło:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2018, 11(18); 285-296
1689-9024
2545-0115
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Competition Law in Western Balkans: Developments in 2018
Autorzy:
Gajin, Dragan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2159213.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-10-29
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
Western Balkans
Serbia
Montenegro
Bosnia and Herzegovina
North
Macedonia
competition law
individual exemption
merger control
antitrust
restrictive agreements
abuse of dominance
enforcement
Opis:
In 2018, the competition authorities in the Western Balkans (Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and North Macedonia) have continued with their enforcement activities. The level of their activity varies from year to year, but the trend has continued where the Serbian competition authority is the most active one in the region. Generally, the focus of the enforcement activities of the Balkan competition authorities is on merger control, an exception being Bosnia and Herzegovina, where the emphasis is on antitrust enforcement.
En 2018, les autorités de concurrence des Balkans occidentaux (Serbie, Monténégro, Bosnie-Herzégovine et Macédoine du Nord) ont poursuivi leurs activités d’application du droit de la concurrence. Le niveau de leur activité varie d’une année à l’autre, mais la tendance s’est maintenue là où l’autorité serbe de la concurrence est la plus active dans la région. D’une manière générale, les activités d’application des règles menées par les autorités de concurrence des Balkans sont concentrées sur le contrôle des concentrations, à l’exception de la Bosnie-et- Herzégovine, où l’accent est mis sur l’application des règles antitrust.
Źródło:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2019, 12, 19; 199-214
1689-9024
2545-0115
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Understanding the Complexity: Europeanization in the Western Balkans
Autorzy:
Babić, Marko
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/420866.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Akademia Ignatianum w Krakowie
Opis:
This paper aims to review some important ideas, conceptualizations and definitions of  Europeanization from the perspectives of the European integration processes in the Western Balkans region. Europeanization can be understood not only as a modernization process with its norms and values, but also as changes in the substance and process of democratic governance. The region provides further explanatory tools of Europeanization, such as “Balkanization,” in terms of closing up the process of establishing stable nation-states or a “quasi-Metanarrative” which provides a virtually new meaning to political life in the region. The paper’s goal is also to explain the specificities related to the processes of Europeanization in this rapidly transforming region of Europe.
Źródło:
Horyzonty Polityki; 2014, 5, 10; 85-104
2082-5897
Pojawia się w:
Horyzonty Polityki
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Visa liberalisation and economic implication for the Western Balkans
Autorzy:
Sela, Ylber
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1035828.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Academicus. International Scientific Journal publishing house
Tematy:
Visas
western Balkans
European Union
liberalization
re-acceptance
Opis:
When in April, 2007, western Balkan countries started the facilitation of the visa agreement that will allow them extremely simplified procedures for visa application in order to enter EU countries, many of the citizens of this region that historically has been isolated were skeptical this will really happen. This article analyses in detail the process of visa liberalization for the western Balkan countries and argues that visa facilitation is shown to be very useful despite the fact that only one country – known as “ghettoized” – the Republic of Kosovo. This state that is recognized internationally by 75 nations, of which 22 are EU, has remained the last Balkan country whose citizens still cannot travel freely in the EU. An important role in visa liberalization are the agreements of re-acceptance which are signed between the countries of the region and the European Commission that asks said countries to turn back all their citizens which are found illegally in the EU. Among others, this article provides an objective analysis in terms of the political implications of visa liberalization and free movement inside the European Union. The authors argue that traveling facilitations have become useful for citizens of particular countries whose aims are for positive achievements and growth along with the EU.
Źródło:
Academicus International Scientific Journal; 2011, 04; 118-129
2079-3715
2309-1088
Pojawia się w:
Academicus International Scientific Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Geopolitics in the Western Balkans: linkages, leverages and gatekeepers
Autorzy:
Abazi, Enika
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1968693.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-07-01
Wydawca:
Academicus. International Scientific Journal publishing house
Tematy:
Western Balkans
EU
linkages
cooperation
integration
power
leverage
small power
Opis:
With the end of the Cold War, Western Balkans countries have embraced the perspective of integration into the Euro-Atlantic structures, with the exception of Serbia and Bosnia-Herzegovina regarding accession in NATO. The return of international system from hegemonic to competitive followed by the ambiguities that accompany the integration into the Euro-Atlantic structures marked the return of competitors like China, Russia and Turkey in the regional affairs. To map out sources of influence and the context in which foreign interferences affect decision-making and interests, transfer ideas and norms in the region, the paper uses the concept of linkages that facilitate the understanding of opportunities and constrains, benefits and costs resulting from established relationship between Western Balkan countries and different international and regional powers. The paper makes a multi-level investigation of linkages developed between Western Balkans and the leverage of the most influential actors during the last decade, without undermining historical and societal context that favor of disfavor them.
Źródło:
Academicus International Scientific Journal; 2021, 12, 24; 85-108
2079-3715
2309-1088
Pojawia się w:
Academicus International Scientific Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Western Balkans, Albania and the Diatribe between Development and Change
Autorzy:
Jeha, Ilda
Çabiri, Ylli
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1037890.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Academicus. International Scientific Journal publishing house
Tematy:
development
change
transition
governance
international partners
democracy
Opis:
While there is a clear tendency to address research of the ratio between change and development for very specific cases in comparison with the level of various countries, we think that we should go beyond such situation and focus rather on analysing and studying transition in former Communist countries. Such analysis could even lead to finding out the reasons for more attention being paid to change instead of development, but the influence of the tendency of the international partners in Albania and the entire region of the Western Balkan in favour of change and to the detriment of development has had its adverse and irreparable consequences.
Źródło:
Academicus International Scientific Journal; 2018, 18; 53-62
2079-3715
2309-1088
Pojawia się w:
Academicus International Scientific Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
COVID-19 aftermath and tourism innovation in Western Balkans: A commentary
Autorzy:
Nientied, Peter
Shutina, Dritan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2033945.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-12-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Źródło:
European Spatial Research and Policy; 2021, 28, 2; 187-193
1231-1952
1896-1525
Pojawia się w:
European Spatial Research and Policy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Morphological variability of Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl in the north-western Balkans
Autorzy:
Jarni, K.
Westergren, M.
Kraigher, H.
Brus, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/58877.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Botaniczne
Tematy:
Balkans
Fraxinus angustifolia
fruit
morphological variability
morphometric analysis
narrow-leaved ash
plant variation
shaded leaf
plant population
Opis:
Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl is a species native in the north-western Balkans, where it has a divided range. Most of its range is located in flood-prone riparian sites in the Pannonian plain but the species is also found on humid sites along some rivers in the Submediterranean region. We analysed morphologic variation within and between five populations (14 trees/population) located in the Subpannonian and Submediterranean region of Slovenia. Thirty two characters were assessed on ca. 80 leaves from each tree which were divided depending on exposure to sunlight (sun and shade leaves), and 8 traits on each fruit (ca. 50 fruits/tree). A hierarchically designed experiment using analysis of variance confirmed the significant contribution of all the analysed hierarchical levels of variation to the total variation. The results show that the differences between the trees in a single population are the greatest factor of variability of leaves, followed by differences between populations and differences which are the result of variation in exposure to sunlight. Leaves in shade positions are typically larger than those in sunny positions, and they have broader and shorter-pointed leaflets; in this feature they are very similar to the leaves of F. excelsior. Stepwise discriminant analysis showed that the traits which refer to the leaflet number and length are the best differentiating traits between individual populations. The Submediterranean population Dragonja stands out with the smallest leaves and the population Lijak from the same region is the most similar to Dragonja for most morphological traits. In general, phenotypic differences between the Subpannonian and the Submediterranean populations of F. angustifolia are minor and indistinct. Based on the differences ascertained by the study, we can only confirm the presence of F. angustifolia subsp. oxycarpa (Bieb. ex Willd.) Franco et Rocha Alfonso in this part of its natural range.
Źródło:
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae; 2011, 80, 3
0001-6977
2083-9480
Pojawia się w:
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The regional cooperation in the Western Balkans and the Open Balkans initiative
Autorzy:
Bregu, Meljana
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/23508109.pdf
Data publikacji:
2024-01-02
Wydawca:
Academicus. International Scientific Journal publishing house
Tematy:
regional cooperation
Open Balkan
European integration
Opis:
The paper examines the efforts to enhance regional cooperation in the Western Balkans and how this has increased engagement between the EU and the Western Balkans. The regional initiatives are more present when the European Union (EU) shows little interest in the Western Balkans region. However, these efforts have yet to address all the concerns adequately and have not brought to life tangible results despite many political declarations. One of the most commented initiatives, like the Open Balkans, has caused concern in the region and caused tension between Kosovo and Albania over the past few years. The paper enlightens the challenges of regional cooperation during the last years, the contribution of this process in the integration process, and the role played by Albania. Also, the paper tries to analyze the success and failures of the "Open Balkan" initiative and the Regional Common Market. Furthermore, the paper framework examined the progress of regional cooperation initiatives and the region's attention to the European integration process. Additionally, the paper seeks to determine whether regional cooperation is a viable alternative for the region or merely an external-driven initiative and the role of the EU in promoting regional cooperation
Źródło:
Academicus International Scientific Journal; 2024, 15, 29; 191-206
2079-3715
2309-1088
Pojawia się w:
Academicus International Scientific Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Prospects for Extending the European Union to the Countries of the Western Balkans
Autorzy:
Adamczyk, Artur
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/558346.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Centrum Europejskie
Tematy:
European Union
Enlargement Process
Western Balkans
Opis:
The main objective of the article is to present the prospect of extending the European Union to the countries of the Western Balkans. It presents the criteria to be met by the candidates for EU accession, followed by an analysis of the most important problems related to the accession process, both those afflicting the Member States (enlargement fatigue – lack of acceptance for further enlargements among societies) and those faced by the Western Balkan countries – lack of political stability, widespread corruption, organized crime, unresolved disputes with neighbours, lack of preparation for functioning in the common market. Subsequently, the perspectives of possible EU enlargements for the Balkan countries are outlined.
Źródło:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs; 2018, 4; 125-148
1428-149X
2719-3780
Pojawia się w:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
WESTERN BALKANS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION POLICY (Balkany Zachodnie w polityce Unii Europejskiej)
Autorzy:
Olszewski, Pawel
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/416315.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Uczelnia Łazarskiego. Oficyna Wydawnicza
Tematy:
EU POLICY
REGIONAL CO-OPERATION
Opis:
In the present article, the author analyzes the position of the West Balkans in the European Union policy, wondering about the directions of its development, and presenting and analyzing the methods of its implementation as well as the planned and achieved objectives. At the same time he attempts to present attitudes of individual countries' societies of the region towards the European Union, highlighting the specific aspect of development of functional regional co-operation.
Źródło:
Myśl Ekonomiczna i Polityczna; 2010, 1(28); 176-204
2081-5913
2545-0964
Pojawia się w:
Myśl Ekonomiczna i Polityczna
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
(Nie)Etyczna Unia Europejska na Bałkanach
(Un)Ethical European Union in the Western Balkans
Autorzy:
Pawlak, Mateusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/20311583.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
European Union
Balkans
High Representative
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Opis:
Although all the Western Balkan countries have been offered the prospect of European Union (EU) membership, the accession process still constitutes a complicated and multi-aspect challenge. EU support and engagement in the region have resulted in a few successes, nonetheless, describing them as major breakthroughs is far from the reality. Since the establishment of the Dayton Agreement in 1995, ending the conflict in Bosnia and Herzegovina, most of the Balkan states have not managed to accomplish their political, ideological and civic transformations yet. However, the difficult situation and frequent negotiation stalemates are not only the outcomes of the unsatisfactory progress made by the Peninsular countries. Ambiguous and unethical (in some cases) behaviour can also be noticed from the EU decision-makers’ side. The following article aims to present concrete examples of EU external policy actions in Bosnia and Herzegovina which can be described as controversial. However, the author attempts to prove the thesis that unethical external policy is not always a zero-sum game, and in particular circumstances it can be paradoxically perceived as the best solution. Taking into consideration the comprehensiveness of the problem and editorial limitations, the analysis focuses on activities of the High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina, who used to be (during four out of seven tenures) the EU Special Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Źródło:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym; 2013, 16; 125-130
1899-2226
2353-4869
Pojawia się w:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Late medieval Vlachs in the western Balkans: orality, society and the limits of collective identities
Autorzy:
Pijović, Marko
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1490634.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-07-18
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Vlachs
Middle Ages
social communication
orality and literacy
group identity
transhumant pastoralism
Southeastern Europe
Opis:
This paper explores the social structures of late medieval Vlachs – particularly the ones inhabiting the Western Balkans (the Dinaric Alps) – in order to determine how collective identities were shaped and reproduced in medieval oral cultures. Southeast European historiographies have often portrayed the Balkan Vlachs as a unitary group and the label „Vlach” as representing a single, homogenous social entity during most of the Middle Ages. Still, social groups cannot exist and function without regular communication – oral or written – between their members. Oral cultures are based on verbal communication and are therefore bound by its specific nature, given that it requires continuous personal contact and oral transfer of information for communication and society to function properly. Literate cultures on the other hand tend to rely on written communication to a considerable extent and given that it allows for information to be conveyed impersonally (by text) its range is (at least in theory) almost limitless – as it is the level of (il)literacy that represents the main communicative and social limit in literate societies. Having in mind the abovementioned communicative and social limits of orality and the fact that it was the predominant if not exclusive form of communication among transhumant pastoralists such as the medieval Balkan Vlachs this paper argues that the range/scope of their group identities and collective identifications was rather limited. Furthermore, this paper discusses the types of collective identities utilized by Vlachs, questioning whether they ever shared a common „Vlach identity” given the fact that the social identity of the medieval people known as „the Vlachs” was primarily shaped and defined from the „outside” and „above” – by state intervention and a legal frame that was forced upon them. The Vlachs in the Medieval Balkans, and particularly in its western part, generally did not possess political authority and power, nor did they have the material resources and literary traditions allowing them to form more complex and enduring communication networks that would in turn have resulted in group identity formation on a larger scale. During the Early Middle Ages the Vlachs were „Vlachs” primarily because they were labelled as such and considered to be a distinct category of population by their Slavic (and later Byzantine) neighbours and overlords, and not necessarily because they originally defined themselves as such. This is not to say that gradually, during the course of the Middle Ages, the bearers of the „Vlach” name could not have started to identify themselves as „Vlachs” by accepting this foreign name (xenonym) as their preferred group name (autonym). Still, when this finally did happen it did not imply a „universal” Vlach identity in the medieval Balkans. Given the communicative limits of oral cultures as well as the Vlachs’ position as legal and political „objects” rather than „subjects” it seems most likely that the medieval Balkans witnessed a simultaneous existence of a multitude of „Vlachnesses” which were usually unrelated and unaware of each other.
Źródło:
Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia; 2021, 28, 1; 65-92
0239-4278
2450-3177
Pojawia się w:
Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Competition Enforcement Models in the Western Balkans Countries – The Rule of Law Still Terra Incognita?
Autorzy:
Marković-Bajalović, Dijana
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2159030.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-12-18
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
competition enforcement models
the administrative model of
competition enforcement
Directive 2019/1
stabilisation and association agreement
Western Balkan countries
the rule of law
Opis:
The administrative model of competition law enforcement is the prevailing model in the EU Member States. Although Member States are free to choose between the administrative and the judicial model or their combination, many of them opted for the administrative model taking the EU model as an example. The same is valid for the candidate and potential candidate states of Western Balkans. The new Directive 2019/1 deals with the issue of safeguarding the fundamental rights in competition proceedings in general terms only, while stabilisation and association agreements lay down the rule of law as a fundamental principle, but do not say much regarding the features of the competition enforcement model. Candidate countries did not consider the rule of law requirements when designing their competition enforcement models. Competition authorities combine investigative and decision-making powers, preventing them from impartial decision-making. Rules on the appointment, that is, election of members of decision-making bodies, and the limited term of office, made competition authorities susceptible to political influence. Administrative courts are in charge of disputes initiated against decisions of competition authorities in the second instance. Limitations on applying full jurisdiction proceedings, and the modest expertise of administrative law judges in competition law, prevent courts from dealing with the merits of competition cases. Hence, effective judicial control of decisions of competition authorities is missing. The European Commission should monitor the observance of fundamental legal principles in competition law enforcement when assessing the readiness of candidate states to join the EU.
Le modèle administratif d’application du droit de la concurrence est le modèle qui prévaut dans les États membres de l’UE. Bien que les États membres puissant choisir entre le modèle administratif et le modèle judiciaire ou leur combinaison, nombreux sont ceux qui ont opté pour le modèle administratif en prenant le modèle de l’UE comme modèle. La même remarque vaut pour les pays candidats des Balkans occidentaux. La directive 2019/1 traite la question de la sauvegarde des droits fondamentaux dans les procédures de concurrence en termes généraux seulement, tandis que les accords de stabilisation et d’association posent l’État de droit comme principe fondamental, sans toutefois en préciser les caractéristiques du modèle d’application des règles de concurrence. Les pays candidats n’ont pas tenu compte des exigences de l’État de droit lors de la conception de leurs modèles d’application des règles de concurrence. Les autorités de concurrence combinent des pouvoirs d’enquête et de décision, les empêchant ainsi de prendre des decisions impartiales. Les règles de nomination, c’est-à-dire de l’élection des membres des organes de décision, et la durée limitée du mandat, ont rendu les autorités de la concurrence sensibles à l’influence politique. Les tribunaux administratifs sont en charge des procédures engagées contre les décisions des autorités de la concurrence en deuxième instance. Les limites imposées à l’application des procédures de pleine juridiction et la modeste expertise des juges administratifs en matière de droit de la concurrence ne permettent pas aux tribunaux de traiter au fond les affaires de concurrence. Il manque donc un contrôle juridictionnel efficace des décisions des autorités de concurrence. En conclusion, la Commission européenne devrait vérifier le respect des principes juridiques fondamentaux en matière d’application du droit de la concurrence lorsqu’elle évalue l’état de préparation des pays candidats à l’adhésion à l’UE.
Źródło:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2020, 13, 22; 27-66
1689-9024
2545-0115
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Perspectives for Kosovo’s Accession to the EU
Autorzy:
Raba-Schulze, Aleksandra
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1963324.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Kosovo
independence
Serbia
Western Balkans
Opis:
Kosovo, the smallest country in Europe, over 10 years after declaring its independence, still remains outside of the European Union. As one of the countries of former Yugoslavia, it benefitted from the process of European integration, yet compared to neighbouring Western Balkan countries it is at an early stage of stabilisation and association process. The paper points to the main problems that Kosovo is facing, both at the internal and external level, in the face of the accession process and future membership in the European Union.
Źródło:
Reality of Politics; 2018, 9; 98-111
2082-3959
Pojawia się w:
Reality of Politics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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