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Wyświetlanie 1-10 z 477
Tytuł:
Selected Problems of Personal Income Taxation in European Union Common Market (Economic and Political Issues)
Autorzy:
Wołowiec, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/558325.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Centrum Europejskie
Tematy:
Personal Income Taxation,
Subject of Taxation,
Object of Taxation,
Harmonization,
Common Market Classification
Opis:
The current taxation of personal incomes is a very complex phenomenon which should be analyzed not only from the legal point of view, but also taking into account into social, cultural, economic and political and system aspects. We cannot isolate the economic sphere from the tax sphere, as income taxes directly affect the way taxpayers function, their purchasing power, they determine labor costs for entrepreneurs and thus significantly infl uence the GDP growth rate. The issues of harmonizing taxation of incomes obtained by individuals who do not act as economic operators is practically absent in scientifi c literature. The only issues that are analyzed are those related to taxation of incomes from savings, transfers, capital gains, mergers and divisions. This is so because it is required by the nature of conducting economic operations within the common market.
Źródło:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs; 2017, 3; 137-161
1428-149X
2719-3780
Pojawia się w:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Contemporary dilemmas of taxation equality
Autorzy:
Radzikowski, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48899544.pdf
Data publikacji:
2024-04-14
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
taxation equality
progression of taxation
regression of taxation
Polish Deal
Opis:
The article confronts the most important political and economic thoughts dealing with the way of distributing the tax burden in society with contemporary socio-economic conditions and with the current tax legislation. The essence of the analyzed problem is the traditional dilemma of a flat tax or a progressive tax. In the economic terms, the Polish tax system, treated as a whole, together with social security (ZUS) and health care contributions (NFZ), is not progressive, but regressive, because in percentage terms, the effective burden generally decreases with increasing wealth (the nominal tax rates are flat with the exception of progression in case of PIT). The Polish Deal did not change the fundamental conclusion on the regression of the Polish tax system, although some social groups recorded an increase in the tax burden on personal income (PIT together with ZUS and NFZ contributions).
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica; 2023, 101; 358-379
0137-4346
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
PSYCHOLOGICZNE ASPEKTY SPRAWIEDLIWOŚCI PODATKOWEJ
PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF A TAXATION JUSTICE
Autorzy:
Wołowiec, Tomasz
Soboń, Janusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/479475.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-06-10
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Instytut Inżynierii Bezpieczeństwa i Nauk o Pracy. Polskie Towarzystwo Profesjologiczne.
Tematy:
opodatkowanie
sprawiedliwość podatkowa
psychologia ekonomiczna
taxation
taxation justice
economic psychology
Opis:
Generalnie można przyjąć, iż psychologia ekonomiczna jest dyscypliną, która zajmuje się mechanizmami i procesami psychicznymi leżącymi u podstaw zachowań konsumenckich i innych zachowań ekonomicznych (iluzji fiskalnych), w tym zachowań dotyczących postrzegania wartości nominalnych i realnych w procesach podatkowanych (psychologia opodatkowania). Psychologia ekonomiczna bada i ocenia, jaki wpływ na te zachowania mają preferencje, wybory, decyzje i inne czynniki. Zajmuje się również konsekwencjami tychże decyzji, szczególną wagę przywiązując do kwestii zaspokojenia potrzeb. Ponadto analizuje wpływ zjawisk ekonomicznych na ludzkie zachowanie i poczucie dobrobytu. Konsument (podatnik) funkcjonuje w konkretnym otoczeniu podatkowym, które zawsze należy rozpatrywać w czterech płaszczyznach1: normatywnej, organizacyjnej, ekonomicznej oraz psychologicznej.
Generally it can be assumed that an economic psychology is a discipline that deals with the mechanisms and psychological processes underlying consumer behavior and other behaviors of economic (fiscal illusion), including behavior on the perception of the value of nominal and real taxes processes (psychology taxation). An economic psychology examines and evaluates the impact on these behaviors have preferences, choices, decisions, and other factors. It also deals with the consequences of those decisions, paying special attention to the issue of needs. In addition, it analyzes the impact of economic phenomena on human behavior and a sense of well-being. The consumer (taxpayer) functions in a particular tax environment, which must always be considered in four levels: normative, organizational, economic and psychological.
Źródło:
Problemy Profesjologii; 2016, 1; 73-82
1895-197X
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Profesjologii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Modified Area-based System in Czech Republic
Autorzy:
Papavasilevská, Sandra
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2151008.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-03-31
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Gdański. Centrum Prawa Samorządowego i Prawa Finansów Lokalnych
Tematy:
recurrent taxes on immovable property
value-based taxation
area-based taxation
user charges
property taxation
Opis:
Tax system in the Czech Republic and offers some specific suggestions for reform. In the long term, their taxation could be maintained. Many politicians not only in the Czech Republic believe that a higher property tax on real estate investments can solve the housing crisis. There are several examples showing that such a solution does not lead to the desired result. In many states, such a tax increase solved a certain "housing crisis". Such a solution is at all sensible and will ultimately not only disadvantage economically the socially weaker, who do not have the resources to get their own place. On the other hand, the overall taxation of investment housing could contribute to increasing revenues of municipal budgets without changing the budgetary allocation of taxes. The inclusion of elements of elementary equality and work with so-called local coefficients, possibly combined with the categorisation of immovable property as established in the Land Registry, appears to be a meaningful key to the solution. On the basis of these two groups or categories, differential taxation can be achieved for a wide range of properties without creating room for discussion about what is and is not an investment apartment [OECD 2010]. But there are two weaknesses in dealing with this, namely policy changes, where the increase in the coefficient is unpopular within local authorities, and that it will be quite different in this area. The area-based property tax has been gaining influence in developing and transitional countries around the world. This report first examines how the area-based tax is administered in thirty-eight countries according to statutes. Area-based assessment is more commonly used in rural areas than urban areas, for land than buildings, and with few adjustments. Over half the countries allow some local control [Fischel 2001: 17]. The paper presents an overview of the theoretical and practical experience of both the immovable property taxation forms (area-based and value-based) concerning the different aspects of micro and macroefficiency, equity and the “ability to pay” aspects as well as the fiscal and technical aspects, with the special emphasis on (post)transition economies – new EU members. The EU recommendations in this area, especially concerning the shift of tax burden from (labour) income to property, are pointed out. The comparative analysis of relevant taxation in the EU member countries is presented, pointing out that some of them, which have fulfilled the formal requirement of the recurrent taxes on immovable property introduction, still implement a simpler form – the area-based one. In particular, the article focuses on the definition of the tax system in the Czech Republic, and intentionally on the processing of property taxes. Inheritance, gift and acquisition taxes on immovable property, including their definition and the way in which they are transformed, are mentioned in particular in these property taxes. However, the main objective of the work was to approximate the property tax, in relation to value-based taxation or a modified area-based system. Attention is also focused on defining the pluses and minuses of these taxes, what advantages they are, what advantages they are not, and which of the countries uses which system of taxation. The work seeks to highlight why a system is used within the Czech Republic, including its benefits within the tax system.
Źródło:
Financial Law Review; 2022, 25, 1; 197-206
2299-6834
Pojawia się w:
Financial Law Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Taxierende Attribute
Attributes of taxation
Autorzy:
Kürschner, Wilfried
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1289190.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-12-20
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Gdański. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego
Tematy:
Adjektiv
Attribut
Einschätzung
Taxierung
adjective
attribute
estimation
taxation
Opis:
Im folgenden Beitrag wird auf eine bestimmte Sorte adjektivischer Attribute aufmerksam gemacht. Się treten im Strukturschema „Adjektiv + Numerale + Substantiv (Maßangabe/Zählgröße)“ auf. Mit ihnen gibt der Sprecher dem Hörer vor, wie er den angesprochenen Sachverhalt auf einer Skala von „niedrig“ bis „hoch“, „wenig“ bis „viel“ oder dergleichen eingeschätzt, taxiert sehen möchte. Neben solchen skalaren Attributen weisen andere Belege übliche beschreibende Attribute auf. Die Belegsammlung, alphabetisch geordnet nach den vorkommenden Adjektiven, findet sich im Anhang.
The following paper deals with a special kind of adjectival attributes, so‑called attributes of taxation. They appear in the structure “adjective + numeral + noun (of measure)”. Their purpose is to direct the hearer’s taxation of the measurement implied along the scale of “low” to “high”, of “few” to “many” etc. Apart from these scalar attributes, our corpus (in the appendix) exhibits “normal” descriptive ones.
Źródło:
Studia Germanica Gedanensia; 2018, 39; 187-204
1230-6045
Pojawia się w:
Studia Germanica Gedanensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Labor taxation versus employment models in Poland
Autorzy:
Wojciuk, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2128096.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
labor taxation
tax wedge
labor costs
Opis:
The purpose of the paper is to present the tax wedge observed in Poland and its structure for variousmodels of employment, as well as to find out which of these models is burdened with the highest non-wage expenses. The study uses the descriptive method, statistical data analysis, and the author’s own calculations. OECD statistical data and legal regulations concerning labor taxation in Poland are used as source material. The research made it possible to draw the conclusion that an employment contract is the least beneficial form of employment in terms of the non-wage expenses that the tax wedge in Poland comprises. The diversity of labor taxation depending on the form of employment may have a negative effect on the labor market. It prompts many people to choose self-employment or work on the basis of civil-law contracts. The research conducted for the needs of this paper contributes to the body of knowledge on tax and para-tax burdens on labor in Poland, and the conclusions can provide a basis for a debate on necessary changes in Polish legislation regarding taxation of labor so that it becomes more conducive to jobs creation and legal employment
Źródło:
Optimum. Economic Studies; 2018, 2(92); 138-153
1506-7637
Pojawia się w:
Optimum. Economic Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Taxation Rules for Alternative Investment Companies
Autorzy:
Prus, Wojciech
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2091855.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-10-28
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Gdański. Centrum Prawa Samorządowego i Prawa Finansów Lokalnych
Tematy:
alternative investment company
exemption from taxation
hybrid structures
Opis:
This article deals with tax rules for alternative investment companies. The main aim of the contribution is approximation of the specifics of income taxation and also the answer to the question whether companies of this type can be used more widely outside Poland for the purposes of international tax planning.
Źródło:
Financial Law Review; 2021, 24, 4; 122-135
2299-6834
Pojawia się w:
Financial Law Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dilemmas and Confines with Personal Income Taxation Harmonization Process
Autorzy:
Wołowiec, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/558228.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Centrum Europejskie
Tematy:
Income
Personal Income Taxation
Harmonization
Competitiveness
Opis:
During the development of the Treaty of Rome it was decided that, to assure a common market, it was enough to harmonise indirect taxes and remove trade barriers as they were the prime inhibitors to the flow of goods and services. The harmonisation of direct (income) taxes was not considered as they were seen as not signifi cantly affecting the single internal market. Problems tied to direct taxation became visible as integration proceeded, the EU grew, its citizens began to migrate, multinational enterprises increased in size and scope and their financial flows (capital and profi t transfers between headquarters and subsidiaries in different EU countries) became seriously affected.
Źródło:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs; 2016, 4; 94-116
1428-149X
2719-3780
Pojawia się w:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Współczesne dylematy równości i sprawiedliwości opodatkowania (cz. 1)
The modern dilemmas of equality and fairness in taxation (Part 1)
Autorzy:
Radzikowski, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1775506.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-12-23
Wydawca:
Instytut Studiów Podatkowych Modzelewski i wspólnicy
Tematy:
deklaracja podatkowa
zobowiązanie podatkowe
informacje podatkowe
fairness in taxation
equality in taxation
history of tax thought
progression in taxation
linear tax rate
Opis:
Cele artykułu to konfrontacja najważniejszych nurtów myśli polityczno-ekonomicznej, które traktowały o postulacie równomiernego, a co za tym idzie – sprawiedliwego, rozłożenia ciężaru podatkowego, ze współczesnymi uwarunkowaniami społeczno-gospodarczymi oraz ocena, czy polski system podatkowy realizuje te postulaty. Istotą tego problemu jest pytanie: czy bogatsi powinni płacić wyższe i o ile wyższe podatki niż biedniejsi (tradycyjny dylemat podatku proporcjonalnego albo progresywnego)1? Artykuł podsumowuje i rozwija referaty: 1) Podatek solidarnościowy a solidarność podatku: czy polski system podatkowy realizuje postulaty sprawiedliwości i solidarności społecznej?, który wygłosiłem na XX Konferencji Wydziałowej WPiA UW pt. Solidarność i dobro wspólne jako wartości w prawie (Warszawa, 1-4 marca 2019 r.); 2) Współczesne dylematy równości opodatkowania, który wygłosiłem na XXI Konferencji Wydziałowej WPiA UW pt. Równość i nierówności w prawie (Warszawa, 28 lutego 2020 r.).
The article seeks to confront the major currents in the political and economic thought that have dealt with the postulate to proportionately and, consequently, fairly distribute the tax burden, against the modern socioeconomic conditions and determinants – and, to evaluate whether the Polish tax system fulfils this postulate. Essential to the issue is the question whether the more affluent taxpayers should pay higher taxes – and, if so, how much should they exceed the taxes charged upon the poorer taxpayers (the traditional dilemma of proportional vs. progressive tax). The article is composed of four parts, due to be published in the consecutive issues of the bulletin (Biuletyn). Part 1 summarises the tax thought in a historical depiction; parts 2 and 3 analyses the modern determinants and conditions behind, respectively, the socioeconomic policies and the tax policies; lastly, part 4 examines the traits of the Polish tax system.
Źródło:
Doradztwo Podatkowe Biuletyn Instytutu Studiów Podatkowych; 2020, 12(292); 20-24
1427-2008
2449-7584
Pojawia się w:
Doradztwo Podatkowe Biuletyn Instytutu Studiów Podatkowych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
E-commerce Taxation as an Example of Legal Deadlock
Autorzy:
Lipka, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2154768.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-06-15
Wydawca:
Akademia Leona Koźmińskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
e-commerce
international taxation
lock-in effect
Opis:
Many of the principles of taxation that were developed in the first half of the 20th century, such as the arm’s length principle and the definition of the term “permanent establishment” (PE) in determining the tax position of international business operations, when applied to the business models of the 21st century, often result in the under-taxation of businesses that are otherwise fully compliant with the laws as presently written and implemented. Compounding the problem is the fact that these rules and principles of taxation are broadly recognized and are enshrined in a wide network of tax treaties. This makes the task of modifying or updating these rules and principals extremely difficult. Using legal-dogmatic and legal-theoretical methods, the author will show that present attempts to tax e-commerce transactions unilaterally are not effective and that, under present conditions, even organizations such as the EU are unable to address the problem at hand. The OECD project, commissioned by the G-20, which seeks to create a set of international e-commerce taxation rules, faces some very serious difficulties – largely because a well-established “set in stone” complement of internationally accepted laws, rules, and regulations is serving to block the development of new, more appropriate rules. This phenomenon has become known as the lock-in effect or legal impossibilism. In order to effectively address this phenomenon, lawmakers on a global basis must understand the mechanisms that are blocking the effective evolution of business taxation.
Źródło:
Krytyka Prawa. Niezależne Studia nad Prawem; 2022, 13, 2; 60-79
2080-1084
2450-7938
Pojawia się w:
Krytyka Prawa. Niezależne Studia nad Prawem
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-10 z 477

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