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    Wyświetlanie 1-8 z 8
    Tytuł:
    Antropoceniczne życie po życiu – żywe maszyny, syntetyczna biologia i koniec natury
    Anthropocenic After-life: Living Machines, Synthetic Biology and the End of Nature
    Autorzy:
    Witek, Michał
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2044057.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-03-15
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Opis:
    Postulowane nadejście „epoki antropocenu” oraz szeroko dyskutowany w humanistyce „koniec natury”, a także wiążące się z tą koncepcją podejścia teoretyczne takie jak naturo-kultura i techno-natura otwierają pole do redefinicji pojęć: „życie”, „maszyna” czy „biologia”. Widoczne jest to zarówno na gruncie nauk przyrodniczych w podejściach transdyscyplinarnych takich jak tzw. syntetyczna biologia, jak i w sztuce eksperymentalnej. Celem tego tekstu jest przyjrzenie się złożonemu problemowi „żywych maszyn” i „syntetycznego życia” w kontekście spekulatywnego i krytycznego potencjału sztuki i postulowanej epoki antropocenu w pracach Alexandry D. Ginsberg. Głównym problemem jest namysł nad wizją roli „żywych maszyn” i „syntetycznego życia” w epoce niepewności i niekontrolowanych zmian środowiska.
    The postulated arrival of the “Anthropocene era” and the “end of nature” widely discussed in humanities, as well as theoretical approaches such as nature-culture and techno-nature associated with this concept, open the door to redefining concepts such as “life”, “machine” or “biology”. This is visible both in the field of natural sciences, and transdisciplinary approaches such as synthetic biology as well as in experimental art. The purpose of this text is to look at the complex problem of “living machines” and “synthetic life” in the context of the speculative and critical potential of art and the postulated Anthropocene era in the works of Alexandra D. Ginsberg. The main problem is reflection on the vision of the role of “live machines” and “synthetic life” in the era of uncertainty and uncontrolled changes in the environment.
    Źródło:
    Porównania; 2021, 29, 2; 295-315
    1733-165X
    Pojawia się w:
    Porównania
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Artificial life forms: the strains of the future?
    Autorzy:
    Rajalingham, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/80989.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    life form
    artificial life
    synthetic biology
    biotechnology
    future
    Źródło:
    BioTechnologia. Journal of Biotechnology Computational Biology and Bionanotechnology; 2015, 96, 3
    0860-7796
    Pojawia się w:
    BioTechnologia. Journal of Biotechnology Computational Biology and Bionanotechnology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Synthetic chromosome - the first element for synthetic life
    Autorzy:
    Noszka, Mateusz
    Kilisch, Julia
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1165623.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
    Tematy:
    CRISPR/Cas9
    DNA assembly
    synthetic biology
    synthetic chromosome
    λ Red
    Opis:
    Synthetic biology is a scientific area, that link together domains such as: biotechnology, microbiology, system biology, genetic engineering and bioinformatics. The main goal of synthetic biology is to constructing and designing artificial biological systems or re-design of existing biological systems for useful purposes - synthesizing for knowledge and synthesizing for products. The main structure on which synthetic biologists focus is the chromosome. Thanks to the development of modern genome editing techniques such as CRISPR/Cas9, or DNA assembly methods in recent years, there are more and more possibilities of creating synthetic chromosomes. The current achievements give hope for the construction of a fully synthetic organism into the future, as well as open up new possibilities related to the synthesis of new products. The following paper presents actual knowledge about synthetic chromosome including the topic of genome editing method and potential applications of synthetic biology.
    Źródło:
    World Scientific News; 2018, 107; 185-195
    2392-2192
    Pojawia się w:
    World Scientific News
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Nowoczesne techniki i technologie inżynierii środowiska
    Novel Methods and Technologies in Environmental Engineering
    Autorzy:
    Miksch, K.
    Cema, G.
    Felis, E.
    Sochacki, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1818151.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Koszalińska. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
    Tematy:
    tlenowe granule
    zewnątrzkomórkowe polimery
    częściowa nitryfikacja
    proces Anammox
    zaawansowane procesy utleniania
    systemy hybrydowe
    oczyszczalnie hydrofitowe
    dekoloryzacja barwników
    bioremediacja gruntu
    mikoryza roślin
    techniki biologii molekularne
    PCR
    FISH
    aerobic granules
    granule formation
    extracellular polymeric substances
    partially nitrification
    anammox process
    advanced oxidation processes
    hybrid systems
    constructed wetlands
    decolorization
    synthetic dyes
    soil bioremediation
    plant mycorrhization
    molecular biology techniques
    Opis:
    The novel technologies used in environmental engineering were discussed in this paper – the formation of aerobic granules, the Anammox process, the advanced oxidation processes, the use of fungi for dyes decolorization, constructed wetlands, the soil phytoremediation supported by rhizosphere microorganisms and the use of molecular biology technique in environmental engineering. The structure of granular sludge is influenced by EPS production. The average diameter and density of biogranules increase due to EPS production. Although polysaccharides are essential, proteins were found to be the predominant component of aerobic granular sludge. Compared to loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS), tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) showed more significant correlations with granules formation. This investigation will contribute towards a better understanding of the behavior and composition of EPS in sequencing batch reactors. The traditional nitrification and denitrification processes proceed well with typical municipal wastewater. Nevertheless, there are also nitrogen-rich wastewater streams like landfill leachate or reject waters from dewatering of digested sludge, for which traditional nitrification/denitrification can be generally ineffective due to free ammonia inhibition of nitrification and unfavorable biodegradable carbon content for denitrification. Because of high requirements for oxygen and the necessity for addition of external carbon source, treating such nitrogen-rich streams with nitrification/denitrification would become expensive and unsustainable. The least resources consuming pathway for the conversion of ammonium to nitrogen gas is a combination of partial nitrification and the Anammox process. The main advantages of this process compared to the conventional nitrification/denitrification are: low sludge production, decrease of the aeration costs by almost 60% (only half of the ammonia is oxidized to nitrite in the nitritation process without further oxidation to nitrate), and no need for external organic carbon source addition (Anammox process). Furthermore, anammox bacteria oxidize ammonium under anoxic conditions with nitrite as the electron acceptor, and converse energy for CO2 fixation. Additionally, the biomass yield of the Anammox process is very low (0.08 kg VSS kg NH4-N-1 in comparison to 1 kg VSS kg NH4-N-1 in conventional nitrification/denitrification process) consequently, little sludge is produced. The low sludge production is another factor that contributes to the substantially lower operation costs compared to conventional denitrification systems. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are oxidative methods which are based on the generation of the hydroxyl radicals, which are very reactive and less selective than other oxidants. In the wastewater treatment technology, AOPs can be used in a combination with conventional biological techniques (so called hybrid processes), as pre- and post- treatment processes. The advanced oxidation processes have been used in order to increase the biodegradability and also detoxification of the wastewater. The ability of fungi to degrade lignin-cellulose debris is well known. In addition to these natural molecules they may also degrade synthetic compounds, including synthetic dyes. High effectiveness of Evans blue and brilliant green mixture removal by all tested strains was demonstrated. The process was the most effective and fast in shaken conditions. Finally strain MB removed 90% of tested mixture in shaken samples after 96h. It was the best result reached among all the strains used in the experiment. High removal efficiency was accompanied by a decrease of toxicity (from V class to III class in test with D. magna and from IV class even to non-toxic in test with L. minor). The highest decrease of phytotoxicity was noticed in samples with shaken biomass in which the effect of dyes mixture elimination was the best. The research indicates very high potential of tested strains for decolorization and detoxification of dyes mixture. Constructed wetlands are man-made system mimicking the process occurring in natural wetlands. These systems are considered to be an alternative to more technically advanced waste water treatment technologies. The development of constructed wetlands is envisaged to pursue the following directions grouped according to: the type of the waste water to be treated, target contaminants, treatment intensification methods, ancillary benefits and the locality. Mycorrhiza fungi can be used for phytoremediation proccess. They support plant growth by lowering the stress caused by the lack of phosphorus and water. They produce enzymes participating in several stages of xenobiotics decomposition, which is helpful in their further biodegradation performed by the other rhisospherical organisms. The natural colonisation of PAHs contaminated soil is a long-term process. It could be shortend by adding fungal propagules as an inoculum to the soil. Fungi used for the injections should be isolated from PAHs contaminated soil. That guarantees their survival and development in the contaminated environment. The level of PAHs elimination from soil depends on a type of bioremediation modification used. It was shown that the best results are obtained with monocotylous plants combined with bacterial and fungal biopreparations obtained from contaminated soil. The symbiosis of mycorrhiza fungi with monocotylous plants caused ca. 40% increase of 3, 4, 5 and 30% of 6-ring hydrocarbons removal from soil in comparison with the conventional methods. Important aspect of environmental protection and engineering is the possibility for qualitative and quantitative monitoring of complex microbial communities, responsible for biotechnological processes, such as: soil bioremediation, wastewater treatment or composting. Due to the fact that most of the environmental bacteria cannot be grown in the laboratory conditions molecular techniques are widely used in environmental engineering. Among these methods the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)-based and hybridization-based (such as Fluorescent in situ Hybridization; FISH) techniques are known to be the most useful.
    Źródło:
    Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska; 2015, Tom 17, cz. 1; 833-857
    1506-218X
    Pojawia się w:
    Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Design methodology and modeling of synthetic biosystems
    Autorzy:
    Madec, M.
    Gendrault, Y.
    Lallement, C.
    Haiech, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/398041.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Łódzka. Wydział Mikroelektroniki i Informatyki
    Tematy:
    syntetyczna biologia
    projektowany przypływ
    biologiczny przerzutnik
    synthetic biology
    design flow
    top-down approach
    HDL
    biological gates
    biological flip-flop
    Opis:
    Synthetic biology is an emerging area of biotechnology for which main applications are in the field of Health and Environment However, it suffers from a lack of adapted CAD tools and methodology in order to fulfill efficiently and quickly the needs of these domains. In this paper, the strong relationship between circuits design in microelectronics and synthetic biology is highlighted. Most of synthesized biodevices behavior can be interpreted and modeled by BioLogic gate. As a consequence, bigger biosystems might be designed using methods and tools borrowed from microelectronics. These similarities lead to an efficient methodology, using microelectronics design flow, tools and methods, which should allow a top-down approach in synthetic biosystem design. The methodology is illustrated on the design of a biosystem (a T-flipflop), using top-down approach and HDL modeling languages. The proposed methods and their evolution prospects are discussed at the end of the paper,
    Źródło:
    International Journal of Microelectronics and Computer Science; 2010, 1, 2; 147-155
    2080-8755
    2353-9607
    Pojawia się w:
    International Journal of Microelectronics and Computer Science
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Związek między Baconem, teleologią i analogią a doktryną naturalizmu metodologicznego
    The Relationship of Bacon, Teleology, and Analogy to the Doctrine of Methodological Naturalism
    Autorzy:
    LeMaster, James C.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/553314.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Instytut Filozofii
    Tematy:
    przyczyna celowa
    przyczyna sprawcza
    metafizyka
    nauka
    teleologia wewnętrzna
    teleologia zewnętrzna
    wnioskowanie teleologiczne
    rozumowanie z analogii
    biologia syntetyczna
    final cause
    efficient cause
    metaphysics
    science
    intrinsic teleology
    extrinsic teleology
    teleological inference
    analogical reasoning
    synthetic biology
    Opis:
    Francis Bacon podzielił nauki przyrodnicze na fizykę i metafizykę. Twierdził, że z czterech przyczyn wskazanych przez Arystotelesa tylko przyczyny materialne i sprawcze należą do dziedziny fizyki, a przyczyny celowe, czy też twierdzenia teleologiczne, zaliczyć trzeba do dziedziny metafizyki. Bacon sprzeciwiał się włączaniu teleologii do fizyki, ponieważ doświadczenie podpowiadało mu, że twierdzenia teleologiczne zniechęcają do poszukiwania przyczyn sprawczych dla zjawisk przyrodniczych. Relegował on teleologię do metafizyki, a nauka w dużej mierze poszła jego śladem, wykształcając przez kolejne czterysta lat coraz większą awersję do uwzględniania czynników teleologicznych w wyjaśnieniach naukowych. Zdaniem Bacona człowiek, z racji swojej natury, „wymyśla […] paralele, odpowiedniości i stosunki, które w rzeczywistości nie istnieją”. Jednak wraz z rozwojem nauki w zakresie odkrywania przyczyn materialnych i sprawczych, jaki zachodził od czasów Bacona, zaczęły pojawiać się paralele, odpowiedniości i stosunki bardziej zasadne niż zapewne mógłby on sobie wyobrazić. Krótko mówiąc, poszukiwanie przyczyn materialnych i sprawczych w przyrodzie przyniosło imponujące uzasadnienie również dla wnioskowania o przyczynach celowych. Wnioskowania teleologiczne powinny być dopuszczone w nauce wówczas, gdy uprawomocniają je świadectwa empiryczne. Narzędzie pozwalające ustalić, czy wnioskowanie teleologiczne jest prawomocne, stanowi analogia. Bacon mógłby pomóc nauce uniknąć stopniowego, lecz i nieuchronnego przejścia w stronę naturalizmu metodologicznego, gdyby położył nacisk na to, jak analogia, zastosowana w roli narzędzia analitycznego w procesie indukcji, prowadzi do zasadnych wniosków o istnieniu teleologii w przyrodzie.
    Francis Bacon divided natural science into physics and metaphysics. He claimed that of Aristotle’s four causes, only material and efficient causes belong to the realm of physics, and that final causes, or teleological claims, belong to the realm of metaphysics. Bacon objected to including teleology in physics because in his experience teleological claims tended to discourage the search for efficient causes for natural phenomena. Because Bacon relegated teleology to metaphysics science largely followed his lead, evolving over the next four hundred years a growing distaste for including any teleological implications in scientific explanations. Bacon claimed that human nature, “will yet invent parallels and conjugates and relatives, where no such thing is”. Yet, as the material and efficient causal discoveries by science have progressed since Bacon’s time, they have in turn revealed more legitimate parallels and conjugates and relatives than perhaps he could have ever imagined. Stated succinctly, the process of exploring material and efficient causes in nature has also given breathtaking justification for also inferring final causes as well. As such, inferences to teleology in science should be allowed where they are warranted by the empirical evidence. The tool for determining whether a teleological inference is warranted is analogy. Bacon could have helped science avoid its gradual but inexorable drift into methodological naturalism if he had emphasized how analogy, used as an analytical tool in the process of induction, legitimately leads to reasonable inferences of teleology in nature.
    Źródło:
    Filozoficzne Aspekty Genezy; 2017, 14; 99-133
    2299-0356
    Pojawia się w:
    Filozoficzne Aspekty Genezy
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Od syntezy oligonukleotydów do Mycoplasma laboratorium
    Autorzy:
    Laskowski, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/273706.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Roble
    Tematy:
    biologia syntetyczna
    oligonukleotydy
    Mycoplasma laboratorium
    synthetic biology
    oligonucleotides
    Źródło:
    LAB Laboratoria, Aparatura, Badania; 2011, 16, 3; 22-25
    1427-5619
    Pojawia się w:
    LAB Laboratoria, Aparatura, Badania
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Chemiczna biologia syntetyczna
    Chemical synthetic biology
    Autorzy:
    Huszcza, Ewa
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1853725.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Chemiczne
    Tematy:
    biologia syntetyczna chemiczna
    ksenobiologia
    komórka minimalna
    chemical synthetic biology
    xenobiology
    minimal cell
    Opis:
    Synthetic biology, which in 2020 turned 20 years old, is a very dynamically developing field. Unlike traditional molecular and cellular biology, synthetic biology focuses on the design and construction of parts, devices and systems such as enzymes, genetic circuits, metabolic pathways, etc. that can be modeled and adapted to specific requirements, and assembly into integrated systems for solving specific problems. The basic assumption of synthetic biology is the application of engineering principles such as standardization and modularity. Synthetic biology is traditionally dominated by top-down approaches that incorporate or redesign well-characterized standard biological parts into cellular systems. In synthetic biology research there are also bottom-up approaches aiming to construct cell-like systems starting with molecular building blocks. This complementary approach is called "chemical synthetic biology." In this case the goal is to use unnatural chemicals to reproduce biological behavior. Under the bottom-up approach synthetic biology involves construction of so-called minimal cells or living cells from scratch and creating orthogonal biological systems based on biochemistry not found in nature. Bottom-up approaches complement the study of living cells, facilitate the definition of principles governing biological organization and identify new systems for biotechnological production. Examples of breakthrough achievements in chemical synthetic biology such as peptide nucleic acids and selected developments over the past few years are presented in this review article.
    Źródło:
    Wiadomości Chemiczne; 2021, 75, 9-10; 1413-1438
    0043-5104
    2300-0295
    Pojawia się w:
    Wiadomości Chemiczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-8 z 8

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