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Wyszukujesz frazę "soft X-ray" wg kryterium: Wszystkie pola


Tytuł:
0.2-kJ and 2-kJ high rep rate Dense Plasma foci : their design, technology, and applications
Autorzy:
Dubrovsky, A. V.
Gribkov, V. A.
Ivanov, Y. P.
Lee, P.
Lee, S.
Liu, M.
Samarin, V. A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146546.pdf
Data publikacji:
2001
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
dense plasma focus (DPF)
DPF installation
miniature focus chamber
soft and hard X-ray radiation
Opis:
The paper presents various designs of several medium and small size Dense Plasma Focus (DPF) chambers intended for numerous applications, a description of technologies used in these facilities, and some results reached with these devices by using a number of diagnostic techniques. In present experiments the DP foci have been used mainly as an X-ray source. We discuss here how it is possible to satisfy absolutely new and very strict demands on the construction and technology for the devices to be eventually applied in science and industry. Between these characteristics there are a high repetition rate (typically 1…15 Hz) and a long lifetime (over 1 million shots). Their switching elements, a collector and chambers must withstand a high quasi-continuous heat load (up to 100 kW). High energy density in the central part of the chamber anode and the necessity to provide a channel for radiation extraction demanded a special construction and specific materials implementation in this region. Their X-ray spectrum should be tuned. They have to operate with different working gases and preferably in a wide range of pressures. All these points are discussed in this report. Capabilities of the described techniques are illustrated by results of the recent experimental studies carried out with facilities located at the Nanyang Technological University (NX1) as well as at the Lebedev Physical Institute (PF-0.2).
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2001, 46, suppl. 1; 107-111
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Advanced Real-time Evaluation and Data Quality Monitoring Model Integration with FPGAs for Tokamak High-performance Soft X-ray Diagnostic System
Autorzy:
Wojenski, A.
Poźniak, K.
Mazon, D.
Chernyshova, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/227260.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
data quality monitoring
system modeling
FPGA
Verilog/VHDL
HDL
GEM detector
SXR plasma diagnostics
modular measurement system
data evaluation
Opis:
Based on the publications regarding new or recent measurement systems for the tokamak plasma experiments, it can be found that the monitoring and quality validation of input signals for the computation stage is done in different, often simple, ways. In the paper is described the unique approach to implement the novel evaluation and data quality monitoring (EDQM) model for use in various measurement systems. The adaptation of the model is made for the GEM-based soft X-ray measurement system FPGA-based. The EDQM elements has been connected to the base firmware using PCI-E DMA real-time data streaming with minimal modification. As additional storage, on-board DDR3 memory has been used. Description of implemented elements is provided, along with designed data processing tools and advanced simulation environment based on Questa software.
Źródło:
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2018, 64, 4; 473-479
2300-1933
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Biomedical application of soft X-ray microscopy with special reference to spectromicroscopy
Autorzy:
Ito, A.
Inoue, T.
Kado, M.
Ohigashi, T.
Tone, S.
Shinohara, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1065144.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-02
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
87.59.-e
Opis:
Soft X-ray microscopy has great advantages over other types of microscopy on the observation of hydrated specimens at high spatial resolution below 100 nm, and on the elemental and molecular mapping using absorption characteristics. These advantages are particularly suitable for biomedical applications. A possible problem associated with observation of specimens at high spatial resolution in a hydrated environment is described and a strategy to overcome the problem is presented. The latter part of the present report deals with spectromicroscopy to obtain molecular distribution in biological specimens. DNA and protein distributions in isolated nuclei are examined following to the progression of apoptosis at high resolution, and the oxidation product is visualized in human hair in relation to calcium content.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2016, 129, 2; 260-263
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Conceptual design of Light Impurity Monitor for Wendelstein 7-X
Autorzy:
Książek, I.
Burhenn, R.
Musielok, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146640.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
plasma spectroscopy
stellarator
soft X-ray
Opis:
As plasma impurity ions can significantly influence the properties of a fusion plasma by dilution and enhancement of the radiation losses, the process of monitoring of their concentrations is one of the most important tasks. A Light Impurity Monitor is needed for monitoring the contamination of the stellarator plasma by carbon, nitrogen, boron, and oxygen impurities, which are indicators for the overload of the plasma facing components, leakage of the vacuum vessel, or wall condition, respectively. Their concentration will be estimated on the basis of emission intensities of their hydrogen-like ions. In this paper a conceptual design of such a spectrometer is presented, including the description of the geometry, the acquisition system and safety systems.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2011, 56, 2; 155-160
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Contact Microscopy using a Compact Laser Produced Plasma Soft X-Ray Source
Autorzy:
Ayele, M.
Czwartos, J.
Adjei, D.
Wachulak, P.
Ahad, I.
Bartnik, A.
Wegrzynski, Ł.
Szczurek, M.
Jarocki, R.
Fiedorowicz, H.
Lekka, M.
Pogoda, K.
Gostek, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1398826.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-02
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
52.50.Jm
68.37.Yz
85.40.Hp
Opis:
Soft X-ray contact microscopy potentially allows imaging of wet living biological specimens at a spatial resolution higher than optical microscopy and without many of the constraints of scanning electron microscopy. In this paper, we present the development of a laboratory scale contact microscope that uses a laser produced plasma soft X-ray source. The source is based on a double-stream gas-puff target approach and it operates in the "water window" spectral range which enables to capture images of biological samples with a natural contrast. In the preliminary experiments the contact microscope system has been used for imaging of fixed and dried non-malignant HCV29 human bladder cell lines cultured on polymethyl methacrylate photoresists. The samples were exposed with 150 pulses of soft X-rays as an initial test to demonstrate the possibility of image formation. The soft X-ray contact images registered in the photoresists exhibit high resolution in the atomic force microscopy topography which indicates the potential application of soft X-ray contact microscopy in life science to examine small features as small as few tens of nm. The technique could also be used for living cell imaging with further optimization of the microscope system and development of a special specimen holder. The details of the soft X-ray contact microscopy technique and the experimental results are presented and discussed.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2016, 129, 2; 237-240
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Development of a Soft X-ray Microprobe for Radiobiology Studies
Autorzy:
Appuhamilage, I.
Adjei, D.
Alatabi, S.
Alnaimi, R.
Michette, A.
Pfauntsch, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1197646.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014-04
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
41.50.+h
07.85.Fv
Opis:
The King's College London (KCL) first X-ray microprobe (MKI) and the third generation microfocus X-ray sources (MKIII) are intended to be used for various applications including the study of physical and biological interactions at the atomic and molecular scales. The microfocus ultra-soft X-ray sources (MKI and MKIII) with interchangeable targets will provide a superior spatial resolution (a focal spot a few hundreds of nanometres in diameter can be achieved) and the control of the dose delivered to irradiated cells. This will require characterization of the spectra and intensities of the source, measurements of the focus intensities and spot sizes of suitable X-ray optics such as zone plates, grazing incidence microstructured optical arrays and multilayer mirrors.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2014, 125, 4; 882-885
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Elementy optyczne pracujące w widmowym zakresie obejmującym ultrafiolet próżniowy i miękkie promieniowanie rentgenowskie
Optical elements for the extreme ultraviolet and soft X-ray range
Autorzy:
Wardzińska, Martyna
Wachulak, Przemysław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2203159.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Wojskowa Akademia Techniczna im. Jarosława Dąbrowskiego
Tematy:
automatyka
elektronika i elektrotechnika
optyka rentgenowska
filtry optyczne
zwierciadła wielowarstwowe
siatki dyfrakcyjne
płytki strefowe Fresnela
ultrafiolet próżniowy
miękkie promieniowanie rentgenowskie
automation
electronic and electrical engineering
soft X-ray
extreme ultraviolet
optical elements
optical filters
multilayer mirrors
diffraction gratings
Fresnel zone plates
Opis:
W artykule zawarto podstawy fizyczne i przegląd elementów optycznych do pracy w zakresie obejmującym ultrafiolet próżniowy (eUV) oraz miękkie promieniowanie rentgenowskie (SXr). Pierwszy rozdział obejmuje wprowadzenie do analizowanej tematyki i podstawy fizyczne. W drugim rozdziale przedstawione zostały podstawy działania optyki związanej z zakresem eUV/SXr wraz z wyróżnieniem jej wad oraz zalet. W trzecim rozdziale szczegółowo omówiono elementy optyczne, takie jak: filtry optyczne, zwierciadła (m.in. wielowarstwowe), siatki dyfrakcyjne, płytki strefowe Fresnela oraz rozwiązania hybrydowe. rozdział czwarty przedstawia szeroki obszar zastosowań optyki eUV/SXr. W ostatnim rozdziale znajduje się podsumowanie przedstawionych wcześniej informacji.
The article presents the physical basis and overview of optical elements for the range including extreme ultraviolet (eUV) and soft X-ray (SXr). The first chapter contains an introduction to the subject under review and physical fundamentals. The second chapter presents the basics of optics for the eUV/SXr range, along with highlighting its advantages and disadvantages. The third chapter discusses in detail optical components such as optical filters, mirrors (including multilayers), diffraction gratings, Fresnel zone plates, and hybrid solutions. The fourth chapter presents a wide range of applications of eUV/SXr optics. The final chapter summarises the information presented earlier.
Źródło:
Biuletyn Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej; 2022, 71, 2; 49--83
1234-5865
Pojawia się w:
Biuletyn Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Hard and Soft X-Ray Reflectivity Studies οf $(NiFe//Au//Co//Au)_{10}$ Magnetic Multilayers
Autorzy:
Szymański, B.
Stobiecki, F.
Weis, T.
Engel, D.
Urbaniak, M.
Kuświk, P.
Lengemann, D.
Ehresmann, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1810593.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009-01
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
61.05.cm
75.60.-d
75.70.-i
Opis:
We report on hard and soft X-ray reflectivity investigations of $(Ni_{80}Fe_{20} (2.2 nm)//Au(2.3 nm)//Co(0.8 nm)//Au(2.3 nm))_{10}$ multilayers. Specular reflectivity curves were measured with Cu $K_{α}$ radiation and circularly polarized synchrotron radiation tuned to Co $L_{3}$ and Ni $L_{3}$ absorption edges. Structural properties of the multilayers were determined from the hard X-ray reflectivity curve. Comparison of reflectivity curves taken at different photon energies shows: (i) small difference in peak positions in dependence of reflectivity versus scattering vector q, (ii) different shapes of satellite Bragg peaks, (iii) different ranges of q for appearance of the Kiessig fringes. Analysis of soft X-ray reflectivity curves taken as a function of magnetic field allows to determine magnetic properties of Co and NiFe layer specifically.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2009, 115, 1; 366-368
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Investigation of low-temperature plasmas formed in low-density gases surrounding laser-produced plasmas
Autorzy:
Majszyk, Mateusz
Bartnik, Andrzej
Skrzeczanowski, Wojciech
Fok, Tomasz
Węgrzyński, Łukasz
Szczurek, Mirosław
Fiedorowicz, Henryk
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2202566.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
extreme ultraviolet
EUV
laser plasma
low pressure
photoionization
plasma
soft X-ray
SXR
Opis:
Low-temperature plasma production is possible as a result of photoionization using high-intensity extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and soft X-ray (SXR) pulses. Plasma of this type is also present in outer space, e.g., aurora borealis. It also occurs when high-velocity objects enter the atmosphere, during which period high temperatures can be produced locally by friction. Low-temperature plasma is also formed in an ambient gas surrounding the hot laser-produced plasma (LPP). In this work, a special system has been prepared for investigation of this type of plasma. The LPP was created inside a chamber fi lled with a gas under a low pressure, of the order of 1–50 mbar, by a laser pulse (3–9 J, 1–8 ns) focused onto a gas puff target. In such a case, the SXR/EUV radiation emitted from the LPP was partially absorbed in the low-density gas. In this case, high- and low-temperature plasmas (Te ~100 eV and ~1 eV, respectively) were created locally in the chamber. Investigation of the EUV-induced plasmas was performed mainly using spectral methods in ultraviolet/visible (UV/VIS) light. The measurements were performed using an echelle spectrometer, and additionally, spatial–temporal measurements were performed using an optical streak camera. Spectral analysis was supported by the PGOPHER numerical code.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2023, 68, 1; 11--17
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Limitations of thermoluminescent dosimeters in soft X-ray diagnostics of pulsed plasma
Autorzy:
Krása, J.
Fárníková, M.
Juha, L.
Cejnarová, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147287.pdf
Data publikacji:
2001
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
dosimetry of photons
thermoluminescent dosimeters
X-ray plasma diagnostics
Opis:
Responses of thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) of CaF2:Dy, CaF2:Mn, and LiF:Mg,Cu,P to the deposited energy of monochromatic 1.75–3.5 keV radiation were measured with respect to an increase in the local dose due to the attenuation length that was much shorter than the TLD thickness. The responses of TLDs to X-ray emission from the laserproduced aluminium plasma were found to be independent of the dose rate within a wide range.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2001, 46, suppl. 1; 49-51
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Measurement Capabilities Upgrade of GEM Soft X-ray Measurement System for Hot Plasma Diagnostics
Autorzy:
Linczuk, Pawel
Wojenski, Andrzej
Kolasinski, Piotr
Krawczyk, Rafal
Zabolotny, Wojciech
Pozniak, Krzysztof
Chernyshova, Maryna
Czarski, Tomasz
Gaska, Michal
Kasprowicz, Grzegorz
Malinowski, Karol
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1844588.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
measurement system
GEM
DAQ
Opis:
The paper presents improvements of the developed system for hot plasma radiation measurement in the soft Xray range based on a Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) detector. Scope of work consists of a new solution for handling hardware time-synchronization with tokamak systems needed for better synchronization with other diagnostics and measurement quality. The paper describes the support of new modes of triggering on PC-side. There are communication and data path overview in the system. The new API is described, which provide separate channels for data and control and is more robust than the earlier solution. Work concentrates on stability and usability improvements of the implemented device providing better usage for end-user.
Źródło:
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2021, 67, 1; 115-120
2300-1933
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Measurements of fast electron beams and soft X-ray emission from plasma-focus experiments
Autorzy:
Surała, W.
Sadowski, M. J.
Kwiatkowski, R.
Jakubowski, L.
Żebrowski, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147850.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
electron beams
X-ray emission
plasma focus
hot spots
Opis:
The paper reports results of the recent experimental studies of pulsed electron beams and soft X-rays in plasma-focus (PF) experiments carried out within a modifi ed PF-360U facility at the NCBJ, Poland. Particular attention was focused on time-resolved measurements of the fast electron beams by means of two different magnetic analyzers, which could record electrons of energy ranging from about 41 keV to about 715 keV in several (6 or 8) measuring channels. For discharges performed with the pure deuterium fi lling, many strong electron signals were recorded in all the measuring channels. Those signals were well correlated with the fi rst hard X-ray pulse detected by an external scintillation neutron-counter. In some of the analyzer channels, electron spikes (lasting about dozens of nanoseconds) and appearing in different instants after the current peculiarity (so-called current dip) were also recorded. For several discharges, fast ion beams, which were emitted along the z-axis and recorded with nuclear track detectors, were also investigated. Those measurements confi rmed a multibeam character of the ion emission. The time-integrated soft X-ray images, which were taken side-on by means of a pinhole camera and sensitive X-ray fi lms, showed the appearance of some fi lamentary structures and so-called hot spots. The application of small amounts of admixtures of different heavy noble gases, i.e. of argon (4.8% volumetric), krypton (1.6% volumetric), or xenon (0.8% volumetric), decreased intensity of the recorded electron beams, but increased intensity of the soft X-ray emission and showed more distinct and numerous hot spots. The recorded electron spikes have been explained as signals produced by quasi-mono-energetic microbeams emitted from tiny sources (probably plasma diodes), which can be formed near the observed hot spots.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2016, 61, 2; 161-167
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Modelling of the soft X-ray tungsten spectra expected to be registered by GEM detection system for WEST
Autorzy:
Syrocki, Ł.
Szymańska, E.
Słabkowska, K.
Polasik, M.
Pestka, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/971490.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
X-ray spectra
tokamak
tungsten L, M, N, X-ray lines
GEM detection system
Opis:
In the future International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), the interaction between the plasma and the tungsten chosen as the plasma-facing wall material imposes that the hot central plasma loses energy by X-ray emission from tungsten ions. On the other hand, the registered X-ray spectra provide alternative diagnostics of the plasma itself. Highly ionized tungsten emits extremely complex X-ray spectra that can be understood only after exhaustive theoretical studies. The detailed analyses will be useful for proper interpretation of soft X-ray plasma radiation expected to be registered on ITER-like machines, that is, Tungsten (W) Environment in Steady-state Tokamak (WEST). The simulations of the soft X-ray spectra structures for tungsten ions have been performed using the flexible atomic code (FAC) package within the framework of collisional-radiative (CR) model approach for electron temperatures and densities relevant to WEST tokamak.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2016, 61, 4; 433-436
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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